1、Unit 5Into the unknownStarting out & Understanding ideas词汇积淀素养初探. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词1. Maya civilisation玛雅文明 2. bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面3. be crazy about astronomy着迷天文学4. canal systems运河系统5. fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落, 败落6. abandon the city 离弃城市7. dismiss the theory 否定这个理论8. huge expansion of
2、the population人口的巨大增加. 选词填空correspond to, apply. . . to. . . , be based on, at ones peak, fall into ruin, lead to, deal with, be buried in1. The dog Holly, the faithful companion, has been buried in the castle grounds at a spot the Queen can see from her drawing room window. 2. Marketing is applied
3、to everything these days, and books are no exception. 3. By 700A. D. , Maya civilization was at its peak. 4. This is likely to have led to a series of droughts, each lasting for a couple of years. 5. The president knew how to deal with the crisis. 6. In 1860, the Old Summer Palace fell into ruin wit
4、h fire. 7. My conception of a garden was based on gardens I had visited in England. 8. Their designs, for the most part, correspond to actual needs and regulations on environmental demand. 阅读精研素养构建. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息1. Which achievement isnt mentioned in Paragraph 2? A. pyramidsB. mat
5、hematicsC. astronomy D. agriculture2. What is the authors purpose in starting the passage with the story about William Gadoury? A. To introduce Maya civilisationB. To amuse the readers C. To emphasize the importance of Maya civilisationD. To inform us the location of the Maya city3. Which isnt the r
6、eason for Maya civilisations falling into ruin? A. The Maya people turned wetlands into fields. B. The Maya people dug canal systems. C. A series of droughts. D. Their technology wasnt advanced. 4. What cant we infer from the passage? A. Maya civilisation made a difference to our modern society. B.
7、Both human causes and natural causes led to Maya civilisation disappearing. C. People still cant solve the mystery of Maya civilisation. D. By 700 B. C. , the Maya civilisation was at its peak. 答案: 14. DADD. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句。(1)The fact that Maya society was technologically primi
8、tive (that引导的同位语从句)makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious (make+宾语+adj. 作宾语补足语). 译文: 玛雅社会在技术上是原始的这一事实使得它的成就更加不可思议和神秘。(2)Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason(that引导的宾语从句)why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places (
9、why引导的定语从句). 译文: 许多科学家认为, 这些干旱是玛雅文明在不同地方开始以不同速度崩溃的主要原因。2. 课文语法填空。The 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury found that the location of the 117 known cities correspond to the positions of the stars. (1)Based(base) on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. Maya
10、civilisation has many achievements. They (2)applied(apply)their understanding of mathematics and astronomy to the Maya calendar, (3)which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. The Maya built (4)impressive(impress) palaces and temples, including their representative step pyramids. (5)What is mo
11、st extraordinary is how the architectures were built without using of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. The fact that Maya society was (6)technologically (technological) primitive makes its achievements more incredible and mysterious. By 700AD, Maya civilisation was at (7)its peak, but then
12、it began to mysteriously decline. Here are two main reasons why it fell (8)into ruin. The first one is that the Maya people turned wetlands into fields for growing grains and dug huge canal systems, which caused the Maya people unknowingly to reduce their ability (9)to deal(deal) with natural disast
13、er. Besides, the droughts led to food (10)shortage(short), conflicts and the downfall of the cities. Whatever the reasons, Maya civilisation still leaves various mysteries for later people to solve. 3. 阅读主题活动。(1)What other things do you think could destroy a civilization? The aliens, the social rank
14、ing system, the corruption of its society and so on. (2)What lessons can you learn from the collapse of Maya civilization? How can this information help the development of todays society? Death comes from ease and pleasure; life springs from sorrow and calamity. If we want our society to develop rap
15、idly and steadily, we should move with the times. 要点精研素养奠基1. correspond to与相符; 相当于*Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. 通过比较, 他发现117个已知玛雅城市的位置与恒星的位置相对应。*The gills of a fish correspond to our lungs. 鱼的鳃相当于我们的肺。*Do you e
16、ver correspond with your overseas friends? 你和你国外的朋友通过信吗? *These goods dont correspond with/to the list of those I ordered. 这些货物与我的订货单不相符。*I have been in correspondence with his private consultant about the problem. 词汇复现关于这问题, 我和他的私人顾问一直书信往来。correspond with 与通信; 与相符in correspondence with与通信; 与一致【即学活用
17、】 语法填空(1)The written record of the conversation doesnt correspond to/with what was actually said. (2)They have been in correspondence (correspond) with each other since they left university. (3)In the past, it was difficult to correspond with our relatives. 2. fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落; 败落*Its once-
18、great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve. 它曾经的大城市都衰落了, 留下了各种各样的谜团供后来的人们去解开。*A lot of us fall into the trap of finding happiness from the outside world. 我们许多人都掉入一个陷阱: 从外面世界寻找快乐。*The problems put forward by a freshman generally fall into two categories. 大一新生提出的问
19、题大致分成两类。*The estate owned by the kingdom is now in ruins. 国王曾经拥有的庄园现在成了一片废墟。(1)in ruins 一片废墟(2)fall into 陷入; 分成【即学活用】(1)语法填空Ever since the earthquake, this place has been in ruins. Many ancient sculptures fell into ruin after the earthquake. (2)After the kingdom fell into ruin, the country fell into
20、 many parts. 这个王国衰落后, 国家分成了很多部分。3. abandon v. 离弃; 逃离 *The scientist was forced to abandon doing the research on the problem. 科学家被迫放弃对这个问题的研究。*With so many obstacles on his way to success, he almost abandoned himself to despair. 在成功的路上有那么多的障碍, 他几乎陷入绝望。*Theres only the mountain in this direction, and
21、higher up an old ruin, an abandoned castle. 词汇复现从这个方向望去只看得到这座山, 以及更高处的一处废墟, 一座废弃的城堡。abandon sth. /doing sth. 放弃某事(物)/做某事abandon oneself to sth. /doing sth. 陷入; 沉浸于abandonedadj. 被遗弃的; 被离弃的【即学活用】 语法填空(1)Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect(建筑师), collected more than 7 million abandoned(abandon) br
22、icks of different ages. (2)She admitted that she abandoned herself(she) to a life of pleasure. (3)To our surprise, he abandoned studying(study) Chinese literature at college. (4)The car was found abandoned(abandon)in the desert. 4. dismiss v. 拒绝考虑; 否定; (从头脑中)去除; 解雇*Although his theory has been dismi
23、ssed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people. 尽管他的理论被学者们驳斥了, 但它显示出远古玛雅文明的秘密在人们当中是多么强大。*I think we can safely dismiss their objections. 我认为我们对他们的异议完全可以不予理会。*Vegetarians are no longer dismissed as cranks. 素食主义者不再被当作怪人。*The chairwoman claims she was
24、unfairly dismissed from her post. 词汇复现这个女会长声称自己被无理免职。*I dismissed him from my mind. 我不再想他了。dismiss. . . as. . . 把当作予以否定dismiss. . . from. . . (从头脑中)去除; 从解雇【名师点津】 在日常英式英语中, 说 “开除” 人们一般用 sack, 在日常美式英语中一般用 fire, 而不用 dismiss。【即学活用】 语法填空(1)He just laughed and dismissed my advice as impractical. (2)The em
25、ployee was dismissed from his post last week. (3)The teacher was dismissed (dismiss) from his post for unprofessional conduct. 5. expansion n. 扩大; 增加; 膨胀*One of the possible reasons for its collapse is the huge expansion of the population. 它崩溃的一个原因可能是人口的巨大膨胀。*The company has abandoned plans for furt
26、her expansion. 词汇复现该公司已经放弃了进一步扩张的计划。*Western consultants are now helping Huawei expand into new lines of business. 西方顾问们如今正帮助华为向新的业务领域扩张。*Engineers noticed that the pipes were not expanding as expected. 工程师注意到管道并没有如预期那样膨胀。expand(. . . )into (把) 扩展/发展成contract(反义词)vi. 收缩【易混辨析】“扩大延伸”巧辨析expand 指范围、体积的扩
27、大、 膨胀; enlarge 指面积、体积的扩大; extend 指长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长; spread 指物种、疾病、思想、 文化等的传播、延伸。【即学活用】(1)语法填空Despite the recession the company is confident of further expansion (expand). Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding (expand) the area of the fields. (2)It took only ten y
28、ears for the village to expand into a town. 仅花费了10年这个小村就发展成了一个城镇。6. On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system. 【句式解构】句子中 On top of all this was an achievement 为介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装。*By the window sat a young woman with a book in his hand. 窗边坐着一个年轻女子,
29、 手里拿着一本书。*Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。*Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了, 伞都撑起来了。【名师点津】“完全倒装”两注意(1)为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密, 有时可将作状语或表语的介词短语置于句首, 句中主语和谓语完全倒装。例如: *Among these people was his friend, Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。*Under the tree sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 树下坐着一个年轻人
30、, 手里拿着一本杂志。(2)在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中, 要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致, 而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较: *In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。*In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。【即学活用】(1)语法填空For a moment nothing happened. Then came(come) voices all shouting together. There stands(stand) a stone bridge across the river. Hanging on the wal
31、l is(be) a picture by Van Gogh. (2)At the foot of the mountain lies a village. 山脚下有一个村庄。(3)Here comes the taxi. 出租车来了。【知识延伸】 完全倒装的其他形式here类当表示地点的here和 there位于句首时, 其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词。如: *Theres Jim. 吉姆在那儿。*There goes the bell. 铃响了。这类倒装句的主语只能是名词, 若主语为代词, 则不能倒装。如: *Here it
32、 comes. 它来了。away类副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时, 其后也用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。如: *Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。*The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了, 史密斯先生进来了。这类倒装句的主语也只能是名词, 若主语为代词, 则不用倒装。如: *Away he went. 他跑远了。*Down it came. 它掉了下来。非谓语动词类有时为了强调, 可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词
33、或不定式置于句首, 从而构成倒装。如: *Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。*Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。*To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。【要点拾遗】1. bury v. 将埋在下面; 遮盖; 掩藏(感情、错误等)*Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya cit
34、y buried deep in the jungle. 基于此, 他相信他发现了一个不知名的玛雅城市被埋藏在丛林深处。*The letters from the detective got buried under a pile of papers. 来自私家侦探的信被压在一堆文件底下。*She had learnt to bury her feelings, especially when she was angry. 她已经学会了感情不外露尤其生气时。*He buried his face in his hands and wept. 他双手掩面而泣。*He was so buried
35、in his work that the noise outside the window just washed over him. 他埋头工作, 丝毫不为窗外的嘈杂声所动。bury ones face/head in ones hands (因难过)双手掩面/抱头bury oneself in. . . 埋头类似的短语有: devote oneself to 致力于abandon oneself in 沉浸于absorb oneself in. . . 使全神贯注于lost oneself in 沉浸于【即学活用】(1)语法填空Buried(bury)in the book; she di
36、d not notice what had happened. Ever since he moved there, he has been buried(bury)in his research work. (2)Burying himself in/Buried in his study, the scientist knew nothing about the matter. 埋头于研究, 这个科学家对此事一点不知道。2. apply. . . to. . . 把运用到*They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar, which
37、 was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. 他们将这种理解应用到每年精确到30秒以内的玛雅历法中。*In 1998, he applied to be a member of Project 921, which is now called Shenzhou. 1998 年, 他申请成为“921”计划即现名“神舟”计划的一员。*The freshman is applying to Beijing University for the fellowship. 这个大一新生在向北京大学申请奖学金。*Faulks has applied himself
38、 to this task with considerable energy. 福克斯为这项任务倾注了大量精力。*The conventional rule does not apply to us. 词汇复现这条惯例对我们不适用。apply to 适用于apply to sb. to do sth. 向申请做某事apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物apply oneself to(doing)sth. 致力于, 专心于apply v. application n. 申请applicant n. 申请人【即学活用】(1)语法填空(2019全国卷)In order to p
39、ass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions. (2018天津高考)Im writing to apply to join(join) the English Association of our school , thinking that Im well qualified for the job. (2)You can apply those rules t
40、o this case. 你可以把那些规则运用于这一情况。(3)They may apply to join the organization devoted to charity. 他们可以申请加入这个致力于慈善的组织。3. lead to导致; 通向*These droughts would have led to food shortages, conflicts and, ultimately, the downfall of the cities. 这些干旱会导致粮食短缺、冲突, 最终导致城市的崩溃。*Im bound to say that it seems to me this
41、is certain to lead to violence. 我不得不说, 在我看来这肯定会引发暴力事件。*The tough market would lead to 400 jobs being cut in the first half of this year. 形势严峻的市场将导致今年上半年400个职位的削减。*All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。lead sb. to sp. 领着某人到某地【知识延伸】 含介词to 的动词短语: stick to 坚持object to反对appeal to呼吁; 吸引belong to属于turn to转向; 求助于
42、pay attention to注意look forward to期待; 盼望【即学活用】(1)语法填空 Failure often lies in laziness while hard work leads to success. The discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught(catch). (2)On the road leading to your future, laziness can lead to failure. 在通往未来的道路上, 懒惰会导致失败。4. By changing the landsca
43、pe in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters. 通过这种方式改变地形, 玛雅人有可能在不知不觉中降低了他们应对自然灾害的能力。【句式解构】本句为it is possible that从句, it为形式主语。*It is possible/probable/likely that the trainee is qualified for the challenging job. 这个实习生可能胜任这份挑战性的工
44、作。*Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires? 你认为机器人有可能有自己的需求和愿望吗? *They are likely to respond positively to the Presidents request for aid. 他们可能会对总统的援助要求作出积极回应。*Im very excited about the possibility of playing for Englands first team. 想到可能为英格兰首屈一指的球队效力, 我非常兴奋。*There
45、is now no possibility that she will make a full recovery. 她现在已不可能完全康复。【易混辨析】possible/probable/likelypossibleIt is possible(for sb. )to do sth. It is possible that. . . probableIt is probable that. . . likelysb. /sth. is likely to do sth. It is likely that. . . 【知识延伸】 the possibility of (doing) sth.
46、(做)某事的可能性Theres a/no possibility that. . . 有/没有可能【即学活用】(1)语法填空There seems to be no possibility(possible)that the girl has witnessed the incident. Theres a possibility that the train may be late due to the heavy snow. (2)一句多译他很可能会丢掉工作。It is possible/probable/likely that he will lose his job. There is
47、 a possibility that he will lose his job. He is likely to lose his job. It is possible for him to lose his job. 1. Modern civilization is built on concrete and steel. Put the two together, though, and you can generate a problem. 现代文明是建立在钢筋混凝土基础上的。然而, 将两者结合起来, 就会产生一个问题。2. Recent polls show Biden beat
48、ing Trump by a wide margin, but the president is eager to dismiss the entire Democratic field as too far to the left. 最近的民意调查显示, 拜登以巨大优势领先于特朗普, 不过特朗普想要将整个民主党斥为极左翼。3. “Partnering with an established organization like Coty will be instrumental in the advancement of my brands as their global reach allo
49、ws for faster expansion so people around the world are able to experience new launches first hand, ” Kardashian West said in the release. 卡戴珊维斯特在新闻稿中说: “和科蒂这样的大公司合作对提升我的品牌很有帮助, 因为他们的全球影响力可以使我们快速扩展业务, 全球的人都能亲身体验新推出的产品。”4. A beer in one of Budapests ruin pubs is a must when visiting the city. 在你游览这座城市
50、时, 一定要去布达佩斯的一个废墟酒吧喝杯啤酒。5. In a functioning marketplace, producers of goods the consumers dont want would quickly have to abandon such endeavors and focus their efforts into productive areas of the economy. 在一个运作良好的市场中, 消费者不想要的商品的生产者很快就不得不放弃这种努力, 把精力集中在经济生产领域。课时检测素养达标. 单句语法填空1. Mr Johnson lived in th
51、e woods with his wife and children. He owned an farm, which looked almost abandoned(abandon). 2. But the problem should not be dismissed ( dismiss) out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. 3. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand(expa
52、nd) their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. 4. He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried (bury)in the pockets of his dark overcoat. 5. He burned all the important documents for fear that they should fall into the enemys hands. 6. At his peak, the writer was able to p
53、roduce up to 10 novels a year. 7. (2019天津高考) Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. 8. The goods do not correspond to/with the samples you sent me. 9. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney (肾) failure and dea
54、th. 10. When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins(ruin). . 句型转换1. It is possible that she has reached the destination. =She is likely to have reached the destination. (sb. /sth. be likely to do)2. The thing he said doesnt correspond to the thing he did. =Wha
55、t he said doesnt correspond to what he did. (名词性从句)3. The girl who is dressed in a red coat is the bride. =The girl dressed in a red coat is the bride. (形容词短语作定语)4. The reason why I was absent from the meeting was that it rained. =It raining, I was absent from the meeting. (独立主格)5. A small wooden ho
56、use stands at the edge of the wood. =At the edge of the wood stands a small wooden house. (完全倒装). 完成句子1. Buried in reading, he didnt notice the Christmas tree decorated with many decorations. 埋头阅读, 他没有注意到装饰了许多装饰物的圣诞树。2. It doesnt matter what others think of you, and what matters most is how you see
57、yourself. 别人怎么看你并不重要, 最重要的是你如何看待自己。3. They drove to the palace, with the crowds cheering. 在人群的欢呼声中, 他们驱车来到皇宫。4. The fact that her son wasnt admitted into a university made her disappointed. 他儿子没被大学录取的事实使她失望。5. On the top of the mountain lies a temple, in which lived three monks. 山上有座庙, 庙里住着三个和尚。. 结合
58、课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型, 根据提示写一篇50个词左右的短文 1. 众所周知, 被神秘包围的玛雅文明一直吸引着人们。 (主语从句/形容词短语作定语/intrigue)2. 最不寻常的是这些令人印象深刻的建筑是如何建造的, 没有使用轮子、金属工具, 甚至没有使用动物的力量。(主语从句/表语从句)3. 它之所以陷入废墟, 是因为玛雅人在不知不觉中降低了应对自然灾害的能力。(表语从句/deal with/fall into ruin)It is known that Maya civilization surrounded by mystery has been intriguing people. What is most extraordinary is how the impressive architectures were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. The reason why it fell into ruin is that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.