1、专题十四书面表达说明类 （90分钟 95分）考点01：冠词 3颗星考点02：代词 3颗星考点03：介词和介词短语 2颗星考点04: 名词 3颗星 考点05：主谓一致 5颗星考点06：形容词和副词 5颗星考点08：非谓语动词 5颗星考点09：动词的时态和语态 5颗星考点10：定语从句 3颗星考点13 状语从句 3颗星考点14 特殊句式 2颗星考点32: 书面表达说明文5颗星一、语法填空1阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 You may like reading novels for fun. But you need to get (organize) i
2、f you are reading a novel for school. Here (be)a few tips. First, pay attention to characters. What do they do in the novel? What do they want? Everything is about a character can help us to understand him, from his (appear) to the kind of food he eats. Besides, the order of the story and the plot a
3、re (equal) important. Make sure that as you read, you make quick note of what happens in each chapter. This will help you bring the things you have noticed about the character, setting, language and so on together. Its also an enormous help for you to retell the story after you have read it. Next, t
4、hemes. They are ideas that a novel explores. is a must to get the hang of the theme if you want to fully appreciate the novel. Perhaps love is a major theme, or justice, or (survive). Furthermore, novels are made up language. Writers use language in a special way (make) their novels work. They may u
5、se metaphors, invent symbols, or show different characters personalities through their speech styles.2.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)_a meth
6、od of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side_(effect) such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required_(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several
7、other bodily functions. When fat and salt_(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As_result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even_(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food _(be) full of fat and salt; by_(eat) mor
8、e fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be_(care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of bo
9、th,_is not good for the health.3.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country _(grow)more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat i
10、s _(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water _rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This swi
11、tch has decreased _(pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _(globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _
12、(start) a soil-testing program _gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _(feed) its citizens offers useful
13、lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide. says the banks Juergen Voegele.二、书面表达4假如你是李华,你的美国笔友Jay的父亲因工作调动要到你所在的城市工作,他们计划搬至你所在的小区居住,Jay写信向你询问小区的情况,请你根据以下提示给他回信:1.表示欢迎;2.你所在的小区适宜居住的理由(至少两条)注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Dear Jay,Best wishes!Yours,Li Hua5.假如你叫李华,寒假期间你去英国伦敦旅游,你的英国朋友Philip
14、热情地帮助了你。回国后,你打算用英语给他发一封e-mail表示感谢,并邀请他暑假时来天津旅游。要点:1.伦敦的泰晤士(the Thames)和大本钟(Big Ben)等景点给你留下了深刻印象,希望再次访问伦敦;2.天津历史悠久,有著明的独乐寺(Dule Temple)、黄崖关长城(the Great Wall in County Ji )、石家大院(Shi Mantions)等众多名胜古迹;3.天津有很多美食,欢迎来品尝。注意:1.短文内容应包含以上全部信息,可适当补充以使行文连贯。2.词数不少于100。开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。Dear Philip,_ I look forward
15、to seeing you in Tianjin.Yours,Li Hua参考答案 一、语法填空答案： organized; are; that; appearance; equally; a; It; survival; of; to make解析： 本文作者就阅读小说给了一些建议,在读小说过程中要注意人物形象、故事顺序和情节、主题和语言。1、organized考查动词。句意:如果你读小说你需要有条理。此处是get+过去分词结构表示状态,故填organized.2、are考查动词。句意:这有一些建议。tips是复数形式与之对应,故填复数形式are.3、that考查定语从句。句意:关于主人公的
16、一切都能帮助我们理解他。因为先行词是不定代词Everything,引导词只能用that,故填that.4、appearance考查名词。句意:关于主人公的一切都能帮助我们理解他,从他的外貌到他吃的食物。根据his此处要用appear的名词形式,故填appearance.5、equally考查副词。句意:此外,故事的顺序和情节也是同等重要的。此处修饰形容词important要用副词形式,故填equally.6、a考查冠词。句意:确保你读的时候,把每章中发生的事快速做笔记。此处note是可数名词,make a quick note指快速做笔记。故填a.7、It考查it的用法。此处it做形式主语,真
17、正的主语是不定式to get the hang of the theme。句意:如果你想充分欣赏小说,掌握小说的主题是非常必要的。故填it.8、survival考查名词。句意:或许爱、正义或生存是小说永恒的主题。此处和前面的major theme, justice并列,要用survive的名词形式,故填survival.9、of考查固定短语。be made up of“由组成”,句意:此外,小说由语言构成。根据句意和固定短语填of.10、to make考查不定式。句意:作者以特殊的方式运用语言使自己的作品起作用。此处是不定式表目的,故填to make.2.答案：as; effects; to
18、process; are removed; a; worse; is; eating; careful; which解析：as 考查介词。句意:这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“做为,以身份”,故填as。effects 考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”,根据前文的some可知“副作用side effect”有很多,故填effects。to process 考查不定式。句意:他们被要求加工食物require表示“要求”,require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”,被动形式为“sb. be required to
19、do sth.”表示“某人被要求做某事”。故填to process。are removed考查被动语态。句意:当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉,分析可知fat,salt和move之间是被动关系,脂肪和盐分是被人民去掉,所以用被动语态。故填are removed。a 考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”,句意结果,人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。worse 考查比较级。句意更糟糕的是,人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。is 考查主谓一致。句意快餐食物中充满了脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”,表示一类食物,为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。eat
20、ing 考查动名词。句意通过吃更多的快餐,人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词,所以填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。careful 考查形容词。句意然而,注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词做表语,故填careful。which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐,那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。3.答案：has grown; the; actua
21、lly; to improve; than; pollution; global; started; that/which; feeding本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认识的认可。考查时态。since加时间点,主句要用现在完成时。句意:2011年以来,中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。考查冠词。句意:玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%,而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。考查副词。句意:对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整,用副词修饰句子。故填actually。考查非谓语动词。句意
22、:为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages,故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的,故用不定式。故填to improve。考查连词。句意:玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知,填比较连词。故填than。考查词性转换。句意:这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语,故填pollution。考查词性转换。句意:中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语,故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。考查谓语动词。句意:在2005年
23、政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句,由于时间是2005年,故用过去时。故填started。考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知,该空缺少主语,指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。考查省略句。句意:中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作,while后面省略掉了China is,省略句的原则:在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、,让步状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时,那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。
24、故填feeding。点睛:学会分析句子成分。The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government started a soil-testing program which /that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 这句话中有两个定语从句。一个是关系副词when引导的定语从句,先行词是2005,the g
25、overnment是主语,a soil-testing program是宾语,故此空缺少谓语动词,我们可以看出时态是一般过去时。另一个是关系代词指代program引导的定语从句,先行词是program,gives是第三人称谓语动词,可以看出是考查关系词。代指物并作主语,关系词要用that/which。二、书面表达答案： Dear Jay,I was so pleased to receive your letter the other day. I am even happier to hear that you and your family will be moving to our ne
26、ighborhood next month.You are really going to enjoy staying in my neighborhood. It is a wonderful, peaceful area with a lot of greenery and open spaces to play in. And people in my neighborhood are friendly and easy-going. Besides, the houses are beautiful and I hold the belief that your parents wil
27、l find the house to their taste. And the roads are well-maintained and kept clean. Last, there are many nice shops where we can shop together. You will definitely be happy here.Best wishes!Yours,Li Hua5.答案：Dear Allen, Thank you very much for your help while I was in London during my winter vacation.
28、 I had a good time there and I was impressed with the famous sights of London, like the Thames River and Big Ben. The Thames River was very beautiful and Big Ben was bigger than I had imagined. I was very excited to see them and I hope tovisit London again. In turn, Id like to invite you to come to
29、visit Tianjin some day. Tianjin is also a beautiful city with a long history. Its full of places of interest, such as the Dule Temple, the Great Wall in County Ji, Shi Mantions and so on. When you come, I will show you around. I believe you will have a good time here. I look forward to seeing you in Tianjin.Yours,Li Hua
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