1、Unit 4 Astronomy：thescience of the starsPart Grammar&Writing单元语法解析 Grammar名词性从句()：主语从句一、概念主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的句子，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。二、基本用法1连接词 that 和 whether(1)that 在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。That she survived the accident is a miracle.她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。(2)whether 在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用
2、，意为“是否”，不可省略。Whether we will build a new high school hasnt been decided.我们是否会建一所新的中学还没有定下来。Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference.我们乘火车还是乘船没差别。2连接代词(who,whose,whom,what,which,whichever,whoever,whomever,whatever 等)连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。Whoever did this job must be rewarded.无论谁做
3、了这项工作一定要得到酬谢。Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。Whichever(of you)comes in first will receive a prize.无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。3连接副词(when,where,how,why 等)连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。How this happened is not clear to anyone.这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。Where we shall do the test is sti
4、ll under discussion.我们在什么地方做这个实验还在讨论。关键点拨 主语从句中连接词的选择技巧(1)根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分。(2)根据连接词在从句中的意义。4主语从句中用 it 作形式主语的结构(1)Itbe形容词(obvious,true,natural,strange,etc.)主语从句It is important that he should know about this.他应该知道此事是重要的。关键点拨 在“Itbe形容词主语从句”结构中，若形容词为 important/necessary/strange 等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。(
5、2)Itbe名词词组(no wonder,an honour,a pity,a/no surprise,etc.)主语从句Its a pity that I cant attend your wedding.很遗憾我不能参加你的婚礼。(3)Itbe过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,proved,etc.)主语从句It is suggested that the meeting be put off.有人建议会议延期召开。关键点拨 在“Itbe过去分词主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为 suggested/ordered/required/advised 等，主
6、语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。(4)It不及物动词(happen,seem,appear,remain,etc.)主语从句It seems to me that you disagree with the plan.在我看来，你好像不赞成这个计划。(5)It及物动词宾语主语从句It surprised him why they came to visit him suddenly.让他吃惊的是他们为什么突然都来看他。请做：随堂巩固验收语法对接高考 用适当的连接词填空1Every year,_ makes the most beautiful kite will win a priz
7、e in the Kite Festival.解析 句意：每年，在风筝节上，制作出最漂亮的风筝的人会赢得一份奖品。设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语成分，且表示“无论谁”，故填 whoever。答案 whoever2Your support is important to our work._ you can do helps.解析 句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都有帮助。本题考查主语从句。“_ you can do”为主语从句，该从句缺少宾语，且表示“任何事情”，故答案为Whatever(相当于 Anything that)。答案 Whatever3It is often
8、 the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.解析 句意：对于那些不放弃希望的人来说，发生任何事情都是有可能的，这是很常见的。考查主语从句。本句中 it 为形式主语，“_ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope”为真正的主语；该从句结构完整，故由 that 引导。答案 that4_ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.解析 句意：我们理解事物的方式与我们的认知有很大关系。“_ we
9、 understand things”为主语从句，该从句中缺少方式状语(如何)，故用 How。答案 How5_ Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some wont accept it.解析 句意：李白，伟大的中国诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。“_ Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born”为主语从句。该从句中缺少地点状语，故答案为Where。答案 Where话题写作指导 Writing解决问题类作文解决问题型说明文，就是针对某一问题提出具体的解决方
10、法并进行适当论述，给读者提供知识，使之掌握解决问题的方法。此类作文的篇章结构如下：一、基本格式1提出问题或阐述某件事情的重要性；2列举说明处理某事的方式或解决某个问题的途径；3针对提出的解决方法进行简要评价，也可提出个人建议或选择，并阐述理由。二、常用词句1First of all.Secondly,.Thirdly，.Last but not least.2Now that the causes for.are organized，some solutions must be made in order to.3In my opinion,the best way to solve the
11、problem is.4My tips are as follows.5The reasons for.can be listed as follows.6If I.,here is a problem I might have.7Perhaps I would use.8In my opinion,youd better.写作提示水是生命之源，而在现实生活中，浪费水的现象屡见不鲜。请你以“How to Save Water”为题，写一篇 100 词左右的英语短文，提出解决办法。内容包括：1.说明节约用水的重要性；2提出节约用水的具体方法；3发出号召。写作要点1第一段：对浪费水这一现象进行描述
12、；2第二段：节约用水的途径；3第三段：号召人们要节约用水。经典范文How to Save WaterIt is common that a_large_amount_of water is wasted in our daily life.However,water shortage is becoming increasingly severe,so we must learn how to save water.In fact,it_is_high_time_we thought of ways to save water.Firstly，an effective way,I think,
13、is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use.Secondly，new methods need to be developed to use the existing water resources，for example,turning sea water into fresh water.Thirdly，we must stop water pollution by law.Last_but_not_least，its everyones responsibility to make_good_use_of water,su
14、ch as recycling and saving water in our daily life.Only_when everyone takes_an_active_part can we really help save our limited_water_resources.精彩点评本文运用了较高级的词汇，如 a large amount of“大量”，make good use of“好好利用”，take an active part“积极参与”，limited water resources“有限的水资源”，等。用了 firstly,secondly,thirdly,last b
15、ut not least 等连接词。还有高级句式，如 It is high time(that).“到了做某事的时候了”，“only从句”放句首，句子采用部分倒装，等。为了帮助中学生健康成长，某中学英文报开辟了“HEARTTOHEART”专栏。假设你是该栏目的编辑 Jamie，收到一封署名为 Worried 的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰：近日容易发脾气，使正常的学习和生活受到了影响。请用英文给该同学写一封回信。内容要点如下：1表示理解并给予安慰；2提出建议并说明理由。注意：1.词数 120 左右；2信中不能出现与本人相关的信息；3信的开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：脾
16、气，情绪 temper n.Hi Worried，Im sorry to know that youre having such a bad time at the moment._Yours，Jamie答案Hi_Worried，Im_sorry_to_know_that_youre_having_such_a_bad_time_at_the_moment.The truth is that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong,so you dont have to worry s
17、o much.The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything youll regret.Here are three useful tips：First,talk to someone you trust about how you feel.This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself.Second,go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.And third,remain optimistic about your future.Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.I hope youll soon feel calmer and carry on as normal.Yours，Jamie