1、专题七三大从句一、名词性从句.名词性从句的种类种类作用热身训练先练后背主语从句在复合句中作主语，相当于名词，一般置于谓语之前，也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放在主句之后_he will come or not doesnt matter much._comes here will be welcome.It is certain_he will come.答案WhetherWhoeverthat表语从句在复合句中作表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后It looks_it is going to snow.答案as if宾语从句在复合句中作宾语，相当于名词He asked me_team coul
2、d win the game.答案which同位语从句放在名词(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等) 之后，表明其具体内容You have no idea_worried we are.The fact_he lied again greatly surprised us.答案howthat. 名词性从句的引导词引导连词that引导连词whether/if连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever等连接副
3、词where, when, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等主语从句不能省略that，不作成分，没有词义用whether，不用if。不作成分，“是否”之意what, whatever, which, whichever用来指物，who, whom, whoever, whomever用来指人。连接代词在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等连接副词在名词性从句中作状语。宾语从句可以省略that，不作成分，没有词义whether和if可以互换，不作成分，“是否”之意表语从句不能省略that，不作成分，没有词义用whether，不用if，不作成分，“是否
4、”之意同位语从句不能省略that，不作成分，没有词义用whether，不用if，不作成分，“是否”之意热身训练先练后背_I want to know is_youll return from the United States._will attend the competition hasnt been decided and it is announced that_will win will be given a weeks tour to Europe.答案What；when/how/whetherWho；whoever. 名词性从句中常考连词的多义性连词从句的类型特点热身训练先练后背
5、that名词性从句that不作成分，没有词义_is a rule that he gets up at six every morning.答案It定语从句that作主语、宾语，指代先行词You must do everything_I do.答案that强调句型that是强调句型的标志，it is.that.去掉后，句子仍然完整It is you_are wrong.答案thatwhatever名词性从句whatever表泛指，意为“无论什么”，作主语、宾语、表语以及定语I shall accept_you buy for me._you do，you must go all out to
6、do it well.答案whateverWhatever让步状语从句此时，可以和no matter what互换what名词性从句中，what相当于疑问性质的连接代词“什么，什么样的”之意。表特指I am not sure_he is up to.答案what名词性从句中，what相当于关系代词性质的连接代词此时，what相当于the things that或all that，“所的，所的事情”_we do must agree with what we have said.答案What二、定语从句.定语从句在句中修饰一个名词或代词被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。它的作用：
7、一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分热射训练先练后背备注关系代词whom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with_I am working.答案whomwhom, which和that在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面的关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhose人，物定语I like those books_topics are about history.The boy_father works abroad is my classmate.答案whosewhosethat人，物
8、主语，宾语A plane is a machine_can fly.The book_I gave you was worth $10.答案that/which(that/which)which物as人，物主语，宾语He is such a person_is respected by all of us.This is the same pen_I lost yesterday.答案asasas作宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day_we met there.答案when/on which关系副词相当于介词whichwhere地点地
9、点状语This is the house_I was born.答案where/in whichwhy原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason_he turned down my offer.答案why/for which. 定语从句中， that与which, who, whom的用法区别情况用法说明热身训练先练后背只用that的情况(1)先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时(2)先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修
10、饰时(3)先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时(4)先行词既指人又指物时(5)先行词被the only, the very修饰时(6)句中已经有who或which，为了避免重复时He told me everything_he knew.Those_respect others are usually respected by others.Who is the man_is making a speech?He is the only man_I want to see.I like the person to_the teacher is talking.All the books_you
11、offered have been given out.This is the best film_I have ever seen.We talked about the persons and things_we remembered.He has a son, _has gone abroad for further study.答案thatwhothatthatwhomthatthatthatwho只用which, who，whom的情况(1)在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人(2)在由“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指
12、人(3)先行词本身是that时，关系词用which，先行词为those, one, he时多用who. as与which的区别区别热身训练先练后背限制性定语从句名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as，不能用whichHe is not such a man_he looks.Dont read such books_you cant understand.They won the game, _we had expected.They won the game, _we hadnt expected._is well known，he is a famous film sta
13、r in the 1980s.答案asasaswhichAs非限制性定语从句as和which都可以指代整个主句。如果有“正如，像”的含义，并且既可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放在主句后，并无“正如”的意思三、状语从句种类连接词注意点热身训练先练后背时间状语when，whenever，while，as，before，after，until，till，by the time，once，as soon as，hardly.when，no sooner.than，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly，instant
14、ly主句表示将来意义时，从句须用一般现在时；while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的；until用在肯定句中时，主句动词是延续性的；而在否定句中时，主句动词为短暂性的You should stick to your aim_it is realized.We shall think the situation over again_any decision is made.The weather is getting colder and colder_the days go on.答案till/untilbeforeas地点状语where，whereverwherever也可引导让步状语从句
15、。Please leave the medicine_the children cannot reach.答案where原因状语because，as，since，now that，in thatbecause语气最强，since较弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as又次之。It was_Tom had to attend his mother that he was absent from the party.答案because条件状语if，unless，in case，as long as，on condition that，given that，providing that，provided t
16、hat，only if，if only，assuming that，suppose that，supposing that，when，whether.or从句中动词时态不可用将来时，常用一般时代替I wont join the club unless the chairman_(invite) me._you want to go to a key university, youll have to work harder.In case it_(rain), well delay our travel.答案invitesIfrains目的状语so that，in order that，for
17、 fear that，in caseso that和in order that后常接may，should，could，would等情态动词I am preparing some dishes in case my friend Tom_(come)this weekend.答案comes结果状语so.that，such.thatHe is_a lovely boy that all his teachers like him.答案such比较状语than，as.as，not so/as.as，the more.the moreShe is not so kind_we thought.答案as
18、方式状语as if，as though，asas if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气Every student tried doing the experiment_their teacher did.答案as让步状语though，although，even if，even though，as，while，no matter what，whatever，no matter who，whoever，no matter which，whichever，no matter how，however，no matter when，wheneveras在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式，此时若句首是名词，名词不能带任何冠词；while引导的让步状语从句常置于主句之前；although和though引导的让步状语从句，可与yet连用，但不可与but连用Hard_she tried, she wasnt able to catch up with others._late he gets home, his wife always wait for him to have dinner._Li Hua is the cleverest of the class, he is also the laziest.答案asHoweverWhile/Although/Though