1、Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia课时作业.阅读(2020安徽六校教育研究会高三第一次素质测试)Breathing dirty air comes at a high price. Air pollution lowers the average life spans (寿命) by a year worldwide and in more polluted parts of Asia and Africa, dirty air shortens lives up to twice that much. Scientists shared their new finding
2、s in Environmental Science & Technology Letters. The study used data gathered in 2016 as part of a project known as the Global Burden of Disease and was the first major countrybycountry look at the connection between the length of life and whats known as fine PM.Air pollution has been linked to many
3、 health problems. Most earlier studies had looked at how tiny air pollutants affected rates of illness or death. Joshua Apte is an environmental scientist at the University of Texas at Austin. By looking at life expectancy (预期寿命), his team had hoped to make the threat easier to understand. PM2.5 is
4、what scientists call tiny particles (颗粒) of pollution in the air. Higher levels of PM2.5 can cause health problems and cut months, if not years, from the average length of life. This analysis shows how pollution affects life expectancy in different parts of the world.The World Health Organization (W
5、HO) recommends limiting PM2.5 to 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air. Aptes group calculated how holding pollution to this low level would help people. In countries with very dirty air, meeting this standard would lengthen peoples lives. However, in countries whose air already meets this standard,
6、the study shows no gain in life expectancy. In other words, meeting the WHO standard wont reduce health costs resulting from dirty air because even below 10 micrograms per cubic meter, pollution still causes serious risks. Meanwhile, the scientists compared how other threats including smoking and ca
7、ncer shorten the length of life across the globe.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新发现，同时，该研究分析了不同国家居民的寿命与PM之间的关系。1What is special about the study?AIt won recognition from a professional journal.BIt discussed health problems caused by air pollution.CIt gathered lots of data for the Global Burden of Disease.DIt
8、 analyzed the link between life spans and PM by country.答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The study used data gathered in 2016 as part of a project known as the Global Burden of Disease and was the first major countrybycountry look at the connection between the length of life and whats known as fine PM.”可知，研究的特殊之处是
9、该研究分析了不同国家居民的寿命与PM之间的关系。故选D。2What is Joshua Aptes team trying to do?AHelp people better understand air pollution.BStudy life expectancy in different countries.CKnow how small air pollutants affect health.DDeal with different kinds of health problems.答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Joshua Apte is an environmental
10、scientist at the University of Texas at Austin. By looking at life expectancy (预期寿命), his team had hoped to make the threat easier to understand.”可知，通过观察预期寿命，他的团队希望能让这种威胁更容易理解，帮助人们更好地了解空气污染。故选A。3What will happen if a country limits PM2.5 to 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air?APeoples life spans wi
11、ll surely increase.BIt will get strong support from the WHO.CPeoples health may not be much improved.DIt will guarantee people clean air.答案：C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In other words, meeting the WHO standard wont reduce health costs resulting from dirty air because even below 10 micrograms per cubic meter, pol
12、lution still causes serious risks.”可知，如果一个国家将PM2.5浓度限制在每立方米10微克，人们的健康状况可能不会有太大改善。故选C。4What might be discussed in the following paragraphs?AHow cleaning up the air can lengthen lives.BHow air pollution shortens lives by country.CHow other threats shorten life expectancy.DHow all the countries deal wi
13、th severe pollution.答案：C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Meanwhile, the scientists compared how other threats including smoking and cancer shorten the length of life across the globe.”可推知，接下来要讨论的是“吸烟和癌症等其他威胁如何缩短预期寿命。”故选C。【词汇积累】pollutant n. 污染物；污染物质analysis n. 分析，分析结果calculate v. 计算；核算result from 起因于；由造成【难句分析】原文：In ot
14、her words, meeting the WHO standard wont reduce health costs resulting from dirty air because even below 10 micrograms per cubic meter, pollution still causes serious risks. 换句话说，达到世界卫生组织的标准并不能减少空气污染造成的健康成本，因为即使低于每立方米10微克，污染仍然会造成严重的风险。(最后一段倒数第二句)分析：本句为主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句，主句中meeting the WHO standar
15、d为动名词短语作主语，resulting from dirty air为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词health costs。.完形填空Recently, I flew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting. As we were about to arrive, the pilot announced that there would be a slight _1_ before setting down. A sandstorm had _2_ the airport to close all but one running. He said that we
16、 would be _3_ the city for a few minutes, waiting to _4_. We were also told to remain in our seats with our seat belts fastened, because there might be a few bumps (颠簸). Well, that few minutes turned into about fortyfive minutes, including a ride that would make a roller coaster (过山车) _5_ by compari
17、son.The movement was so fierce that several passengers felt _6_ and had to use airsickness bags. As you might guess, thats not a good thing to experience in a(n) _7_ space because it only _8_ to increase the discomfort of the situation.About twenty minutes into the adventure, the entire airplane bec
18、ame very _9_.There was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be _10_ noticed. Every passenger simply held on for dear life . except one. A baby was having a good time! With each bump of the _11_ he would let out a giggle (咯咯笑) of delight. As I observed this, I _12_ that he didnt know he was sup
19、posed to be afraid and worried about his safety. He neither thought about the past nor about the future. Those are what we grownups have learned from _13_. He was enjoying the ride because he had not yet been taught to fear it. Having understood this, I took a deep breath and _14_ back into my seat,
20、 pretending I was _15_ on a roller coaster. I smiled for the rest of the flight. I even managed to giggle once.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章记述了作者的一次经历。一次因开会去拉斯维加斯时，飞机因沙尘暴而延时降落，在不断延长的等待和飞机剧烈的颠簸中，成年人焦急、害怕，唯独不知恐惧的婴儿却在享受着过山车一样的颠簸。因此作者也深受启发，体验了一次孩子的享受。1A.mistakeBdelayCchangeDwind答案：B根据后文中的“sandstorm”可知因沙尘暴的缘故只剩下一条跑道让
21、飞机降落，由此推断飞机应为延时降落，故答案选B。2A.forcedBwarnedCsweptDreminded答案：A根据上下文可知由于沙漠的大风机场不得不关闭了所有的飞机跑道，只剩下其中一个，force sb. to do sth. “强迫某人做某事”，其他选项均不符合语境，故答案选A。3A.watchingBvisitingCcirclingDcrossing答案：C由情理推断飞机在等待降落的过程中应该是绕城市上空盘旋。故答案选C。4A.arriveBenterCstopDland答案：D根据上文可知由于飞机跑道的关闭，作者乘坐的飞机必须在空中等待降落。故答案选D。5A.lightBpal
22、eCdarkDquick答案：B固定短语make sb. pale by comparison “使相形见绌”，此处用以强调飞机在空中极不稳定，比过山车还要惊险，故答案选B。6A.sickBnervousCangryDafraid答案：A根据后面的“use airsickness bags”可知几名乘客在猛烈的颠簸下感到恶心，难受，所以答案选A。句意：像过山车一样的巨烈颠簸使旅客恶心而不得不用呕吐袋。7A.emptyBnarrowCsecretDopen答案：B空前的that指的是use airsickness bags，也就是发生在飞机上狭小空间中的呕吐，因此选用narrow“狭窄的”，后面
23、的space指的是座位处的空间。故答案选B。8A.servesBaimsCfailsDhappens答案：A根据上下文可知在晕机的情形下本来就很难受，在飞机上呕吐使得这种难受更加强烈，此处serve意为“起作用，用作”，故答案选A。9A.quietBhotCdirtyDcrowded答案：A根据下文对情形的描述“There was now a sense of anxiety and fear”可以推测当时人们都很紧张、焦虑，在这种情形下飞机上的人一定是静悄悄的，故答案选A。10A.partlyBgraduallyCshortlyDclearly答案：D由上下文的讲述可以推测在当时的情形下人们
24、的焦躁不安，应该是能够很明显地被感觉到，而且“Every passenger simply held on for . except one.”也是重要提示，故答案选D。11A.seatsBpassengersCflightDairplane答案：D从上文可知作者主要讲述飞机在降落期间的颠簸让人们产生了焦躁感，由此推测应是飞机的每一次颠簸让孩子体验坐过山车一样的感受，因此孩子发出咯咯的笑声，故答案选D。12A.realizedBhopedCagreedDinsisted答案：A根据语境可知看到孩子的这种表现作者意识到在这种状况下孩子不知道他应该害怕和担心，其他选项不符合语境，故答案选A。13A
25、.teachersBbooksCexperienceDtheories答案：C由情理可知成年人都是从孩子时代过来的，他们亲身经历过不知道什么是害怕和担心的时期，故答案选C。14A.satBlayCwentDrode答案：Asat back into my seat意为“坐回到座位上”，其他选项不合语境，故答案选A。15A.nearlyBfinallyCreallyDsuddenly答案：C由下文可知作者从孩子的表现意识到了对害怕的无畏无惧会让人享受每一刻，由此推测他在座位上坐好，假装真的坐上了过山车，准备和孩子一样也去享受坐过山车的快乐，其他选项均不合语境。故答案选C。.七选五(2020湖北省
26、宜昌市部分示范高中教学协作体高三试题)Its very common these days for people to take some sort of regular exercise each week. But if youve never done it before, whats the best way to go about it? _1_ He or she will create a personalized plan for you based on your aims.However, each hourly session can be steep consideri
27、ng you have to pay both the personal trainer and membership of the gym, too. So whats left? Well, if you have the courage to do it, you can make your own plan. Its relatively easy to do if you have the knowhow. _2_First, keep your fitness goal in mind. Are you looking to slim down or increase your a
28、bilities? Whatever it is, make sure the things you choose to do are achieving that goal. Next, do your research. _3_ Watch as many of these as possible, but make sure to be a little critical of themeveryone has a different physique and what works for one may not work for another. Finally, keep your
29、feet on the ground. _4_ It takes at least three months to see any realistic body changes. And dont be overzealous (过度热衷的)never work in paina good workout is difficult and challenging, but never painful. Pain means you are damaging yourself.If nothing else, focus on calisthenics (健身操). _5_ Do as many
30、 of one exercise as you can without stopping, and then try and repeat that number twice moremake sure you sweat, and dont forget to rest for a minute in between each activity!ABe patient with yourself and set realistic goals.BBut before you do, here are some basic pointers.CWell, many people make us
31、e of a personal trainer.DThey just dont want to design their own workout plan.EThese days, social media is full of fitness videos and advice.FFind a way to make each exercise more difficult as you get in shape.GThese are the basic body movements which everyone can do anywhere. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了关于健
32、身的三个步骤：设定一个健身目标；寻找适合自己的健身方案；脚踏实地，坚持训练。最后，作者建议可以尝试健美操。1C根据下文“He or she will create a personalized plan for you based on your aims. (他/她会根据你的目标为你制定个性化的计划。)”可推知，私人教练会根据你的目标为你制定个性化的计划。故选C。2B结合下文“First, keep your fitness goal in mind. (首先，脑海中有一个健身目标。)”和“Next, do your research. (接下来，做调查。)”以及“Finally, keep
33、 your feet on the ground. (最后，要脚踏实地。)”可知，是在说明一些步骤，故B项(但是在你做之前，这里有一些基本的建议)符合语境。3E根据下文“Watch as many of these as possible, but make sure to be a little critical of themeveryone has a different physique and what works for one may not work for another. (尽可能多看一些视频，但要以批判的眼光看待他们每个人体型不同，适合这个人的不一定适合另一个人。)”可知
34、E项(如今，社交媒体上充斥着健身视频和建议)引起下文，符合语境。4A根据下文“It takes at least three months to see any realistic body changes. (至少要三个月才能看到切实的身体变化。)”可知，因为需要的时间很长，因此对自己要有耐心，并制定现实的目标。故选A。5G根据上文“If nothing else, focus on calisthenics.(如果手头没有什么事情，那就专注于健美操。)”下文接着解释说明：健身操是每个人可以随时随地习练的基本身体动作。故选G。.应用文写作(2020甘肃省天水一中第一学期第一次考试)目前，每个
35、城市每天都产生大量垃圾，垃圾分类刻不容缓。请根据下列提示，写一篇治理垃圾的倡议书。1严峻形势：每天产生大量垃圾，已成为令每个城市头疼的问题。2垃圾分类的意义：减少垃圾量和垃圾对环境的污染；回收资源，有利于环境保护。3呼吁：政府应采取有效措施，在公共场所放置不同垃圾箱供市民投放不同的垃圾。注意：1.词数80左右；2内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。参考词汇：垃圾分类 rubbish classification 精彩范文A lot of rubbish is produced every day, such as leftover food, waste paper, plastic bottles
36、 and batteries. It has become a big headache in every city. How to solve this problem? I think rubbish classification is a good way of dealing with it.Firstly, rubbish classification can reduce the amount of rubbish and the rubbish pollution to the environment. What is more, it can recycle resources
37、, which will do good to our environmental protection.Since rubbish classification has so many advantages, our government should take effective measures and immediate actions to promote it. Seperate bins should be placed in public places so that residents can leave their sorted rubbish into them.写作思路
38、指导.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。With global warming and melting ice, it isnt easy being a polar bear anymore. Some studies have predicted that polar bears could die out by the end of the century. The good news is not all researchers think the bears are absolutely disappearing. Scientists at the Ame
39、rican Museum of Natural History (AMNH) have published a new paper indicating that things might not be as bad for polar bears as some scientists expect.To understand the reason for the researchers cautious optimism, we must first understand the factors that are threatening the polar bears existence.
40、Polar bears consume a diet of mainly young seals. In order to hunt these seals, polar bears need to rest at the top of sea icethe same ice that is increasingly melting for most of the year thanks to climate change. In another 50 years, experts expect that the Arctic will be too warm for sea ice to f
41、orm for half of the year, leaving polar bears without a reliable food source and in serious danger of starvation.As it turns out, alternative food sources for the polar bears arent completely out of the question. For as long as biologists have tailed after the animals, theyve seen polar bears eating
42、 animals found on land like caribou (驯鹿) and snow geeseas well as the snow geeses eggs.Can polar bears actually survive off these alternative food sources for long periods of time? To figure this out, researchers calculated the nutrients that a caribou and snow geese diet would provide. They found t
43、hat even adult male polar bears would be able to obtain more calories than they would burn in hunting these meals. Moreover, the food would provide the food necessary to avoid starvation during the summer months.Unfortunately, not all polar bears have tended to seek food on land. That said, the rese
44、archers expect that necessity would push more polar bears to hunt on land to avoid starvation. They also expect that the bears could learn from their fellow bears how to hunt on land until the practice becomes second nature. 写前导读：本文是一篇说明文。随着全球变暖，冰层融化，北极熊会不会灭亡呢？本文给出了不同看法。精彩范文With global warming and m
45、elting ice, some scientists think that polar bears could die out by the end of the century. (要点1) However, other scientists dont think so. (要点2) They find polar bears have found alternative food sources and they can survive by hunting animals on land instead of young seals. (要点3) The researchers expect all polar bears learn how to hunt on land to avoid starvation. (要点4)