1、Section Warming Up & ReadingComprehending 阅读理解AYouth sports have become a big business in the United States, and have taken on a much more professionalized form over the past decade. In previous generations, children spent a large part of their leisure time playing throughout their neighborhoods. To
2、days children, on average, are spending much less time on unstructured settings and much more time on activities arranged by adults.In a new study, we asked 100 undergraduate and graduate students to complete a very detailed “childhood leisure activities survey”， which asked them to reflect on hours
3、 spent in various leisure activities during their schoolage years. We also asked these same participants to complete the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults (ATTA), a widelyused creativity test that required them to draw and write in four creative activities. We then analyzed the relationship betwe
4、en the participants childhood leisure activities and their performance on the ATTA. We found that informal sports played in unstructured, unsupervised(无人监督的) environments have many notable elements. These environments offer children the freedom to selfgovern, create rules, solve problems and deal wi
5、th social conflicts on their own terms. Organized sports, on the other hand, tend to focus on obedience, learning from models, and a number of other qualities that would be unlikely to be beneficial to creative development. In fact, those with “aboveaverage” creativity reported spending 15% of their
6、 total childhood leisure time playing informal sports versus 13% playing organized sports. The participants with “belowaverage” creativity spent only 10% of their childhood leisure time playing informal sports versus 22% on organized sports. The difference is encouraging. It suggests that parents in
7、terested in developing the creativity of children dont have to necessarily quit traditional organized sports.They simply need to be aware of the importance of a balanced distribution(分配) of their childrens time between organized and unstructured settings.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。青少年体育运动逐渐从随意变得更有组织性。但研究表明，非正式的
8、运动对青少年的发展更有益处，更利于培养他们的创造力。1We can learn from the first paragraph that youth sports_. Ahave limited types Bwere less popular in the past Care becoming more organized Dhelp improve school performanceC解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的have taken on a much more professionalized form及are spending.much more time on activit
9、ies arranged by adults可知，青少年体育运动变得更有组织性、更正规了。2The new study results imply that informal youth sports_. Arequire responsible educators Bhelp children learn to follow rules Cmake it hard to develop social skills Dcontribute to students overall developmentD解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的These environments offer child
10、ren.create rules, solve problems and deal with social conflicts.可知，非正式体育运动有益于学生进行自我管理、创建规则、解决问题和社会冲突，即能促进学生的全面发展。3What can be the best title for this passage? ASports Are Not Always Beneficial BInformal Sports Benefit Childrens Creativity CThe Disadvantages of Formal Youth SportsDCreative Ways to Im
11、prove Childrens HealthB解析：标题归纳题。文章主要通过一项研究分析了非正式体育运动对青少年发展尤其是创造力培养的促进作用。BCould the answer to mobility problems one day be as easy as putting on a pair of trousers? A research team at Bristol University has recently unveiled a pair of robotic trousers that could help some disabled people walk without
12、 other assistance. The socalled “Right Trousers” use soft artificial muscles as well as the wearers real muscles. The artificial muscles mimic(模仿) human muscles in producing a force simply by becoming shorter and pulling on both ends. By bundling several artificial muscles together, the assistive tr
13、ousers can move a joint such as the knee, and help the user with actions such as standing up from a chair. By using existing muscles and by passing the brain, the assistive trousers can even command muscles that the wearers might have difficulty using on their own. Because the artificial muscles are
14、 easy to stretch and soft, they are safer than traditional motors used in robotic structures that, although powerful, are solid and uncomfortable. The plastic knee braces(护膝) of the trousers also allow the knee to move or lock in position to maintain standing without much effort needed by the muscle
15、s.The Right Trousers combine advanced research with wellestablished techniques in a single prototype(原型). Aside from the originality of robotic trousers, what makes the device so compelling as a practical assistive technology is the fact that it can be adapted to many different users. This raises th
16、e hope that it could be widely adopted where other previous efforts have failed.However, this is only the prototype. A working product is probably at least five years away and significant questions must be answered to get to that stage. Where will it store all the power it needs? How can all the sys
17、tems be embedded(嵌入) in the trousers so they dont become bulky and awkward to wear? Can the controller predict the best action to take amid the everchanging complexity of real environments where users will be walking?【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种可以帮助残疾人和行动不便的人便于行动的机械裤子。4. The Right Trousers can work by_.As
18、ending signals to human brainsBanalyzing peoples movement habitsCcreating movement on the human bodyDreplacing the functions of most human musclesC解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的producing a force simply by becoming shorter.can move a joint such as the knee, and help the user with actions.可知，这种机械裤通过刺激肢体动作来发挥作用。5Acc
19、ording to Paragraph 3, the Right Trousers are unique in that they are _. AlightweightBflexibleCpowerful DinexpensiveB解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的the artificial muscles are easy to stretch and soft.although powerful, are solid and uncomfortable.allow the knee to move or lock in position.可知，与传统的类似辅助器械器材相比，这种机械裤的特
20、点是更灵活。6Whats the meaning of the underlined word “compelling” in Paragraph 4?ACommon.BStrange.CAttractive. DIntelligent.C解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的Aside from the originality of robotic trousers及it can be adapted to many different users.This raises the hope.可知，这种机械裤因其创新性和广泛适用性而十分吸引人。7What does Paragraph 5 mainl
21、y talk about?AThe achievements in robot design.BThe problems lie in artificial muscles.CThe public comments on the Right Trousers.DThe remaining challenges of the Right Trousers.D解析：段落大意题。第五段主要介绍了这种机械裤目前待解决的问题。CThe first time we hear something new, a foreign sound or wordeven an unknown word in our
22、own languagessomething in it may cause delight or dislike.Often with familiar words, its almost impossible to simply look at one without considering its meaning. Words like “putrid” or “disgusting” have unpleasant implications already built into our subconscious(潜意识). However, when we learn a new la
23、nguage, we encounter words free of associations in our mind.The British linguist David Crystal conducted some research to learn about what makes certain sounds beautiful, and noted that the most popular words have positive implicationsno surprises there. But whats interesting is what these words hav
24、e in common: two or three syllables(音节), short vowels, common sounds such as /l/, /s/ and /m/. None of these sounds require much energy or effort to be pronounced, so they lead to natural tones. Some examples are: autumn, melody, lullaby, velvet, whisper, caress.Sounds that British students struggle
25、d with at the start of the course /，/x/，/r/ and /t/ because they are rare or do not exist in their mother tongue, became more popular by the end of the year. If we effectively take control of a word, it becomes a word we like to say and hear. The process thus brings new “love” for words with origina
26、lly tricky(棘手的) elements.There are also words which students used to find challenging but finally have grown confident using with the kind of pride that arises from knowledge, hard work and learning, regardless of the words meanings. This is particularly obvious in the example of “desafortunadamente
27、”， which means “unfortunately” in Spanish. The word has obvious negative implications, but learners are more likely to experience disassociation with a word from its meaning, which rarely happens in their mother tongue. Speakers of a new language can therefore enjoy a word on its own value, disregar
28、ding its implications.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了人们对一些词语产生好恶感的原因。8Our feeling about a familiar word is mainly based on its_.Ausage BsoundCmeaning DoriginC解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的its almost impossible to simply look at one without considering its meaning.unpleasant implications already built into our subconscious(潜
29、意识)可知，我们对熟悉的词的感觉取决于其意义。9Words that might be considered beautiful often_.Aare related to natureBare easy to pronounceCremind people of strengthDhave different implicationsB解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的two or three syllables(音节).None of these sounds require much energy or effort to be pronounced.可知，一些被认为很优美的单词都易于发
30、音。10The last paragraph suggests that learners of a new language_.Aprefer learning difficult words slowlyBmay separate words from their meaningsCshould avoid mothertongue thinking habitsDhad better start reading before learning wordsB解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的the kind of pride that arises from knowledge, hard
31、 work and learning, regardless of the words meanings及but learners are more likely to experience disassociation with a word from its meaning, which rarely happens in their mother tongue. Speakers of a new language can therefore enjoy a word on its own value, disregarding its implications.可知，学习新语言时，学习
32、者会将单词和其意义分开看待。 七选五Thankyou cards are cards which are sent with an expression of thanks. Sending thankyou cards is a cornerstone of etiquette(礼仪). 1._ And they will be more likely to offer gifts, services, and other things in the future when they have been thanked with a formal written card.It is a g
33、ood idea to include a handwritten note in a thankyou card, as this indicates that the card is being sent as a serious expression of appreciation, rather than as a duty. A typical note explains the reason why the card is being sent, often with a discussion of why the gift or service was appreciated.2
34、._For example, a thankyou card sent to a grandparent after a birthday might read, “Dear Grandmother: 3._ The money will come in handy to buy some books. It was very nice to see you at my party, and I hope that Ill see you again soon. Thankyou again, grandchild.”A formal written thankyou card is cons
35、idered basic politeness, and children are often taught to write it at a very young age. 4._Many businessmen also regularly send thankyou cards to clients, especially new clients, to make them feel welcome and appreciated.5_ Cardprinting kits(工具箱) are readily available in stationary stores, and peopl
36、e can also make cards with their own cardstock. Handmade cards are sometimes greatly appreciated, and they can be a great option for people who do not have a lot of money to spend on thankyou cards.AIt is possible to make ones own thankyou cards.BIn fact, people greatly appreciate receiving such car
37、ds.CBegin with the two most important words: Thank you.DThis way they can develop the habit of thanking others.EI look forward to seeing you at my birthday party next month.FThank you very much for the birthday greetings and the check.GAnd it ends with an expression of thanks and the senders name.【解
38、题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了感谢卡及其用途。1B解析：此空设于段中，与前一句存在指代关系。该项中such cards指的就是前一句中的thankyou cards，且与后一句中的when they have been thanked with a formal written card呼应。2G解析：此空设于段尾，与前一句内容存在并列关系，说明感谢卡以表示感谢和发送者的名字结束，且根据下一段的例子也可知答案。3F解析：此空设于段中，承上启下。根据后文内容可知，生日聚会已经举办过了，故第一句需感谢祖母的生日问候及礼物。后文The money与该项中的the check相呼应。4D解析：此空设于段中，承接上文。孩子们在很小的时候就被教会写感谢卡，这样可以培养他们感恩他人的习惯。5A解析：此空设于段首，是本段主题句。本空后面的内容主要讲的是自己手工制作感谢卡更有意义，还可以省钱，这些内容是对该主题句的具体阐释。
