1、广东省广雅中学2021届高三英语下学期适应性测试试题（五）（含解析）第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）AModem architecture has brought many amazing buildings to the world. Here are some of the strangest buildings in the world.Habitat 67, Montreal, CanadaHabitat 67 is a very interesting arrangement of cubes, which looks lik
2、e the building blocks that children play with. It is pretty interesting how it was designed. In its material sense, the cube is a symbol of stability. It looks so original and at the same time comfortable for living. It was created as a main attraction for Expo 67, one of the worlds largest universa
3、l expositions (博览会) where housing was one of the main themes.The Basket Building Ohio, United StatesThe Longaberger Basket Company building in Newark, Ohio might just be a strangest office building in the world. The 180,000-square-foot building, a copy of the companys famous market basket, cost $ 30
4、 million and took two years to complete. Many experts tried to persuade Dave Longaberger to change his plans, but he wanted an exact copy of the real thing.The Crooked House, Sopot, PolandFinished in 2003, the Crooked House has an extraordinary and amazing structure. Its design was based on the pict
5、ures of polish artist Jan Marcin Szancer and Swedish painter Per Dahlberg. It looks as if it had been taken from a cartoon: The building lines are not straight, but they are balanced, so the house is not ugly at all, just strange! The interesting part is how builders managed to create this genius id
6、ea, but the house is a fact and everyone admires their creativity.La Pedrera, SpainIt is situated in the Eixample district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The story of the house is pretty interesting. The house was designed by Antoni Gaudi and built for a married couple. It is an extraordinary but s
7、tylish building considered to be highly unconventional-there is not even one straight line!1. Which of the buildings above is associated with a toy?A. Habitat 67.B. The Basket Building.C. The Crooked House.D. La Pedrera.2. What can we learn about the Basket Building?A. It was built for exhibition.B.
8、 It was designed following the pictures.C. It was constructed according to its original design.D. It might be the strangest office building in the world.3. What do the Crooked House and La Pedrera have in common?A. They both look very ugly.B. They are built by Antoni GaudiC. Their design patterns ar
9、e common.D. Their construction lines are bent.【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个令人惊奇的现代建筑。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Habitat 67, Montreal, Canada中Habitat 67 is a very interesting arrangement of cubes, which looks like the building blocks that children play with.(Habitat 67是一个非常有趣的立方体排列，它看起来像孩子们玩的积木)可知，Hab
10、itat 67与玩具有关。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据The Basket Building, Ohio, United States中的Many experts tried to persuade Dave Longaberger to change his plans, but he wanted an exact copy of the real thing.(许多专家试图说服Dave Longaberger改变他的计划，但他想要的是真货的一模一样的复制品)可知，这个建筑物是根据最初的设计建造的。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据The Crooked House, Sopot
11、, Poland中的It looks as if it had been taken from a cartoon: The building lines are not straight, but they are balanced, so the house is not ugly at all, just strange!(它看起来就像从一幅漫画：建筑的线条不直，但它们是平衡的，所以房子一点也不丑，只是奇怪！)和La Pedrera, Spain中的It is an extraordinary but stylish building considered to be highly un
12、conventional-there is not even one straight line!(这是一座非凡而时尚的建筑，被认为是非常不寻常的甚至没有一条直线！)可知，这两个建筑物的共同点都没有用直线设计。故选D。【点睛】在细节考查题中有一类事实细节题 。该题属于细节类型的阅读理解题，一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。本题第2小题，根据The Bask
13、et Building, Ohio, United States中的Many experts tried to persuade Dave Longaberger to change his plans, but he wanted an exact copy of the real thing.(许多专家试图说服Dave Longaberger改变他的计划，但他想要的是真货的一模一样的复制品)可知，这个建筑物是根据最初的设计建造的。故选C。BGrowing up, Deka Ismail says she let labels define what she could be. “I was
14、 a black girl, from a refugee (难民) family,” Deka said. “It was as if I was only allowed to explore in this predetermined box.”After a high school chemistry class inspired her to think about a career in science and gave her confidence in the field, Deka learned to live outside labels and began making
15、 big plans for her future. Now she is about to begin her freshman year at the University of California, planning to become a professor.Born and raised in San Diegos City Heights neighbourhood, Deka is the daughter of a Somali refugee couple. While some might say Dekas success happened in spite of he
16、r background, she would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be the driven, young scientist that she is today.When Deka was eight years old, her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to support the whole family. That made Deka realize that educatio
17、n could make a difference to ones life. She spent a lot of time in the library reading books, and didnt do many of the things her peers did, like partying or having romantic relationships.“I always felt like I had to be the perfect girl for my family,” Deka said. “You have to not even do your best b
18、ut two times better than everyone else. I felt like the whole world was waiting for me to mess up.”Dekas efforts paid off. The summer before her senior year of high school, she was accepted to the American Chemical Society Project SEED Programme. “She brought both enthusiasm and focus,” Botham, a re
19、searcher at this research institute, recalled. “She arrived every day ready to work, ready to learn and ready to tackle new challenges regardless of whether or not she had done anything similar.”When asked what advice she would give to others like her, Deka warned them not to underestimate themselve
20、s. “Dont tell yourself that scholarship is too big or this programme is too competitive or Ill never get into this school, ” she said. “I was not sure whether I could make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rolling in.”4. From the passage, we can learn that_ .A. Deka was adopted by a r
21、efugee familyB. Deka spent a lot of time going to partiesC. Dekas experiences drove her to work hardD. Deka became a professor after graduation5. Deka realized the importance of education _.A. after her chemistry classB. from her mothers experienceC. by reading books in the libraryD. through working
22、 at the institute6. According to the last paragraph, Deka advised that students be _.A. patientB. generousC. adaptableD. confident7. What does the story intend to tell us?A. Hard work leads to success.B. Practice makes perfect.C. Well begun is half done.D. Life is not all roses.【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7.
23、 A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过Deka的故事告诉人们“努力工作才能成功。”【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中While some might say Dekas success happened in spite of her background, she would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be the driven, young scientist that she is today.“虽然有些人可能会说Deka的成功与她的背景不同，但她会说，她的经历塑造和激
24、励她成为今天这样一个有动力的年轻科学家。”由此可知， Deka的经历促使她努力工作。故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中When Deka was eight years old, her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to support the whole family. That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to ones life.“Deka八岁的时候，她的母亲回到学校努力学习，找到了一份工作，养家糊口。这使
25、Deka意识到教育可以改变一个人的一生。”由此可知，Deka从她母亲的经历中认识到教育的重要性。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段When asked what advice she would give to others like her, Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves. “Dont tell yourself that scholarship is too big or this programme is too competitive or Ill never get into this school, ”
26、she said. “I was not sure whether I could make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rolling in.” 当被问及她会给像她一样人什么建议时，Deka提醒他们不要低估自己。“不要告诉自己奖学金太大，这个项目竞争太激烈，否则我永远进不了这所学校，”她说。“我不确定自己能否成功，直到我看到录取通知书纷飞而来。”由此可知，根据最后一段，Deka建议学生要自信。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。纵观全文，Deka的故事告诉我们“付出会得到回报，从来都不要低估自己。”也就是说“努力工作才能成功。
27、”故选A。CA serious and widespread desert locust outbreak in some parts of Somalia, Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan and Eritrea has caused panic in the agriculture and aviation sectors.The invasion, which has lasted for over a month despite efforts by respective governments to control it, has led to the destruct
28、ion of crops and pastures (牧场) threatening food security in the region despite a promising harvest following successful rainfall.The outbreak has also caused panic in the aviation sector, following a recent incident where an Ethiopian Airline passenger plane was forced by a swarm (群) of locusts to d
29、ivert from landing in Dire Dawn Airport in east-central Ethiopia to Bole International Airport in Ethiopias capital Addis Ababa.According to the Food and Agriculture Organization or FAO, a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutritio
30、n and food security, the present outbreak is the worst in 25 years.The UN agency attributed the invasion to unusual weather and climate conditions, including heavy and widespread rains since October 2019. It warned a further increase in locust swarms is likely to continue until June due to the conti
31、nuation of favorable ecological conditions for locust breeding.The locusts have already destroyed 175,000 acres of farmland in Somalia and Ethiopia, according to the FAO.The desert locust is the most dangerous of the nearly one dozen species of locusts. A typical desert locust swarm can contain up t
32、o 150 million locusts per square kilometer, according to the IGAD. An average swarm can destroy as many food crops in a day as is sufficient to feed 2,500 people.8. What is the result of the desert locust outbreak on East Africa?A. It has led to a disease outbreak.B. It has caused the weather to cha
33、nge.C. It has created fear in agriculture and aviation.D. It has threatened the safety of the people there.9. What does the underlined word “divert” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Take a different route.B. Take off from an airport.C. Split off from a new place.D. Slide away from somewhere.10. What can we le
34、arn about the desert locust outbreak according to the UN agency?A. Locust breeding is slower and slower.B. There will possibly be a decrease in locust swarms.C. It is related to unusual weather and climate conditions.D. The ecological conditions are bad for locust breeding.11. How does the author pr
35、ove the desert locust is the most dangerous of the locust species?A. By describing a process.B. By comparison.C. By statistics.D. By analyzing cause and effect.【答案】8. C 9. A 10. C 11. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述的是沙漠蝗虫肆虐，对于一些国家的农业和航空也造成危害。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容A serious and widespread desert locust outbre
36、ak in some parts of Somalia, Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan and Eritrea has caused panic in the agriculture and aviation sectors.(在索马里、肯尼亚、埃塞俄比亚、苏丹和厄立特里亚的一些地区发生了严重和广泛的沙漠蝗虫疫情，在农业和航空部门造成了恐慌)可知，东非沙漠蝗虫的爆发给农业和航空业带来了恐慌。故选C。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段划线词所在句中前后部分可以了解到：蝗虫的爆发也在航空业中导致恐慌，一架埃塞俄比亚的客机被迫改变航线，原本从Dire Dawn Airport机场降落
37、改为在Bole International Airport降落。由此可知，划线词的意思是“走另一条路。”故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的The UN agency attributed the invasion to unusual weather and climate conditions, including heavy and widespread rains since October 2019.(联合国机构将入侵归咎于不寻常的天气和气候条件，包括自2019年10月以来的大雨和大范围降雨)可知，根据联合国机构，沙漠蝗虫的爆发与不寻常的天气和气候条件有关。故选C。【
38、11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段The desert locust is the most dangerous of the nearly one dozen species of locusts. A typical desert locust swarm can contain up to 150 million locusts per square kilometer, according to the IGAD. An average swarm can destroy as many food crops in a day as is sufficient to feed
39、2,500 people.(沙漠蝗虫是近12种蝗虫中最危险的一种。根据东非政府间发展组织的数据，一个典型的沙漠蝗群每平方公里可容纳多达1.5亿蝗虫。一个普通的蜂群一天能摧毁多达2500人的粮食作物。”作者列举了一个典型的沙漠蝗群每平方公里可以容纳1.5亿只蝗虫。一个普通的沙漠蝗群一天可以摧毁足够供给2500人的粮食作物)可知，作者通过数据来说明沙漠蝗虫是危害最大的蝗种。故选C。【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推
40、出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer, suggest, imply, conclude, indicate等标志性词语。本题第3小题，根据文章第五段中的The UN agency attributed the invasion to unusual weather and climate conditions, including heavy and widespread rains since October 2019.(联合国机构将入侵归咎于不寻常的天气和气候条件，包括自2019年10月以来的大雨和大范围降雨)可知，根据联合国机构，
41、沙漠蝗虫的爆发与不寻常的天气和气候条件有关。故选C。DTerraCycle is a company that has recycled and upcycled (升级改造) just about any garbage it can get its hands on. It upcycles things like pens and markers into dust bins and picnic tables and cigarette ends into railroad ties.Now, TerraCycle wants to help families waste even l
42、ess with a new book Make Garbage Great: The TerraCycle Family Guide to a Zero-Waste Lifestyle. The book is part wake-up call, part history lesson, part how-to, and part DIY arts and crafts instruction.In an effort to help people do what they can to curb their contribution to the tons of waste create
43、d every day, Make Garbage Great gives the history of various materials, discusses why those various materials are a problem, and gives tips and DIY projects to recycle or upcycle each material.There is a chapter each on plastics, metals, paper, glass, wood, rubber and organics. Each chapter is fille
44、d with tons of tips and ideas for reducing the amount of waste you create and for responsibly handling the waste you end up creating in your home. If youre a conscious consumer, some of the information you may already know, but there are also tips in this book that will help you recycle more than yo
45、u thought you were able to. It has information on where you can take old sneakers, pillows, and all that electronic waste that seems to pile up quicker and quicker each year.Whether the book inspires you to get a little clever at dealing with your waste or simply inspires you to think before you buy
46、 or before you throw, anyone who is concerned about the amount of waste our culture creates will find some ideas here. Even the physical book itself is a bit of an inspiration. Its printed on tree-free paper and is a reminder that there is usually a sustainable (可持续的) alternative to many of the prod
47、ucts that we waste.12. What is the book intended to do?A. To advertise for the company.B. To help families make money.C. To instruct people to learn arts.D. To help families reduce waste.13. What can we know about the book?A. It is intended for housewives.B. It is environmentally friendly.C. It is w
48、ell received all over the world.D. It is not different from other paper books.14. What does the authors attitude towards the book?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Doubtful.D. Objective.15. What could be the best title for the text?A. Live A More Healthy Life?B. Want A Zero-waste Lifestyle?C. TerraCycle A
49、Responsible CompanyD. Make Garbage Great A Key to Success【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了致力于垃圾回收和升级改造的TerraCycle公司为了帮助人们减少生活垃圾而出版了一本书，书中介绍了一些关于对废弃物品重新再利用的方法。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的Now, TerraCycle wants to help families waste even less with a new book Make Garbage Great: The TerraCycl
50、e Family Guide to a Zero-Waste Lifestyle. (现在，TerraCycle希望通过一本新书让垃圾变得伟大：TerraCycle家庭零废物生活指南来帮助家庭减少浪费)可知，这本书的目的是为了帮助家庭减少浪费。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的后两句Even the physical book itself is a bit of an inspiration. Its printed on tree-free paper and is a reminder that there is usually a sustainable (可持续的)
51、alternative to many of the products that we waste.(甚至实体书本身也有一些灵感。它印在没有树木的纸上，提醒我们通常有一个可持续的选择来替代我们浪费的许多产品)可知，这本书的用纸不是由树制成的，这本书是环保的。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据全文尤其最后一段作者的描述Whether the book inspires you to get a little clever at dealing with your waste or simply inspires you to think before you buy or before yo
52、u throw, anyone who is concerned about the amount of waste our culture creates will find some ideas here. Even the physical book itself is a bit of an inspiration.(无论这本书是鼓励你在处理废物方面变得更聪明一点，还是只是鼓励你在买东西或扔东西之前思考一下，任何关心我们的文化造成的废物的人都会在这里找到一些想法。甚至实体书本身也有一些启发)可以看出，作者对这本书的态度是积极肯定的。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。本文主要内容是帮助人
53、们减少生活垃圾和对废物的重新利用的方法。由此可知，B. Want A Zero-waste Lifestyle?(想要零废物的生活方式吗？)可以体现文章的中心，适合做本文最佳标题。故选B。第二节 （共 5小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Top tips for finals weekNo one ever said finals week is easy. Late-night cramming (抱佛脚) accompanied by cup after cup of coffee can wear you
54、 out , not to mention all of the test stress. _16_. Here are some tips on dieting, dressing and sleeping you can follow to stay energized.Food and drinkThe most important thing to remember about eating and drinking is to do just that: eat and drink. Your brain needs nutrition if you have any hope of
55、 memorizing information.Eat healthily and regularlyGrabbing a cake from the vending machine is tempting. _17_ However, a banana or orange with some trail mix (什锦杂果) or yogurt will fill you up better than junk food. Eat a wholesome breakfast, lunch, and dinner at the same times you always do.Stay hyd
56、ratedDrink plenty of water, and then drink some more. _18_ Add flavor to your water with fruits like lemon, or swap it for unsweetened flavorful tea.DressingAs temperatures rise, youll want to stick to something short-sleeved as a top. Even so, it could get chilly in the caf or exam room if the air
57、conditioner is turned down to compensate for the weather outside. _19_SleepingAll of that studying during finals week will be for nothing if you dont get enough sleep. Lack of sleep is all too common as the semester wraps up.Ensure solid sleepPlan your time carefully to stay ahead of the game. You k
58、now your body, your study habits, and your finals schedule. _20_.Take napsTake time for short naps here and there as well. Put your head down or lie down and set an alarm for half an hour to get some quick power sleep to recharge .A. Sugary soft drinks will do no good.B. A coke will refresh you when
59、 you nod off.C. A large order of French fries can also replace your regular meal.D. Therefore, plan accordingly to squeeze in six to eight hours of solid sleep.E. And you know cramming overnight with less sleep will do great harm to your body.F. Be sure to throw your favorite coat into your bag to m
60、ake sure youre not shivering during the exam.G. But while you strive to review as many books as possible to prepare for your test, dont forget your health.【答案】16. G 17. C 18. A 19. F 20. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在期末阶段如何在巨大的复习和考试压力下，从饮食、穿着和睡眠上保证自己的健康。【16题详解】根据上文“Late-night cramming (抱佛脚) accompanied b
61、y cup after cup of coffee can wear you out, not to mention all of the test stress.” (伴随着一杯又一杯的咖啡深夜抱佛脚会让你筋疲力尽，更不用说所有的测试压力了)和“Here are some tips on dieting, dressing and sleeping you can follow to stay energized.”( 这里有一些关于饮食、穿衣和睡觉的建议，你可以遵循这些建议来保持精力充沛)可知，设空处应该和上文形成转折关系，和下文形成承上启下的关系，分析选项，G项“但是，当您努力复习尽可能
62、多的书以准备考试时，请不要忘记自己的健康状况。”话题一致，符合此处语境，故选G。【17题详解】根据下文“However, A banana or orange with some trail mix (什锦杂果) or yogurt will fill you up better than junk food.”(然而，一个香蕉或是橘子，搭配一包什锦果仁或是酸奶要比垃圾食品更好。)可知，设空处与这一句形成转折关系，分析选项，C项“一大堆薯条也可以代替您的常规餐。”符合语境，选项中的“薯条”和下文的“垃圾食物”相呼应。故选C。【18题详解】根据下文“Add flavor to your wate
63、r with fruits like lemon, or swap it for unsweetened flavorful tea.”( 在你的水中加入柠檬等水果的味道，或者把它换成不加糖的风味茶)可知，这里讲的是“健康饮品”，分析选项，A项“含糖软饮料没有好处。”与下文话题一致，符合此处语境，选项中的“含糖饮料”和下文的“不甜的茶饮料”相呼应。故选A。【19题详解】根据本段的主题Dressing和“Even so, it could get chilly in the caf or exam room if the air conditioner is turned down to com
64、pensate for the weather outside. (即使如此，为了抵御室外高温，咖啡馆或是自习室的空调往往开得很大，很容易因此着凉)可知，这里是讲“应对空调造成的室温太低的穿衣方法”，分析选项，F项“确保将自己喜欢的外套放进书包，以确保考试期间不会发抖。”和上文话题一致，符合此处语境，故选F。【20题详解】根据本段的主旨Ensure solid sleep(保证有质量的睡眠)和Plan your time carefully to stay ahead of the game.( 考试前合理安排自己的时间。)可知，这里是讲“做好计划以保证稳定睡眠”，分析选项，D项“因此要做好计
65、划以保证每天有6到8个小时的稳定睡眠”和本段主题一致。故选D。第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节 （共 15小题；每小题 1 分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。At stations in London goes a tradition that warm and inspirational words are written on White Boards for emotional support. Its been 14 years since customer services manage
66、r Anthony Gentles was inspired to _21_ the “blank faces” of commuters(往返上班着)with a daily dose(剂量)of _22_ from his favorite book, Tao Te Ching, the key text in the ancient Chinese philosophical tradition of Taoism . This practice of writing a meaningful sentence on the board is named Thought of the D
67、ay. At the beginning of 2018, on the board is “A journey of a thousand must begin with a single _23_.”“If its _24_ for me, perhaps when passengers see it, it will allow them to _25_ for a moment and could distract them from whatever was _26_ their mind.” Mr. Gentles said. Offering up pearls of wisdo
68、m from China was his way of 48 to make people feel more _27_ as they used the underground.Mr. Gentles _28_ how one man wandered about on the platform for 20 minutes before heading back to the atrium(中厅)to pronounce that hed_29_ “what the thought was _30_ to me.”In the year 2007, Gentles passed the j
69、ob over to his colleague Glen Sutherland and ever since then Mr. Sutherland has written over 3, 000 sentences on the _31_. He has taught himself calligraphy so as to provide clear handwriting on it.Thought of the Day at Oval station of the London subway has won world-wide attention and Sutherland _3
70、2_ a story on the Twitter account of the station. Mr. Sutherland _33_ a quote by Mirtha Legrand, a famous actress and television presenter in the South American country at the request of an Argentine family. But he hadnt _34_ it was spoken highly of by the presenter in her program. He told BBC. “If
71、its helping people and giving people _35_ feelings, then its good. But Im really confused about 20, 000 followers on Twitter for Thought of the DayI cant get my head around it.21. A. turn downB. drive awayC. light upD. bring about22. A. comfortB. optimismC. happinessD. wisdom23. A. experienceB. acti
72、onC. stepD. thought24. A. comfortableB. inspirationalC. ambiguousD. relevant25. A. standB. wonderC. stopD. relax26. A. passing byB. going throughC. getting acrossD. running for27. A. guiltyB. enthusiasticC. anxiousD. welcome28. A. recallsB. understandsC. explainsD. analyses29. A. taken inB. made upC
73、. worked outD. kept off30. A. sayingB. emphasizingC. exhibitingD. promising31. A. trainB. postC. boardD. wall32. A. inventedB. downloadedC. updatedD. shared33. A. showed offB. put upC. gave upD. turned down34. A. expectedB. believedC. doubtedD. declared35. A. disturbingB. amusingC. awkwardD. pleasan
74、t【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了伦敦车站“每日金句”竟然源自于中国古代的老子的道德经。文中讲述这一做法的由来和进展情况。【21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：14年前，客户服务经理安东尼根特斯从他最喜欢的书道德经中汲取灵感，想要让那些“面无表情”的通勤者们开心起来。道德经是中国古代哲学传统道教的核心文本。A. turn down拒绝；B. drive away开走；C. light up照亮；D.
75、 bring about带来。根据下文“the blank faces of commuters”，可知是让那些“面无表情”的通勤者们开心起来，故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. comfort舒适；B. optimism乐观；C. happiness幸福；D. wisdom智慧。根据第二段中“Offering up pearls of wisdom from China”可知是智慧，故选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2018年伊始，白板上写着“千里之行，始于足下”。A. experience经历；B. action动作；C. step脚步，步骤；D. thou
76、ght思想。根据名言可知是“千里之行，始于足下”，故选C。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“如果它对我来说是鼓舞人心的，也许当乘客看到它时，他们会停下来片刻，分散他们的注意力，不管他们在想什么。” 根特斯先生说。A. comfortable舒适的；B. inspirational鼓舞人心的；C. ambiguous不明确的；D. relevant相关的。根据上文“This practice of writing a meaningful sentence on the board is named Thought of the Day.”可知，写在白板上的句子是鼓舞人心的，故选B。【2
77、5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. stand站立；B. wonder想知道；C. stop停下；D. relax放松。根据下文“could distract them”，说明这里应该是停下来片刻，故选C。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. passing by路过；B. going through经历；C. getting across通过；D. running for竞选。根据下文“their mind”，可知是心里想什么，“经历”更符合语境，故选B。27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当人们乘坐地铁时，他试图用中国的智慧精华让人们感到更受欢迎。A. guilty内疚
78、的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. welcome受欢迎的。根据下文“as they used the underground”，可知是让乘地铁时人们感到宾至如归的感觉，是受欢迎的，故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：根特斯回忆起，一名男子在站台上徘徊了20分钟，然后返回中庭宣布他已经弄清楚这个想法告诉了我什么。 A. recalls回想起；B. understands理解；C. explains解释；D. analyses分析。根据下文描述的事情，可知应该是他回想起的事件，故选A。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. taken i
79、n吸收，理解；B. made up组成；C. worked out解决，想出来；D. kept off避开。根据下文“what the thought was _10_ to me.”可知这个人弄清楚了这一想法告诉他什么了，故选C。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. saying说；B. emphasizing强调；C. exhibiting展览；D. promising承诺。解释同上，这一想法对于这个人意味着什么，即：说了什么，故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2007年，根特斯把这个职位交给了他的同事格伦萨瑟兰，从那以后，萨瑟兰在白板上写了3000多句话。A. tr
80、ain火车；B. post邮件；C. board木板；D. wall墙。同第一段中“board”相呼应，故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：伦敦椭圆形地铁站的“每日金句”吸引了全世界的关注，萨瑟兰在该地铁站的推特账号上分享了一个故事。A. invented发明；B. downloaded下载；C. updated更新；D. shared分享。根据下文“on the Twitter account of the station”，可知是在推特上分享故事，故选D。【33题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：应一个阿根廷家庭的要求，萨瑟兰先生引用了南美国家著名女演员和电视主持人Mirtha Le
81、grand的一段话。A. showed off炫耀；B. put up张贴，公布；C. gave up放弃；D. turned down拒绝。根据上文“Sutherland _12_ a story on the Twitter account of the station”，可知是公布了一段话，故选B。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他没有料到它在节目中得到了主持人高度评价。A. expected期盼，预料；B. believed相信；C. doubted怀疑；D. declared宣布。根据下文“But Im really confused about 20, 000 follow
82、ers on Twitter for Thought of the Day”，说明没想到会出名，故选A。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他告诉英国广播公司。“如果它能帮助别人，给人愉快的感觉，那就好。A. disturbing令人不安的；B. amusing有趣的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. pleasant令人愉快的。根据上文“its helping people”，可知应该是给人愉快的感觉，故选D。第二节 （共 10 小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。How do we prevent transmission o
83、f the virus?This new virus currently has a _36_(limit) geographic spread. _37_, there are a number of standard hygiene(卫生) practices _38_ have been recommended to protect against infection and further spread. These include covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with a medical mask, t
84、issue or flexed elbow; avoiding close contact with those who are unwell; the appropriate use of _39_ (mask) and personal protective equipment, _40_ (especial) in a healthcare setting; washing hands regularly with soap and water, or alcohol-based hand rub. Actions that can be taken to prevent infecti
85、on from _41_animal source include: avoiding unnecessary unprotected contact with animals; washing hands after contact with animals or animal products; and ensuring that animal products are cooked thoroughly before they _42_ (consume)._43_is important to stay home if youre feeling unwell. But if you
86、have a fever, cough, and difficulty _44_ (breath), seek medical care early and share your previous travel history _45_ your healthcare provider.【答案】36. limited 37. However 38. that/which 39. masks 40. especially 41. an 42. are consumed 43. It 44. breathing 45. with【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。介绍了如何防止病毒传播的一些具体措施。【
87、36题详解】考查形容词。句意：这种新病毒目前的地理传播范围有限。修饰名词短语geographic spread用形容词，指有限的地理传播，故填limited。【37题详解】考查连词。句意：然而，有一些标准的卫生措施已被推荐，以防止感染和进一步传播。前后句是转折关系，结合空后的逗号，故填However。【38题详解】考查定语从句。句意同上。句中包含定语从句，先行词是practices指物，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词that/which引导，故填that/which。【39题详解】考查名词复数。句意：适当使用口罩和个人防护设备，特别是在医疗环境中。作介词of的宾语用名词，the use of+
88、名词指“的使用”，此处前面没有冠词，表示泛指用复数，故填masks。【40题详解】考查副词。句意同上。修饰后面的介词短语用副词，意为“特别是在医疗环境中”，故填especially。【41题详解】考查冠词。句意：可以采取的防止来自动物源的感染措施包括：避免与动物进行不必要的无保护的接触。animal是单数可数名词，且开头是元音因素，表示“一种”用an，故填an。【42题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：确保动物产品在食用前彻底煮熟。句中they指的是animal products，与动词consume是被动关系，在从句中作谓语用被动语态。结合全文是一般现在时，故填are consumed。【43题
89、详解】考查代词。句意：如果你感觉不舒服，呆在家里是很重要的。句中用it做形式主语，不定式to stay home是真正主语，故填It。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。此处表示“做某事有困难”用have difficulty (in)doing sth.故填breathing。【45题详解】考查介词。句意：但是如果你有发烧、咳嗽和呼吸困难，尽早就医，和你的医疗服务人员分享你以前的旅行经历。“和某人分享某事”是share sth. with sb.故填with。第四部分 写作（共两小节，满分40分）第一节 （满分15分）46. 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom打算到北京大学学习。他对中国历史很感兴趣
90、，但又觉得汉语言文学专业就业前景更好，向你求助，请给他回一封邮件。内容包括：1. 表示祝贺；2. 你的推荐；3. 期待见面。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Tom,_YoursLi Hua【答案】Dear Tom, Knowing that you have been admitted into Peking University and seek further study here, I am writing to extend my congratulations. As for the major, I recommend that you d
91、evote yourself to the major in Chinese language and literature. Two factors account for this choice. In the first place, as far as I know, you have been learning Chinese idioms on the radio for the past two years, which greatly enriches your Chinese vocabulary and gives you a better understanding of
92、 Chinese culture and customs. In addition, you always hold a dream that one day, you would promote Chinese culture by teaching China-related lessons back in America. Armed with a great command of Chinese language, you can live up to your dream.I cant wait to meet you in Beijing this summer.【解析】【分析】本
93、篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国朋友Tom回复一封电子邮件，就他的专业选择提出你的建议和理由。并表示期待早日重逢。【详解】1.词汇积累表达：expressextend此外：additionallyin addition更加了解：know more abouthave a better understanding of 首先：first of allin the first place2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：I cant wait to meet you in Beijing this summer.拓展句：I cant wait to meet you in Beijing thi
94、s summer, where your path to success in mastering Chinese language begins.【点睛】高分句型1 Knowing that you have been admitted into Peking University and seek further study here, I am writing to extend my congratulations. (运用了现在分词作状语)高分句型2 you always hold a dream that one day, you would promote Chinese cul
95、ture by teaching China-related lessons back in America. (运用了that引导同位语从句)第二节 （满分25分）47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。An urgent call came into Jim Greens bar this past March. A newly married woman who had spent the afternoon at the beach bar, couldnt find her wallet. She didnt c
96、are about her ID, credit cards, or $150 in cash but her wedding ring was inside.Jim, 42, didnt like the idea that a theft could have occurred at his place. So he set out to find the wallet. He spent hours checking the video tapes from 16 different surveillance cameras（监控摄像机）, watching the womans eve
97、ry step in the bar until she went to sit on a bench outside and left when her ride arrived. Within minutes, a young man approached the bench, quickly put something in his pocket, and walked off. Jim posted a clip on the bars Facebook page. “I just asked if anybody knew who the guy was,” Jim said. Wi
98、thin hours, Jim got a text from 17-year-old Peter. Peter admitted to having taken the wallet and told Jim hed done it because he hadnt eaten in two days. He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake, so he took the money and threw the wallet off the public docks into the ocean. Then he bought a s
99、andwich.Jim, unsure whether he believed Peter, told the teen to meet him at the docks. There, they got to talking, and Peter revealed that he wasnt getting along with his family and had been living in the woods for a week. Jim, a father of two, looked closely at Peter his small height, his ruddy che
100、eks and saw him for what he was: more of a kid than a criminal.But the risks were high. The police were already on the case, and because of the missing ring, Peter could be facing a serious crime charge. “I had to help him somehow,” Jim says. The police wanted Jim to bring the teen down to the stati
101、on. Instead, Jim called the police and told them, “Hes going to be at the docks with me tomorrow.” Paragraph 1Jim hired two local divers to search the waters where Peter had thrown the wallet. _Paragraph 2And then a diver popped up. _【答案】One possible version:Paragraph 1Jim hired two local divers to
102、search the waters where Peter had thrown the wallet. A detective was waiting for them there. A crowd had gathered to watch the two divers search in the strong current. More than an hour passed, with no sign of the ring. Jim grew worried, especially when the detective began questioning Peter, trying
103、to get him to admit keeping the ring.Paragraph 2And then a diver popped up. In his hand was the wallet, and inside was the ring. Cheers broke out in the crowd. When Jim called the wallets owner, she burst into tears. She promptly dropped the charge against Peter for stealing the ring. But it wasnt o
104、ver for Jim. Hed been troubled about Peter sleeping in the cold woods. Jim knew his home was big enough to give Peter a place to live in for a while. He told the teen he could stay with his family until the boy got on his feet again.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇读后续写。【详解】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，文章讲述一位叫做吉姆.格林的人通过各种方法帮
105、助一位女士找寻丢失的钱包和结婚戒指的线索。最后通过视频确定了偷钱包和戒指的男生。并且将视频放到了网上。最后偷钱包的男生主动找了吉姆。讲明了偷钱包的原因-多天未吃东西。同时提到所偷到的戒指被丢掉了。续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：吉姆雇了两名当地潜水员在彼得扔钱包的水域搜索。所以这一段主要写潜水员苦寻戒指而不得。另外偷戒指的男生彼得也受到了侦探的盘查。第二段开头是：然后一个潜水员突然出现了。这一段主要写女士的戒指被找到了。女士很高兴于是撤销了对彼得的所有指控。同时吉姆也伸出了援助之手帮助彼得重新站起来。续写时要求使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语增加了写作难度，我们要熟悉所给划线词语，恰当的时候加以运用。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。按要求完成写作任务。【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式：时间状语从句：When Jim called the wallets owner, she burst into tears.；宾语从句：Jim knew his home was big enough to give Peter a place to live in for a while 等。高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。