1、Unit4 Astronomy：the science of the stars词汇篇_要求学生掌握本单元的重点单词、重点短语、重要词汇辨析并能熟练应用。一、 重点短语1.in time 及时；终于2. lay eggs下蛋3. give birth to 产生；分娩4. in ones turn 轮到某人；接着5. prevent. from 阻止；制止6. block out 挡住（光线）7. cheer up 感到高兴,感到振奋8. now that 既然；因为9. break out 突发；爆发10. watch out密切注视,当心二、 词义辨析1. collide属正式用词，常与不
2、及物动词，可与with搭配，其名词为collisioncrash属普通用词，可作名词、及物动词和不及物动词，作不及物动词时常与介词into搭配2. break out指灾难性的事件，如战争、火灾、疾病等的爆发happen强调事件发生的偶然性come about常指不受控制的事情的发生，相当于。常用句型：How does/did it come about? 是怎样发生的？3.lie, lie , lay 的区别如下:动词形式 第三人称单数过去式过去分词现在分词中文释义lieliesliedliedlying撒谎；谎话lielieslaylainlying躺；位于laylayslaidlaidl
3、aying放置；下蛋三、要点梳理1. in time及时；终于；迟早；最后on time准时；按时in no time 立即；马上at a time依次；每次；逐一at one time曾经；一度at no time从不at the same time同时in time for刚好赶上2.atmosphere(n.)大气层；空气；气氛atmosphere作为“大气层、大气”讲时常与定冠词the搭配；作“气氛、氛围”讲时常与不定冠词搭配；作先行词时，其后的定语从句如果缺少状语，引导词用where，如果缺少宾语或主语用that或which。3. harmful (adj.)有害的harmless
4、(adj.)无害的harm (n.)伤害，损害 ssful(adj.)2222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222 be harmful to=do harm to对有害 do more harm than good弊大于利 There is no harm in doing sth. =It does no harm to do sth.不妨做某事；做某事没坏处 mean no harm无恶意4. vt.+i
5、t+adj./n.+(for sb./sth.) to do sth.在这个句型中，形容词或名词作宾语补足语，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语，也可以是动名词短语或that从句。可用于该句型的动词通常有make，think，consider， find ，feel， judge等 E.g. I dont think it worthwhile going to such a place.到这样一个地方去，我看是不值得的。5. multiply (v.)乘以；乘；迅速增加；（使）繁殖 multi-为一前缀形式，意为“多个，许多”常构成名词和形容词multicultural (adj.
6、)多元文化的multimedia (adj.)多媒体的；使用媒体的(n.)多媒体multinational (adj.)跨国的；涉及多国的multiparty (adj.)多党派的6. exist (vi.)存在；生存 existence (n.)存在，生存existon 靠生存，生活in existence现存；现有come into existence出现；开始存在7. thus (adv.)这样；以此方式；因此；从而“thus+分词短语”常置于句末作结果状语，翻译时常用“因而”、“所以”、“于是”、“便”等词语。这种分词短语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，通常是前面的整个句子，因而它的作用相当
7、于一个非限制性定语从句。E.g. Some new machines were installed in our factory, thus resulting in an increase in production.我们的工厂安装了一些新机器，因而增加了产量。8. in ones turn轮到某人；接着in turn依次，轮流；相应地；转而 take turns in doing /to do sth.轮流做某事on the turn即将变化 give sb. a turn使大吃一惊 the turn of the century世纪之交E.g. When it was in my tur
8、n, I was too excited to speak.当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。9. prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事(在主动句中from可以省略，被动句中不可省略)keep sb. from doing sth.（from不可省略） protect from 保护免遭10. puzzle(vt.)&(vi.)（使）迷惑；（使）为难；(n.)难题；谜 puzzle over/over sth.苦苦思索，仔细琢磨 be puzzled about /as to对感到迷惑a puzzled look/expression迷惑的表情
9、a crossword puzzle纵横字谜puzzled (adj.)（感到）迷惑不解的，常用来修饰人puzzling (adj.)令人迷惑不解的，常用来修饰事物11.crash(vi.)&(vt.)碰撞；坠落 air crash飞机失事crash into撞在上12. block out挡住；遮住（光线或声音）；忘掉；抹去（不愉快的事情） block in画（某物）的草图block off封锁，封闭（道路）block up塞住，封住（孔，洞）block ones way挡住某人的去路13.pull(n.)&(vt.)拉（力）；拖；牵引力pull back撤退pull ahead抢先；领先p
10、ull in（车）进站停靠pull out驶离车站pull over把（车）开到路边pull up使车停止，停下pull down 拆毁，拆掉（建筑物）pull through（使）恢复健康14. cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋 cheerful (adj.)快乐的，高兴的 cheers（用于祝酒）干杯cheer sb. on为某人加油；鼓劲 give a cheer欢呼起来15. 倍数表达法倍数表达方式：“A +be+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as +B”表示“A是B的多少倍”“A +be+倍数+as+形容词或副词的比较级+than +B”表示“A比B大多少倍”“A +be+倍数+
11、the size/height/length/width,etc.+of +B”，表示“A是B的大小/高度/长度/宽度等多少倍”16.now that既然常见的表示原因的连词：in that因为，原因是seeing that由于，因为17. break out（战争、火灾、疾病等）突发；爆发 break away (from)脱离；突然挣脱 break through突围，突破；克服break sth. up拆开；打散；结束（关系等）break in强行进入break into强行闯入；突然开始break off断开；中断break down出故障；垮掉18. watch out for当心；
12、提防；密切注意 watch out=look out当心，小心watch out for=look out for当心、提防 Watch it! 小心！留神！watch over sb./sth.照管某物/照顾某人 keep watch守护，监视 on watch值班watch the clock盯着钟表watch the time注意时间watch the world go by闲看人来人往19. depend on sb =rely on / count on sb./believe in sb./trust (in) sb. 信任/依赖某人It (all) depends 看情况而定20
13、. 与get相关的短语:get along 相处融洽, 进展等get down to 开始认真对待, 考虑get on 上车get through 到达; 通过; 办完, get to 到达1.（2014河北衡水中学调研）The hotel is always full of people because it offers a lovely relaxed_ and personal service.A. appearanceB. adventureC. amountD. atmosphere解析：根据句意“该酒店总是住满了人，因为它提供了一种美好轻松的气氛以及个性化的服务。”appeara
14、nce外表；adventure冒险；amount数量；atmosphere气氛，氛围；根据句意可知atmosphere符合句意。答案：D。2.(2014山西康杰中学月考)Nobody was clear about how exactly he had managed to_such a large amount of money in such a short time.A. increaseB. accumulateC. multiplyD. commit解析：根据句意“没有人清楚他到底是怎样在这么短的时间内攒这么多钱的。”increase增加；accumulate积攒；multiply乘
15、；commit犯罪；根据句意可知accumulate符合句意。答案：B。3.(2014安徽)My good performance in the job interview left me _ about my future and about what I can do here.A. puzzledB. sensitiveC. optimisticD. embarrassed解析：根据句意“我在求职面试中的优异表现让我对我的未来和在这里可以做的工作感到乐观。”puzzled困惑的；sensitive敏感的；optimistic数量；optimistic乐观的；embarrassed困窘的，
16、局促不安的；根据句意可知optimistic符合句意。答案：C。4.(2014江苏无锡月考)Mr. Browns condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will_.A. pull backB. pull upC. pull through D. pull out解析：根据句意“布朗先生的病情看起来非常严重，他是否会恢复值得怀疑。”pull back撤退；pull up使车停止；pull through使恢复健康；pull out驶离车站； 根据句意可知pull through符合句意。答案：B。5.(2014安徽)-I ge
17、t at least half an hour of exercise almost every day.-Oh great! _.A. Good luck B. Cheer upC. Same to you D. Keep it up解析：根据句意“我几乎每天至少锻炼半小时。哦，太棒了！坚持下去。”Good luck 祝你好运；Cheer up振奋起来；Same to you你也一样；Keep it up 坚持下去；根据句意可知Keep it up符合句意。答案：D。基础演练根据汉语提示或首字母提示用本部分所学的单词填空1. Ais the scientific study of the s
18、un, the moon, the stars and so on.2.The project cost us more than one _（十亿）dollars.3. The a at home was rather tense.4.His_（根本的）mistake was to rely too much on other people.5.O_ is a gas that is present in air and water.6.Man-made _ （卫星）are used for sending and receiving messages.7.Anything that is
19、dropped falls towards the centre of the earth because of the pull of _ （重力）.8. Global warming and _（气候）change problems are perhaps the two greatest threats to our planet.9.She was unbelievably _（温和的）with him during his illness.10. A rare virus just attacked my computer s_, so it has broken down.11.
20、The _ (puzzle) look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I had said.12. Not a few _ (violence) scenes had been cut from the film before it came to show.13. Smoking can be _ (harm) to your health.14. Five _ (multiply)by four equals twenty.15. The naughty boy_ (lie) to me that the hen had_
21、(lay) three eggs the day before.Keys:1. Astronomy 2. billion 3.atmosphere 4. fundamental 5. Oxygen 6. satellites7. gravity 8. climate 9. gentle10. system 11.puzzled 12.violent13.harmful 14.multiplied 15.lied;laid巩固提高选择适当的单词填空1.Buddhism is one of the worlds_ and one of its famous _buildings in China
22、is the PotalaPalace in Tibet.(religions;religious)2.This girl looked very much_her mother.However,_the girl of her age, she dreamed of becoming a physicist. (unlike; like)3. Some dinosaurs were very large but_. Young dinosaurs were treated very _until they become adults. (gently; gentle) 4. I didnt
23、know his _until today. He cant _on the money he is earning and has to beg from door to door.(exist; existence)5. Her _look on her face suggested she didnt understand the _problem.(puzzling; puzzled)Keys:1. religions;religious2.like; unlike3.gentle; gently4.existence; exist;5.puzzled;puzzling一、用所给词的适
24、当形式填空1. Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into _ (exist)2. His advice prevented me from_ (make) a serious mistake.3. There wereseveral _ (theory) about the way in which the first started.4. I felt _ (physical) sick before the exam.5. Beautiful music came_ (float) out of
25、 the window.二、用所给短语补全句子cheer up, give birth to, break out, in turn, block out, now that, depend on, watch out for, preventfrom ,in time1. If you keep on learning English, youll be able to speak it quite fluently_.2. The expected storm _us _climbing the mountain.3. The good news of our football team
26、winning the game _everybody.4. _everyone agrees to my plan,lets start tomorrow. 5. Whether our experiment will be successful _whether we are patient enough.6. Mrs. White _a healthy baby at her late thirties.7. The staff were asked _fake bank credit cards.8. It was almost midnight when the fire _in t
27、he neighborhood.9. He asked each of us _to describe how alcohol had affected our lives. 10. A heavy curtain was put up to _ the night.Keys:一、用所给词的适当形式填空1. existence 2.making 3.theories 4. physically 5.floating二、用所给短语补全句子1. in time 2. prevented; from3. cheered up 4. Now that5. depends on 6. gave birt
28、h to7. to watch out for 8. broke out9. in turn 10. block out_一、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。First, reading books 1 (be) fun. You can always keep yourself 2 (interest) and it can help you have an enjoyable time if you like reading. This is especially useful when the weather is bad. It
29、is a(n) 3 (relax) hobby too.Next, you can read a book anywhere: in a car, on a plane, in bedeven in the bath. 4 you need is a book! Reading is a convenient hobby as it is easy to stop and start again.Another good reason for reading books is 5 it is useful. If you read as a hobby you 6 (get) better a
30、nd better at it. This means that you will read faster and become 7 (good) at understanding what you read. As your reading improves, you will probably find your schoolwork becomes much easier. Many school subjects depend 8 good reading and, as you read you learn more and more.Good readers are most li
31、kely to be good 9 (write), too. They are usually good at 10 (spell) as well, and have more things to write about. Reading books is really a wonderful hobby.二、短文改错（共10处）My father was the biology professor. When I was young, he was used to take me to the biology lab, there I saw mice, cats and other a
32、nimals. My father also influenced me through nature walks. He often took me on a walk in the backyard. We would catch frogs, snakes and bird. He seemed know everything about wildlife. Eighteen years later, think about my father and his influence on my life, I feel very luckily. I am grateful that I
33、got the chance to learn from her. He helps me develop my interest in all that was alive and sometimes dead around me. 三、阅读理解Dear Humane Society,I was watching the news last night and saw the report about the rescue(营救 ) of a group of puppies that had been abandoned(遗弃) near the freeway. Being an ani
34、mal lover, I was shocked by their owners behavior. But I was excited to hear that you were holding a letter writing contest to place the puppies for adoption(收养) to good homes. I asked my parents to let me apply to adopt one of those puppies. Fortunately, my parents also love animals and gave me per
35、mission.Any one of these puppies would be welcome in my home. This puppy would have a friendly “brother” with our own dog, Harry. We have a big backyard with lots of room for them to run and play and a doggy door for them to come in when they need shelter. Our new family member would benefit from re
36、gular trips to the vet for care and to groomer(美容师) to keep up a fashionable appearance. Since I would be the main care giver, I want you to know that I am a very responsible person with lots of experience taking care of pets. I would make sure of following through with their daily care, including e
37、verything from feeding to walking.Out of all of the things I can provide for this puppy, the most important gift is LOVE. This little guy or girl would be a member of a family full of love. This love is not only for little members, but it goes on forever. I hope you will consider all the reasons why
38、 we should be able to adopt one of these puppies. Our home would be a paradise for this puppy after its miserable（痛苦的） start in life and would be blessed by its new member. Hopefully yours, Micah Plum 1. Last night Micah Plum had the news that _.A. he won the letter writing contestB. his parents fou
39、nd some lost puppiesC. some abandoned puppies needed adoptingD. some abandoned puppies found their home2. Micah wrote the second paragraph mainly to show_. A. Harry is also an abandoned puppy B. Harry lives a happy life in his house C. his parents allowed him to adopt a puppy D. the puppy would be t
40、aken good care of in his house3. According to the letter, what will Micah do for the puppy? A. Walk it. B. Groom it. C. Buy it a “brother”. D. Fix a doggy door.4. The underlined word “paradise” in the last paragraph refuses to “the place without_”. A. love B. hope C. help D. unhappiness5. This text
41、is a letter of _. A. thanks B. request C. support D. introductionKeys:一、语法填空1.is2.interested3.relaxing 4. What5.that 6.will get 7.better8. on9.writers 10.spelling二、短文改错1.the-a2. was used去掉“was”3. there-where 4. on-for5. bird-birds6. seemed 后加“to”7. think-thinking8. luckily-lucky 9. her-him 10.helpshelped三、阅读理解1-5 CDADB