1、专题03 人物传记类序号内容Part 1题型总览题型综述 技巧点拨 读相关词Part 2真题感悟真题详解 强重难词 析长难句.Part 3专题强化真题自测 新题模拟Part 1题型总览【题型综述】人物传记类阅读理解在近年高考中频繁出现，主要以介绍科学家、文学家等杰出人物在各自领域所取得的重大成就，尤其注重介绍这些杰出人物如何克服身体残缺、自然环境和社会环境所造成的各种困难。体裁一般是记叙文，写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。【技巧点拨】人物传记类文章多为记叙文，命题以细节为主，推理为辅。应特别注意对人物的外貌、语言、动作和思想的描写，从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。阅读时，
2、我们可以先浏览题干，看一下哪几道题是有关细节理解的，抓住题干关键词，然后再到文章中查找并阅读与之有关的句子。【读相关词】1. wisdom n智慧；明智2. intelligent adj. 聪明的；智能的3. gifted adj. 有才能的4. outgoing adj. 爱交际的；外向的5. outstanding adj. 杰出的6. virtue n美德；正直的品行7. optimistic adj. 乐观主义的8. achievement n成就；成绩；功绩9. admire v. 钦佩；欣赏10. attractive adj. 有魅力的11. confident adj. 自信
3、的12. enthusiastic adj. 热情的13. creative adj. 富有创造力的14. energetic adj. 精力旺盛的15. biography n.传记16. autobiography n. 自传;自传体小说17. fantasy n. 想象;幻想;幻想作品18. novelist n. 小说家19. event n. 重要的事;重大事件;赛事;演艺会20. incident n. 生活中印象深刻的小事;不寻常或不愉快的小事;政治事件/事变21. witness v. 当场看到;目击22. witness n. 目击者;见证人23. intellectual
4、a.脑力的;推理的;有智慧的24. talented/gifted a. 有才艺的25. personable a .品貌兼优的26. brilliant a. 绝妙的;明亮的;才华横溢的27. approachable a. 和蔼可亲的;浅显易懂的28. demanding a. 要求高的;要求急严的29. absent-minded a. 心不在焉的30. conservative a. 保守的;守旧的31. know-all a. 博学多知的32. sense of humour 幽默感33. be ready to 乐于34. modest and honest 谦虚诚实35. ada
5、pt (oneself) to 适应于36. have difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难37. be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事38. be regarded as 被认为是39. have a gift for 在方面有天赋40. work hard at 努力做41. devote ones life to 致力于42. graduate from 从毕业43. taken an active part in 积极参加44. openminded and optimistic 乐观开朗45. be admitted to 被录取；考入46.
6、go abroad for further studies 出国深造47. be honored for 因而受到尊敬Part 2真题感悟Passage 1【真题详解】【2020天津卷】 “They tell me that youd like to make a statue(塑像) of me-is that correct, Miss Vinnie Ream?”The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl. Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no ca
7、sual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.“Yes, sir,” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wouldnt have duo ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner. “President Lincoln smiled. “Painters, sculptors-theyve all tried to make the be
8、st of this ordinary face, but Im afraid theres not much hope. What did you have in mind, Miss Ream? A bust(半身像)?”Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice.“Of course-I shouldnt have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young wom
9、an your size. “Vinnies face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small does not mean weak, sir,” she defended herself. “I was born in the country of Wisconsin. Ive driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure would not exhaust my
10、strength-and that is what I intend to do!”The Presidents eyes, brightened at her show of spirit. “Sorry, madam, I have underestimated you as I didnt know your background.”But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers, in thought. “Miss Ream,” he sighed, “Id like to let you do it, but
11、as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to myself.”Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the win
12、dows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”The President seemed to consider her idea seriously. He got up and shook Vinnies hand warmly, “Ive heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have f
13、ound you charming and intelligent as well. I cannot make my decision immediately, but you will hear from me soon.”The very next day, Vinnie received an invitation from the President.41What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request of President Lincoln?AHer aggressive personality.BMr. Millss encoura
14、ging remark.CPresident Lincolns gentle voice.DHer interest in a challenging job.42How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnies request?APleased.BThrilled.CRegretful.DDoubtful.43Vinnie confirmed her ability to make a full-length statue by highlighting _.Aher experience from other projectsBher i
15、nnocent childhood in the countryCthe heavy labor she had done beforeDthe skill she picked up in Wisconsin44Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to _.Aachieve effects of natural lightingBkeep all her tools within easy reachCobserve the President at a right angleDavoid disturbing the pr
16、esidents work45What message does the story convey?AA strong-willed soul can reach his goal.BExperience helps to promote excellence.CUps and downs make one strong.DDevotion requires enthusiasm.【答案】41B42D43C44D45A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinn
17、ie收到了林肯总统的邀请。41细节理解题。根据第三段中的”I wouldnt have dared to ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner. “可知，我本来不敢问你，但我的老师Mills先生说我准备好了。我打算用一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。由此可知，Mills先生的话给了Vinnie向林肯总统提出要求的底气。故选B。42推理判断题。根据第五段中的”Of course- I shouldnt have asked. A full-length
18、 pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size.”可知，当然-我不应该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，全身雕像太大了。由此可推知，林肯总统首先对Vinnie的请求表示怀疑。故选D。43细节理解题。根据第六段中的”Ive driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay figure would not exhaust my strength-and this is what I intend to do!”可知，我赶过马队
19、，提过水。做一个全身雕像不会耗尽我的力量-我还正想这样呢！此可知，Vinnie通过强调她以前所做的繁重劳动，证实了她有能力制作一个全身雕像。故选C。44推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的”Miss Ream,” he sighed, “Id like to let you do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to myself. “可知，总统提到自己没有
20、时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像。根据倒数第三段中的”Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the proje
21、ct while you are at your desk. “可知，Vinnie环顾四周，注意到了他办公室的大小。”我干得很快，”她说。她指着靠近窗户的那个角落，声音柔和而自信。”如果我把我的粘土带到这里来，每天下午工作三个小时，我就可以在你办公的时候完成大部分的项目。”由此可推知，上文中总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像，于是Vinnie想选择靠近窗户的角落，是为了避免干扰总统的工作。故选D。45推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林
22、肯总统的邀请。由此可推知，这个故事表达了意志坚强的人能达到目标的思想。故选A。【强重难词】1. statue n.塑像2. sculptors n. 雕刻家3. brighten vi. 明亮；变亮；活跃；快乐高兴vt. 使闪亮；使生辉；使快乐高兴4. in an admirable manner以令人钦佩的方式5. a shade of apology一丝歉意6. a talented young woman一个有天赋的年轻女性7. bony fingers纤瘦的手指【析长难句】1. Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure would not exhaust
23、 my strength-and that is what I intend to do!”【解析】本句中的Making a full-length clay是动名词做主语，what引导的是表语从句。【译文】做一个完整的泥人不会耗尽我的力气而这正是我想做的!”【仿写】_2. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”【解析】本句中的if引导的是条件状语从句，从
24、句使用了虚拟语气；主句中的while引导的是时间状语从句。【译文】“如果我把我的粘土带来这里，每天下午工作三个小时，我可以在你在书桌旁办公的时候完成大部分项目。”【仿写】_3. “Ive heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well. 【解析】本句中的heard 后面是that引导的是宾语从句，found you charming and intelligent是“find sb. adj.宾语补足语的结构【译文】我听说你是个很有才华的年轻女子，我
25、觉得你既迷人又聪明。【仿写】_Passage 2【2020全国新高考II山东卷】Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn
26、a bachelors degree. Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition（学费）, because there was no ex
27、tra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling. Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doi
28、ng something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her
29、family as she worked to car her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times. Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）to achieve her goal, giving up many n
30、ights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation gr
31、aduate and an inspiration to her family-and thats pretty powerful. 4. What did Jennifer do after high school? （ ）A. She helped her dad with his work. B. She ran the family farm on her own. C. She supported herself through college. D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home. 5. Why did Jennifer c
32、hoose the program at Ministry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield? （ ）A. To take care of her kids easily. B. To learn from the best nurses. C. To save money for her parents. D. To find a well-paid job there. 6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal? （ ）A. Her health. B. Her time with fami
33、ly. C. Her reputation. D. Her chance of promotion. 7. What can we learn from Jenifers story? （ ）A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers. C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success. 【答案】4. C 5. A6. B 7. C【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅
34、让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。4.C细节理解题。根据第二段的After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.(高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为
35、家里没有额外的钱。C. She supported herself through college.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法，故选C项。5.A细节理解题。根据第三段的She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Misnistry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to hel
36、p with her kids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子）可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A. To take care of her kids easily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。6.B细节理解题。根据最后一段的Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with he
37、r kids and missing important events to study.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B. Her time with family.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选B项。7.C推理判断题。根据最后一段的Through it all, she remind in good academic standing and graduated with honors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异
38、的成绩毕业)和However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and thats the pretty powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力
39、不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到：努力总会有回报。C. Hard work pays off.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。【固重难词】1. willpower n.意志力2. typical adj. 典型的；特有的；象征性的3. pursue vt. 继续；追求4. sacrifice n. 牺牲；祭品；供奉vt. 牺牲；献祭；亏本出售5. inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞；吸气；妙计6. set aside for专门留出时间做7. advance her career推进她的职业生涯8
40、. cover the bills支付账单9. earn a bachelors degree. 获得学士学位10. attend a local technical college参加当地的技术学校11. pay her tuition付学费12. achieve her goal实现目标【析长难句】1. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition（学费）, because there was no extra money set aside for a
41、college education. 【解析】本句含有一个because引导的原因状语从句，主句中的working为现在分词短语做状语。【译文】高中毕业后，詹妮弗进入了当地的一所技术学院，通过工作来支付学费，因为没有多余的钱供她上大学。【仿写】_2. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. 【解析】本句是个复合句，advance her career推进
42、她的职业生涯 while+doing做状语，she loves 为定语从句，修饰something【译文】她决定回到大学去发展自己的事业，并在做自己喜欢的事情护理的同时更好地支持她的家庭。【仿写】_3. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelors degree. 【解析】本句是主从复合句，其中when引导的是时间状语从句，graduated
43、 from是从毕业，to earn为动词不定式短语做后置定语，修饰the first in her large family。【译文】当詹妮弗从威斯康辛大学欧克莱尔毕业，成为她大家庭中第一个获得学士学位的人时，她的意志力终于开花结果了。【仿写】_4. Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. 【解析】本句中的to achieve.为动词不定式短语做目的状语，giving up. 和 missing i
44、mportant event为现在分词做伴随状语，to study为动词不定式做目的状语【译文】珍妮弗为了实现自己的目标做出很大的牺牲，她放弃了和孩子在一起的夜晚，错过了许多重要的活动。【仿写】_【真题详解】Part 3专题强化Passage 1【真题自测】【2018全国卷3】While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Perform
45、ing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture on February 28. He
46、is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style o
47、f the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.Wang collected more than 7 million aband
48、oned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).Wangs works show a deep understanding of modern archit
49、ecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. That is only evidence that traditions once existed, he
50、 said.Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, he said.Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories r
51、ather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are, said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.24Wangs winning of the prize m
52、eans that Chinese architects are _.Afollowing the latest world trendBgetting international recognitionCworking harder than ever beforeDrelying on foreign architects25What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?AIts hilly environment.BIts large size.CIts unique style.DIts diverse functio
53、ns.26What made Wangs architectural design a success?AThe mixture of different shapes.BThe balance of East and West.CThe use of popular techniques.DThe harmony of old and new.27What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?ASpread them to the world. BPreserve them at museums.CTeach the
54、m in universities. DRecreate them in practice.【答案】24B25C26D27D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。24推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得2012年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。故B项正确。25细节理解题。根据文章第四段对CAA校园的描述可知，它的设计风格独特，与大多数中国大学的校园很不同，许多游客感对复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感
55、到吃惊，故C正确。26细节理解题。根据文章第六段1995年普利策奖的获得者Tadao Ando的评语可知，王澍设计的成功之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两者的和谐，故D正确。27推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created可知，传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会是人工的和空的，故D正确。【点睛】根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作
56、出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。此题的第一小题和第四小题为推理判断题。第1题根据第二段第二句可知Wang Shu 获得2012年普利策奖，相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，再根据第三句他是第一个获此奖的中国人可知，中国建筑现在得到了国际认可，因得到认可才能获奖。此题的解题关键时根据原文的两个信息句进行的判断，而AC
57、D原文中没有提及。Passage 2【真题自测】【2016全国卷2】 A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurleys pictures would be outstandingundoubtedly first-rate photo-journalismif they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a d
58、isastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackl
59、eton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarcticas Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Cap
60、tain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scotts last journey, completed as he
61、 lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the worlds imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and stil
62、l photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.13What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?A. They were made last week.B. They showed undersea sceneries.C. They we
63、re found by a cameraman.D. They recorded a disastrous adventure.14Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?A. Frank Hurley. B. Ernest Shackleton.C. Robert Falcon Scott.D. Caroline Alexander.15What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?A. Artistic creation.B. Scientifi
64、c research.C. Money making. D. Treasure hunting.【答案】13D14C15C 【解析】试题分析：本文属于记叙文。讲述了Frank的图片记录了一次海难，文章介绍了与这次航海活动相关的具体内容。13D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck.”可知这些照片记录的是1914年左右发生的一次海难事故。故D项正确。14C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Captain Scott had reached
65、the South Pole.”可知第一个到达南极的是Captain Scott。故C项正确。15C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“. started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography”可知Alexander认为他的这次航行就是为了挣钱。故C项正确。【名师点睛】本文三题均考查了细节理解题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如第小题13中的A项“They were made last week”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据第二段第一句“Frank Hurleys
66、 pictures. undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalismif they had been made last week.”可知，如果这些照片是上周所拍，那么就会是一流的。实际上这些照片是1914年左右拍摄的。说明A项明显错误。干扰项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外，通常还有以下几种方式： 1. 张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。 2. 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，
67、造成句意的改变。 3. 无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。 考点：考查记叙文阅读Passage 3【新题模拟】（2021安徽黄山市高三期末） My 7-year-old daughter Leeny always has her nose in a book. She even took to reading in the car on the long drive to summer camp, which was where she lost the book. This is the first
68、lost library book in my life. My family has always been overeducated, but we were poor. I didnt own books. I borrowed books. However, my daughters have more books now than I owned my whole childhood, and I knowingly contribute to it by adding to the stacks(堆).So its probably my fault that when Leeny
69、 realized she had lost the book, she shrugged(耸肩). “Sorry. I cant find it,” she said. “Its only $ 20, right? Whats the big deal?”I felt the need to make her feel responsible for the book. She agreed to help me clean the chicken coop (笼子)in trade for my paying the library fine. I thought this idea wa
70、s very clever because cleaning the coop is some work I had been avoiding for months. It was summertime and dust floated in the air. But my girl, my animal-loving mini-me, thought shoveling chicken poop(铲鸡粪)was the most fun shed had on a Saturday morning in a long time. She didnt feel any of the emot
71、ions that punishment is supposed to introduce. In fact, she looked as if she might lose another on purpose in order to clean the coop again. I stood, somewhat dumbfounded, watching her.It took me a while to realize what had happened, why my punishment had failed so completely and why I didnt care. T
72、he fact is that I had Leeny help me clean the chicken coop. I was there, too, shoveling chicken poop, fetching the clean straw and feed. Leenys little sister, Vicki, was inside watching a cartoon while my husband paid bills. Only Leeny and I were outside. She had me all to herself for the first time
73、 since Vicki was born, and she was enjoying all the attention for once. I dont know what she learned about responsibility, but I found that I didnt care about the book any more. We bonded over that unpleasant job and spent quality time together: mother, daughter, and chicken poop.1How does Leeny fin
74、d reading?AIt is very challenging. BIt is better to be done in a library.CIt is full of enjoyment. DIt costs a large fortune.2The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refers to the fact that .Athe authors daughters own too many booksBthe authors daughter often lost library bookCthe author could never
75、 have enough books to readDthe author didnt own many books3How did the author feel after she saw Leenys cleaning work?AAshamed. BAstonished. CEmbarrassed. DUpset.4Whats the best title for the passage?AWhat I owe to Leeny: more attentionBMy daughter drove me crazy, but I felt gratefulCSurprise: my da
76、ughter loves cleaning chicken coopsDMy punishment failed, but I didnt care【答案】1C2A3B4D【分析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述作者以打扫鸡笼作为对女儿丢书的惩罚的故事。通过这次“惩罚”使作者和女儿共享了一次美妙的亲子时光。1推理判断题。根据第一段“My 7-year-old daughter Leeny always has her nose in a book. She even took to reading in the car on the long drive to summer camp. ”（我7岁的
77、女儿Leeny总是专心致志地看书。她甚至在去夏令营的途中看书）推测，Leeny很喜欢看书，对Leeny而言读书是一件很快乐、享受的事情。故选C项。2指代猜测题。根据第一段“However, my daughters have more books now than I owned my whole childhood, and I knowingly contribute to it by adding to the stacks. ”（然而，我的女儿们现在所拥有的书比我整个童年时期拥有的书都多。我明明知道她们有很多书了，还不断地为她们购置新书，增加她们的图书拥有量。）可知，it此处指代的是女
78、儿们拥有太多书的事实。故选A项。3观点态度题。根据第三段“I stood, somewhat dumbfounded, watching her.”（我站在那，有点惊讶地看着她。）可知，作者原本想以打扫鸡笼作为对女儿丢书的惩罚，没想到女儿干起这件苦差事来却乐在其中，这让作者觉得很惊讶。故选B项。4标题判断题。根据最后一段“I dont know what she learned about responsibility, but I found that I didnt care about the book any more.”（我不知道关于责任，她学到了什么。但是我发现我不再在意书了。）可
79、知，文章讲述了女儿丢书后，作者本想以打扫鸡笼作为惩罚，没想到女儿却乐在其中。作者对这件事进行了有益反思，打扫鸡笼让作者和女儿共享了一次美妙的亲子时光。虽然惩罚的计划落空了，但作者已不在意了。故选D项。Passage 4【新题模拟】（2021天津西青区高三期末）Betty and Harold have been married for years. But one-thing still puzzles old Harold. How is it that he can leave Betty and her friend Joan sitting on the sofa, talking,
80、go out to a ballgame, come back three and a half hours later, and theyre still sitting on the sofa?Talking? What in the world, Harold wonders, do they have to talk about?Betty shrugs(耸肩).Talk? Were friends.Researching this matter called friendship, psychologist Lillian Rubin spent two years intervie
81、wing more than two hundred women and men. No matter what their age, their job, their sex, the results were completely clear: women have more friendships than men, and the difference in the content and the quality of those friendships is “marked and unmistakable.”More than two-thirds of the single me
82、n Rubin interviewed could not name a best friend. Those who could were likely to name a woman. Yet three-quarters of the single women had no problem naming a best friend, and almost always it was a woman. More married men than women named their wife/husband as a best friend, most trusted person, or
83、the one they would turn to in time of emotional distress(痛苦).“Most women,” says Rubin, “identified at least one, usually more, trusted friends to whom they could turn in a troubled moment, and they spoke openly about the importance of these relationships in their lives.”“In general,” writes Rubin in
84、 her new book, “womens friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but mens relationships are marked by shared activities. ”“For the most part”, Rubin says, “interactions between men are emotionally controlled-a good fit with the social requirements of “manly behavior.”“Even whe
85、n a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “the two share little about their innermost feelings. While a womans closest female friend might be-the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble unti
86、l he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.”5What old Harold cannot understand or explain is the fact that : _Awomen have so much to shareBhe finds his wife difficult to talk toCwomen show little interest in ballgamesDhe is treated as an outsider rather than a husband6Rubins study
87、shows that for emotional support a married woman is more likely to turn to_.Aher parents Bher husband Ca male friend Da female friend7According to the passage, which type of behavior is NOT expected of a man by society?AGoing out to ballgames too often.BComplaining about his marriage trouble.CSpendi
88、ng too much time with his friends.DEnding his marriage without good reason.8Which of the following statements is best supported by the last paragraph?AMen keep their private feelings to themselves.BWomen depend on others in making decisions.Cwomen are more serious than men about marriage.DMen often
89、take sudden action to end their marriages.9The research done by psychologist Rubin centers around_.Aemotional problems in marriage Bhappy and successful marriagesCfriendships of men and women Dinteractions between men and women【答案】5A6D7B8A9C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了女性对于友谊和男性对于友谊不同的态度和做法。5细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Wh
90、at in the world, Harold wonders, do they have to talk about?（哈罗德想知道，他们到底要谈什么？）”可知，Harold不能理解她们到底有多少要聊的内容。故选A项。6推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Yet three-quarters of the single women had no problem naming a best friend, and almost always it was a woman. More married men than women named their wife/husband as a best fr
91、iend, most trusted person, or the one they would turn to in time of emotional distress(痛苦). “Most women,” says Rubin, “identified at least one, usually more, trusted friends to whom they could turn in a troubled moment, and they spoke openly about the importance of these relationships in their lives
92、.”（然而，四分之三的单身女性可以毫不犹豫地说出最好的朋友，而且几乎都是女性。与女性相比，更多的已婚男性将自己的妻子/丈夫视为最好的朋友、最信任的人，或者在情绪低落时可以求助的人。“大多数女性，”鲁宾说，“至少有一个，通常更多，值得信赖的朋友，她们可以在遇到麻烦的时候向他们倾诉，并且公开谈论这些关系在她们生活中的重要性。”）”可推断，已婚女性为了获得情感上的支持，更倾向于求助于女性朋友。故选D项。7推理判断题。根据文章第五段“For the most part, Rubin says, interactions between men are emotionally controlled-a
93、good fit with the social requirements of manly behavior.（在很大程度上，男人之间的交往在情感上是受控制的，这很符合“男子汉气概”的社会要求。）”和最后一段“While a womans closest female friend might be-the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble unti
94、l he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.(虽然一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉她离开一段失败的婚姻，但听到一个男人说直到他朋友有一天晚上出现问他，他才知道他朋友的婚姻陷入了严重的麻烦，这也并不罕见。)”可推断，社会不接受一个男人抱怨婚姻问题。故选B项。8细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “the two share little about their innermost feelings.
95、”（“即使一个男人被说成是最好的朋友，”鲁宾写道，“他们也很少分享内心深处的感受。”）”可知，男人总是把自己的感情藏在心里。故选A项。9细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Researching this matter called friendship, psychologist Lillian Rubin spent two years interviewing more than two hundred women and men.（为了研究这个叫做友谊的问题，心理学家莉莉安鲁宾花了两年时间采访了200多名男女。）”可知，鲁宾的实验围绕男性与女性的友谊为中心的。故选C项。Passage 5【新题
96、模拟】（2021天津西青区高三期末） Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory,for education was for the rich then.So, the world became his school.With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyo
97、nd his tiny hometown.Theres so much to learn, hed say.“Though were born stupid, only the stupid remain that way.”He was determined that none of his children would be denied(拒绝)an education.Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day.And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing wh
98、at we had learned.We would talk about the news of the day;no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly.Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment,always to the point.Then came the moment-the time to share the days new learning.Papa, at the head of the table, would push ba
99、ck his chair and pour a glass of red wine,ready to listen.Felice, “hed say,”tell me what you learned today.“learned that the population of Nepal is.”Silence.Papa was thinking about what was said, as if the salvation(拯救)of the world would depend upon it.“The population of Nepal.Hmm.Well.”hed say.“Get
100、 the map; lets see where Nepal is.” And the whole family went on a search for Nepal.This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn.Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.As children, we thought very.little about these education
101、al wonders.Our family,however,was growing together,sharing experiences and participating in one anothers education And by looking at us,listening to us, respecting our input, affirming(肯定)our value; giving us a sense of dignity, Papa -was unquestionably our most influential teacher.Later during my t
102、raining as a future teacher studied with some of the most famous educators.They were imparting(传授)what Papa had known all along-the value of continual learning.His technique has served me well all my life.Not a single day has been wasted, though I can never tell when knowing the population,of Nepal
103、might prove useful.10What do we know from the first paragraph?AThose born stupid could not change their life.BThe poor could hardly afford school education.CThe town elders wanted to learn about the world.DThe authors father was born in a workers family.11The underlined wordit in the second paragrap
104、h refers to“_”.Athe news Bthe request Cthe comment Dthe point12It can be learned from the passage that the author_.Aenjoyed talking about newsBknew very well about NepalCfelt regret about those wasted daysDappreciated his fathers educational technique13What is the greatest value of dinner time to th
105、e author?AShowing talents. BContinual learning.CFamily get-together. DWinning Papas approval.14The authors father can be best described as _.Aa wiseman willing to share his knowledgeBa parent insistent on his childrens educationCan educator expert at training future teachersDa teacher strict about e
106、verything his students did【答案】10B11A12D13B14B【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者的父亲虽然目不识丁，但非常重视对孩子的教育，要求他们每天学习新知识。10细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory,for education was for the rich then.”（爸爸是一个赤贫农民的儿子，很早就辍学到一家工厂工作，因为那时教育是富人的事。）可知，教育是夫富人的事情，穷人几乎负担不起学校教育
107、。故选B项。11词义猜测题。根据文章第二段第三句“We would talk about the news of the day;no matter how insignifican”（我们会谈论当天的新闻，无论多么微不足道的新闻）可知，这里的it代指上文的news，指的是他们每天谈论的新闻。故选A项。12推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二、三句“They were imparting(传授)what Papa had known all along-the value of continual learning.His technique has served me well all my l
108、ife.”（他们正在传授爸爸一直都知道的东西不断学习的价值。他的技术使我受益终生。）可知，作者父亲传递的坚持学习的思想，这种思想让作者在一生中受益匪浅，可见作者对父亲的教育理念是心存感激的。故选D项。13推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句“Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day.And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned.”（因此，爸爸坚持我们每天至少要学一件新东西。晚餐时间似乎很适合分享我们所学到的东西。）和最后一段第二句
109、“They were imparting(传授)what Papa had known all along-the value of continual learning.”（他们正在传授爸爸一直都知道的东西不断学习的价值。）可知，对作者来说，“晚餐时间”最大的价值是爸爸坚持每天学习新东西，及不断学习的价值。故选B项。14推理判断题。根据文章“Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day.And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned.”（因此，爸爸坚持我们每天至少要学一件新东西。晚餐时间似乎很适合分享我们所学到的东西。）可知，作者的爸爸是一位坚持每天让孩子学习一件新东西，是一位坚持对孩子教育的家长。故选B项。