1、解密15 词义猜测题序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1. 真题对点析1. 对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。【备考建议】 根据高考对词义猜测题的要求，考生应该注意运用释义法、对比法、相似法、语境推断法及构词推断法解答此类题，并在复习中应该从以下几方面做起：1.根据阅读材料所提供的信息，
2、结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词，在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。2.猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，注意通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词 义的具体内容。3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用逻辑关系梳理法、递向寻踪法理清人物及事物 之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。4.注意其【设问形式】1. The underlined word in the second(third) paragraph refers to(means) _.2. By saying that in the first(second) paragraph, the
3、 author means that _.3. In paragraph , can be replaced by _.4. The meaning of in paragraph is related to _.5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to(paragraph)?6. The underlined sentence in the paragraph probably means that _.Part 2对点解密【考点精准说】1-相似法利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现
4、与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。【真题对点析】1（2020浙江高考真题） .The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally dont flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rus
5、h hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9:33am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.That is by design. Bellevue, a fast
6、-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work an
7、d home.17What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?AIncreased length of green lights.BShortened traffic signal cycle.CFlexible timing of traffic signals.DSmooth traffic flow on the road.【答案】C指代猜测题。That位于第二段句首，应是指代第一段的内容。根据第一段内容尤其是第一段最后一句“Just like the traffic itself, the timing of
8、 the signals changes.(就像交通本身一样，信号灯的时间也会变化)”可知，第一段主要讲述的是信号灯的时间会灵活变化；“That is by design.”意为“那是有意为之”，由此可推知，That指代第一段中“信号灯的灵活时间”。故选C项。【对点模拟练】1Fermats Last Theorem（定理）, first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest
9、 mathematical minds, including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. 65. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?
10、A. To encourage people to raise questions. B. To cause difficulty in understanding. C. To provide a person with an explanation. D. To limit peoples imagination.【答案】B【解析】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。【考点精准说】2-对比法利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系
11、的词（组）猜测词义。对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。表示对比的信号词有yet, but, while, though, however, otherwise, on the one hand.on the other hand, for one thing.for another thing, instead of等
12、。【真题对点析】2（2020全国高考真题）According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), its
13、the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.14What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?ABig eaters.BOverweight persons.CPicky eaters.DTall thin persons.【答案】D【分析】词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people
14、who order large portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people正好相反。故选D。【对点模拟练】2A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle ; it can be a basket of fun, according to Bet
15、h Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. 74. What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean? A. A party designed by specialists. B. A plan requiring careful thought. C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble. D. A demand made by guests.【答案】C【解析】根据前句的否定doesnt与后句的肯定can be这
16、一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty, trouble相近。答案为C。【考点精准说】3-释义法有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。常见的词有：mean, that is, in other words, for example, for instance, such as.【真题对点析】3（2020江苏高考真题） For tho
17、se who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and
18、exercise might affect general health.9The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “_”.Adigest the meal easilyBmanage without breakfastCdecide wisely what to eatDeat whatever is offered【答案】B词句猜测题。根据下文working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eat
19、ing first可知，早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康更有益，因此推断这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推断划线词与B项“不吃早饭能应付”意思相近。故选B。【对点模拟练】3“Organic produce is always better, ” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides (农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally (本地)grown and se
20、asonal, so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.62. What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text?A. Growing
21、interest in organic food.B. Better quality of organic food.C. Rising market for organic food.D. Higher prices of organic food.【答案】A【解析】由Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying something可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像Gold一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。【考点精准说】4-语境推断法任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整
22、整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。1根据对比关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。例如：A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket
23、of fun.What does the underlined word hassle (paragraph 1) probably mean?A. a party designed by specialistsB. a plan requiring careful thoughtC. a situation causing difficulty or troubleD. a demand made by guests根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。2根据比较关系猜测词义同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。
24、表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。例如：Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是健谈的。3根据因果关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。例如：I feel that since you are my super
25、ior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .The word presumptuous in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to _ .Afull of respectBtoo confident and rudeClacking in experienceDtoo shy and quiet根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（既然你是我的上司），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：冒失的，放肆的意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做
26、会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves.根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：修剪（树枝等）的意思。4根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。例如：William Shakespeare said. The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and
27、ill together.The underlined word mingled in the last paragraph most probably means .Asimple Bmixed Csad Dhappy句中good and ill together 更具体地说明了 a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：混合的，交织的，答案是：B。Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is yes, according to the researchers
28、 at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers.根据and three other medical centers 这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Johns Hopkins 是一家医疗中心。【真题对点析】4 （2019江苏卷）In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone
29、 before:he couldnt find the parks volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature thats what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldnt find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of
30、 the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high
31、. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is，however，a second les known type of volcano that doesnt involve mountain buildi
32、ng. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole，the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type，but Christiansen couldnt find the caldera anywhere.Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking pho
33、tographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera; almost the whole park-2
34、.2 million acreswas caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles acrossmuch too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.60. What does the underlined word bl
35、ow-up in the last paragraph most probably mean？ A. Hot-air balloon.B. Digital camera. C. Big photograph.D. Birds view.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。讲述了二十世纪六十年代Bob Christiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。【答案】C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句Just at this time NAS
36、A decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors centers.可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中
37、的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。故可知，此处意为将照片放大，选C。【对点模拟练】4.She became stern with Poppy.“Youre foolish, Poppy,” she said. “I have my pride,” Poppy answered. “False pride,” she hurled（斥责）back at him.3. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “stern” in paragraph 5?A. patientB. angryC
38、. respectfulD. afraid. 【答案】B 【解析】词义猜测题。下文“Youre foolish, Poppy,” she said. “I have my pride,” Poppy answered. “False pride,” she hurled（斥责）back at him.意思是“你真傻，Poppy”她说。“我有我的骄傲，” Poppy回答。“错误的骄傲，”她狠狠地回击他。由此可知She became stern with Poppy.意思是她对Poppy很生气。“stern”意思是生气的，A. patient有耐心的；B. angry生气的；C. respectf
39、ul尊敬的；D. afraid.害怕的，故选B。【考点精准说】4-构词推断法阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能的，可的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。1根据前缀猜测词义例如：Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?根据词根educationa
40、l （教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：男女同校教育的意思。2根据后缀猜测词义例如：Its a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on Englands most southerly point后缀 -ise/ize意思是使成为；使化，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：未被商业化的。3根据复合词的各部分猜测词义例如：Go
41、od tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是设计精巧的意思。We live in a technological societ
42、y where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists.根据合成词中的mass（大量的）和produce（生产），我们可以推测 mass-produce的意思是：大批量生产；规模生产的意思。【真题对点练】5（2020北京高考真题） Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms (算法) carry out hu
43、ge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for whic
44、h the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change. 5What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph I probably mean?AEnormous in quantity.BChangeable daily.CStable in quality.DPresent everywhere.【答案】D词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句后面的For example, algorithms (
45、算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another(例如，算法在我们的金融市场上进行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，我们的智能手机正在从一种语言翻译成另一种语言)可知，人工智能在我们生活中用处十分广泛。由此推知，划线词所在句意为“某些形式的人工智能确实正在变得无处不在”，即划线词与D
46、选项“Present everywhere.(在任何地方存在)”意思接近。故选D项。【对点模拟练】5Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when theyre being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.” 70. The underlined word “outcome
47、” in the last paragraph most probably means _.A. value B. result C. performance D. connection【答案】B【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组come out 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。Part 3强化集训【真题模测】Passage1（2020海南高考真题）The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an abs
48、ence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of forbidden fruit that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol. I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit. Please bring that pistol to me, I said. Im going to put it in my Grandmas Box.Whats that? they asked
49、. Its a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren, I replied, You dont have grandchildren, someone said.I dont now. I replied. But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them.My imaginary Grandmas Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes. stu
50、dents would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken awaysince I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging. The-years went by, and my first g
51、randchild Gordon was born. I shared my joy with that years class. Then someone said, Now you can use your Grandmas Box. From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the students would say, Thats okay. Put it in your Grandmas Box for Gordon.I loved talking about the imaginary box, no
52、t only with my students but also with my own children. They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I had collected. Then one Christmas I received a surprise gifta large, beautifully made wooden chest. My son Bruce had made my Grandmas Box a reality.1What was the authors purpose in having the
53、conversation with the students?ATo collect the water pistol.BTo talk about her grandchildren.CTo recommend some toys.DTo explain her teaching method.2What do the underlined words the offender in paragraph 8 refer to?AThe students parent.BThe maker of the Grandmas Box.CThe authors grandchild.DThe own
54、er of the forbidden fruit.3What did the students do after they learned about the birth of Gordon? AThey went to play with the baby.BThey asked to see the Grandmas Box.CThey made a present for Gordon.DThey stopped asking their toys back.4What can we infer about the author?AShe enjoys telling jokes.BS
55、he is a strict and smart teacher.CShe loves doing woodwork.DShe is a responsible grandmother【答案】1A2D3D4B【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想出了一个“奶奶的盒子”的办法。到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了，作者也在某一年圣诞节收到了儿子制作的大木箱，将“奶奶的盒子”变成了现实。1细节理解题。根据第一段中“I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with
56、 the various kinds of forbidden fruit that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.(在缺席了15年之后，我又回到了教书的地方，处理从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”。现在流行的是水枪)”以及第三段中“Please bring that pistol to me, I said. Im going to put it in my Grandmas Box.(“请把那支水枪给我，”我说。“我要把它放在我奶奶的盒子里。”)”由此可知，作者与学生进行对话的目的是收集水枪。故选A
57、。2词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“I would return the belonging”结合上文提到作者把学生带到学校的玩具称为“禁果”，且作者的“盒子”里装的就是“禁果”，所以作者等到这些禁果的拥有者在一天结束的时候出现，然后就会归还他们的物品。由此可知，划线词意思为“禁果的拥有者”。故选D。3细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the students would say, Thats okay. Put it in your Grandmas Box for Gordo
58、n.(从那时起，学生们不再来要求归还他们的财物，而是说：“没关系。把它放在你“奶奶给戈登的盒子”里)”由此可知，学生们在得知了戈登的出生后，他们不再索要玩具。故选D。4推理判断题。根据文章中作者要收集学生们从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”，说明作者对待学生很严格；同时作者又想出了“奶奶的盒子”这个的方法来收集学生们的玩具，说明作者很聪明，由此可推知，作者是一个严格而聪明的老师。故选B。Passage2（2019新课标全国卷III，B）For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration f
59、or Western creative.Its no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers, says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in
60、New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing t
61、hat there is huge interest in Chinese influences.China is impossible to overlook, says Hill. Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement. Of cou
62、rse, only are todays top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales, adds Hil.For Hill, it is impo
63、ssible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers, she says. China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talkin
64、g about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York? A. It promoted the sales of artworks.B. It attracted a large number of visitors.C. It showed a
65、ncient Chinese clothes.D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.25. What does Hill say about Chinese women?A. They are setting the fashion.B. They start many fashion campaigns.C. They admire super models.D. They do business all over the world.26. What do the underlined words taking on in paragraph 4
66、mean?A. learning fromB. looking down onC. working withD. competing against27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the WorldB. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkC. Differences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsD. Chinese Culture Fueling International
67、 Fashion Trends【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。24. B 【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第三段The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.（此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。）由此可知，纽约的展览吸引了许多参观者，故选B。25. A 【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第四段Chinese mod
68、els are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion-they are central to its movement . （中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美和时尚活动的代言人，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者她们是这场运动的核心。）由此可知，Hill说中国女性开创了新时尚，故选A。26. D 【解析】词义猜测题。下文and beat
69、ing them hands down in design and sales说并在设计和销售上击败他们。由此推断出上文Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs的意思是Vera Wang、Alexander Wang和Jason Wu正在与Galliano、Albaz和 Mare Jacobs竞争。taking on意思是“竞争”，故选D。27. D 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段china and its culture have long been an inspirat
70、ion for western creations.以及最后一段If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China - its influences , its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.（如果你今天谈论时尚，你谈论的是中国它的影响，它的方向，它令人惊叹的服装，以及年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。），结合全文内
71、容，可知这篇文章最恰当的题目是“中国文化助力国际时尚潮流”，故选D。Passage3(2019江苏卷，B)In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before, he couldnt find the parks volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yell
72、owstone was volcanic in nature thats what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldnt find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting
73、magma(岩浆)piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than
74、 half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is，however，a second les known type of volcano that doesnt involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leavin
75、g behind a vast hole，the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type，but Christiansen couldnt find the caldera anywhere.Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the par
76、k authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera; almost the whole park-2.2 million acreswas caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles acros
77、smuch too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.58. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone？A. Its complicated geographical features.B. Its ever-lastin
78、g influence on tourism.C. The mysterious history of the park.D. The exact location of the volcano.59. What does the second-paragraph mainly talk about？A. The shapes of volcanoes.B. The impacts of volcanoes.C. The activities of volcanoes.D. The heights of volcanoes.60. What does the underlined word b
79、low-up in the last paragraph most probably mean？A. Hot-air balloon.B. Digital camera.C. Big photograph.D. Birds view.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。讲述了二十世纪六十年代Bob Christiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。58. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句But Christiansen coul
80、dnt find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.可知，他困惑的是到处看不到火山。故选D。59. A 【解析】主旨大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选A。60. C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful
81、official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors centers.可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。故可知，此处意为将照片放大，选C。【新题模测】Passage1 Massive open online courses
82、(MOOCs) are making waves nowadays, and although its too soon to determine their final influence on the universities across the country and the world, they are sparking off a lively debate among educators and students.The first MOOC arrived on the scene back in 2011 when two Stanford teachers offered
83、 their artificial intelligence class online for free. Enrollment topped 160,000, and the unexpected success of the experiment encouraged other schools.Supporters believe making quality educational instruction available to the public will provide higher quality and lower cost for many, and might easi
84、ly be the best instructional model for the future. MOOCs can be attended by thousands or even hundreds of thousands of students at a time. In fact, Sebastian Thrun, one of the Stanford teachers who started it all, sees a day in which as few as 10 universities meet the worlds higher education needs.W
85、here MOOCs may provide quality instruction for many, detractors often see that very fact as its biggest failing. MOOCs dont offer any individualized training, and some educators feel using it as a for-credit standard in the future will leave some students behind. A common argument is that individual
86、ized, face-to-face teaching works best in many cases. The lively exchange of ideas can activate a classroom.Some find other aspects of MOOCs troubling. In the first MOOCs, plagiarism ( 剽 窃 ) was a problem and completion rates on the whole were low. This may have been because some students were curio
87、us about the format rather than focused on the study.How will MOOCs progress in the future? No one knows for sure, but the modem classroom may turn out to be a combination of the old and the new, with on-campus activities like labs, debates and online activities working with massive online offerings
88、 to provide a special learning experience thats cost-effective and convenient.32Which can best replace the underlined part in Paragraph 1?AWitnessing falling.BGaining wealth.CGetting recognition.DCausing arguments.33Whats the advantage of MOOCs according to supporters?AStudents can get unique traini
89、ng.BThe atmosphere can easily activate students.CIt offers an effective way to evaluate students.DStudents can get high-quality education at a low cost.34How will MOOCs advance in the authors view?ABy increasing its enrollment rates.BBy encouraging students participation.CBy involving more experimen
90、tal activities.DBy combining on-campus and online activities.35What can be the best title for the text?AWhen is MOOCs Get Noticed?BHow can MOOCs Develop so Fast?CIs MOOCs the Best Educational Model?DDo the Advantages Outweigh the Disadvantages?【答案】32D33D34D35C【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了MOOCS是远程网络教学的新模式，这一新型教学
91、方式的优缺点以及人们对它的不同看法。32词义猜测题。根据划线短语后“ and although its too soon to determine their final influence on the universities across the country and the world, they are sparking off a lively debate among educators and students.（尽管现在还无法确定它们对全国乃至全世界大学的最终影响，但它们已经在教育工作者和学生中引发了一场热烈的辩论。）”可知，MOOCs已经在教育工作者和学生中引发了一场热烈
92、的辩论，所以此处划线短语making waves的意思是“引起了争论”。故选D。33细节理解题。根据第三段“Supporters believe making quality educational instruction available to the public will provide higher quality and lower cost for many, and might easily be the best instructional model for the future.（支持者认为，让公众获得高质量的教育将为许多人提供更高的质量和更低的成本，并可能很容易成为未来
93、最好的教学模式。）可知，在支持者看来，MOOCs的优点是学生可以以较低的成本获得高质量的教育。故选D。34推理判断题。根据最后一段“ No one knows for sure, but the modem classroom may turn out to be a combination of the old and the new, with on-campus activities like labs, debates and online activities working with massive online offerings to provide a special lea
94、rning experience thats cost-effective and convenient.（没有人确切地知道MOOCs 在将来是否会进步，但是现代教室可能是新旧教室的结合，校园活动如实验室、辩论和在线活动与大量的在线产品一起提供一种成本效益高、方便的特殊学习体验。）可知，MOOC将校园活动和网络活动相结合，在将来会获得更大进步。故选D。35主旨大意题。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段第一句“Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are making waves nowadays,（如今，大规模在线开放课程(MOOCs)正在引起争论）”，第三段第一句“
95、Supporters believe making quality educational instruction available to the public （支持者认为应该向公众提供高质量的教育）和倒数第二段“Some find other aspects of MOOCs troubling.（一些人发现MOOCs的其他方面令人不安。）可知，本文主要探讨了MOOCs是否是最好的教育模式。故选C。Passage2Briunna was just 12 years old when her mother became severely ill, allowing her to know
96、what it was like to care for someone else. Although many members of her family were nurses, taking care of her mom was what influenced her the most and helped her decide to become a nurse.After she didnt get into UW-Eau Claires nursing program the first two times she applied, Briunna began exploring
97、 potential careers. She took several business classes, but quickly realized that business wasnt the right fit for her and her real passion was in nursing. She applied to nursing again, and finally started the nursing program in the fall of 2019.She was just months into her first semester as a nursin
98、g major when she hit the next bump in the road. In November 2019, Briunna became extremely ill, with symptoms ranging from difficult breathing to a high fever and a cough. Eventually, breathing became so difficult that she had to go to the emergency room therefore, Briunna could not attend classes t
99、he rest of the fall 2019 semester, focusing instead on regaining her mental and physical health.While Briunna was still in hospital, she already had connected with fellow nursing majors as well as professors, who worked closely with her to make sure she stayed on course. Those connections made all t
100、he difference when she was trying to stay on track to graduation despite her illness.In the spring, COVID-19 added additional obstacles（障碍）to her college journey, forcing her to find new ways to manage her time and keep herself motivated. Whats worse, she also was laid off from her part-time job whe
101、n stores closed, making it more difficult to pay for college.Despite all those obstacles, Briunna is on track to graduate with her nursing classmates in December 2021 and already is planning for what comes after she earns her bachelors degree in nursing.28What inspired Briunna to be a nurse?AHer int
102、erest in caring for others.BThe influence from nurses in her family.CHer part-time job in a local hospital.DThe experience of tending to her mother.29What does the underlined word “bump” in paragraph 3 mean?ADisease.BBarrier.CCrossing.DFailure.30How did Briumna stick to her nursing program during il
103、lness?ABy attending classes with the aid of her classmates.BBy seeking help from medical experts on the Internet.CBy communicating with her classmates and professors.DBy taking more courses than other nursing majors.31What can we learn from Briumnas story?AActions speak louder than words.BMany hands
104、 make light work.CNothing is difficult to a willing heart.DOne good turn deserves another.【答案】28D29B30C31C【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述Briunna的护理学习之路遇到的各种障碍，Briunna通过自己的坚持不懈也战胜了这些障碍。通过这个故事，我们学到世上无难事，只怕有心人。28细节理解题。根据第一段“Although many members of her family were nurses, taking care of her mom was what influenced he
105、r the most and helped her decide to become a nurse.（虽然她家里很多人都是护士，但照顾母亲对她影响最大，帮助她决定成为一名护士。）”可知，照顾母亲的经历让Briunna 决定成为一名护士。故选D。29词义猜测题。根据划线单词后一句“In November 2019, Briunna became extremely ill, with symptoms ranging from difficult breathing to a high fever and a cough. （2019年11月，Briunna病情严重，症状包括呼吸困难、高烧和咳
106、嗽。）”以及下文中的“those obstacles”可推知，划线单词“bump”的意思是“障碍”，这次生病只是她遇到的众多障碍之一，所以其所在句的意思的“她刚进入护理专业的第一学期几个月，就遇到了人生道路上的下一个障碍。”故选B。30细节理解题。根据第四段“While Briunna was still in hospital, she already had connected with fellow nursing majors as well as professors, who worked closely with her to make sure she stayed on co
107、urse. （当Briunna还在住院的时候，她就已经和其他护理专业的同学以及教授建立了联系，他们和她密切合作，确保她能坚持学业。）”可知，Briumna在生病住院期间，通过和其他护理专业的同学以及教授交流，来继续自己的学业。故选C。31推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite all those obstacles, Briunna is on track to graduate with her nursing classmates in December 2021 and already is planning for what comes after she earns her bac
108、helors degree in nursing.（尽管有这些障碍，Briumna和她的护理同学们将于2021年12月毕业，她已经在为获得护理学士学位后的生活做准备了。）可知，Briunna的护理学习之路遇到的各种障碍，Briunna通过自己的坚持不懈也战胜了这些障碍，最终取得了成功，因此从Briumna的故事我可以得到启发世上无难事，只怕有心人。故选C。Passage3 The word inquiry(or enquiry) comes from the Latin words in, or inward, and quaere, which is the verb to question
109、. So inquiry is not just asking questions, it is questioning into something. It has the quality of getting into something, going deeper, so you can see what you havent been able to see before.When you begin an inquiry, you are deliberately setting out to search for what you dont know. You have to ha
110、ve the confidence to say that you might be able to figure it out for yourself. And in that process, you get a sense of real excitement and energy. That energy is both part of, and contributes to, what we often call engagement. But in order to use inquiry to answer your question, you have to become g
111、ood at knowing what you dont know. I would argue that thats exactly the opposite of what happens in schools. Classrooms focus on what you do know (or are supposed to know) and leave you unprepared to deal with the things you dont know.In some ways, we are all surrounded by a bubble of the known. Whe
112、n you know something, you identify how your model of the world fits with and explains what you sec. Living in the bubble of the known is comfortable and comforting. You see what you know, and you know what you see. But to do inquiry, you have to get good at always looking for the boundaries of your
113、knowledge, and at the limitations and contradictions within what is known. That is what scientists do. They are always looking for the limits, the boundaries and the points at which their theories fail to explain the world. Scientists, basically. are always looking for that “door” from the known to
114、the unknown, where they can press forth（向前）and push and, in a sense, expand the bubble of the known. Inquiry is the action you take when you deliberately challenge the limits of your knowledge.24What is the passage mainly about?AWhat inquiry is all about.BThe way to make an inquiry.CThe importance o
115、f inquiry.DThe effect of inquiry.25What does the author intend to tell about inquiry in Paragraph 1?AThe word has existed for a long time.BThe word means asking many questions.CThe word didnt come from the English language.DThe word means exploring further into something.26What should you know well
116、to do inquiry?AWhat you already know.BWhat you dont know.CWhether you are confident.DWhether you are excited.27What does the underlined word where refer to?AIn the real world.BWithin the bubble.CIn the world of the unknown.DAt the door to the unknown.【答案】24A25D26B27D【分析】这是一篇说明文。对“调查”一词进行了说明和探究。【详解】1
117、.主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句和第三句“So inquiry is not just asking questions, it is questioning into something. It has the quality of getting into something, going deeper, so you can see what you havent been able to see before.”（因此，调查不仅仅是提出问题，它是对某件事提出疑问。它有一种更深入的特点，所以你能看到你以前看不到的东西。）可知，文章主要是讲“调查”一词的含义。故选A。2.推理判断题。根据第一
118、段第二句和第三句“So inquiry is not just asking questions, it is questioning into something. It has the quality of getting into something, going deeper, so you can see what you havent been able to see before.”（因此，调查不仅仅是提出问题，它是对某件事提出疑问。它有一种更深入的特点，所以你能看到你以前看不到的东西。）可知，作者是想说“调查”意味着更深层次的探索。故选D。3.细节理解题。根据根据第二段“But
119、 in order to use inquiry to answer your question, you have to become good at knowing what you dont know.”（但是为了用探究来回答你的问题，你必须善于知道你不知道的东西）可知，你应该善于知道自己不知道的东西。故选B。4.词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Scientists, basically. are always looking for that “door” from the known to the unknown”（基本上科学家总是在寻找那扇从已知到未知的“门”）可知，定语从句中的where代指“door”，是指通向未知的门。故选D。