1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家单元语法(二)限制性和非限制性定语从句语法图解语法感悟单句语法填空1Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.2The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.3The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.4I borrowed th
2、e book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me.5Were trying to reach a point where/in_which both sides will sit down together and talk.定语从句主要是用来修饰它前面的先行词(名词或代词)的从句，所以又称形容词性从句。根据从句与先行词的关系，定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。一、限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。The
3、foreigner who/that visited our school is Toms English teacher.参观我们学校的这个外国人是汤姆的英语老师。二、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，起补充说明的作用，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。He is an American, which I know from his accent.他是美国人，我是从他的口音上知道的。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词关系代词有as, which, who, whom, whose等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when, where
4、等，作定语从句的状语。引导词也可以是“介词which(whom, whose)”，但在固定的介词短语里，介词一般是不可提前用于该结构的。关系代词和关系副词在非限制性定语从句中一般不能省略。Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous?你看过泰坦尼克号这部电影吗？它的男主演可是世界闻名的。My daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week.我女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。即学即用1单句语法填空1She has a sister, who i
5、s a teacher.2Who is the woman that you talked with just now?3He didnt pass the exam, which disappointed me.4The Heavenly Lake, which is one of the world famous scenic spots, is on Tianshan Mountain.5She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1作用不同限制性定语从句用
6、来修饰和说明先行词，具有限制作用；而非限制性定语从句一般跟先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词的附和、补充说明，不起限制作用，可以省略，省略后主句的意思仍然完整。His brother who lives in London will go to America next week.他住在伦敦的哥哥下周将去美国。(限制性定语从句，意思是他可能还有别的哥哥。)His brother, who lives in London, will go to America next week.他的哥哥住在伦敦，下周将去美国。(非限制性定语从句，对先行词his brother起到补充说明的作用，言外之意是
7、他只有一个哥哥。)2形式不同限制性定语从句主句和从句之间没有逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句常用逗号隔开从句和主句。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.正在和我父亲握手的那个人是个警察。The project, which lasted three years, cost $1 billion.这项工程历时三年，耗资十亿美元。3先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词通常是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的关系词可以指代主句的部分或全部内容。This is the best film that I have ever see
8、n.这是我曾经看过的最好的电影。(先行词是film)The film is very interesting, which makes me very glad.这部电影很有意思，这让我很高兴。(which指代前面句子的内容)4关系词的使用情况不同(1)that不用于引导非限制性定语从句I didnt pass the exam, which disappointed my teacher.我没有通过考试，这让我的老师很失望。(2)关系代词替代情况不同关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。This is the boy wh
9、om/who I met at the theatre.这是我在剧院遇到的那个男孩。A young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。(3)关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可省略。This is a good film (which/that) I saw a few days ago.这是我前几天刚看过的一部好影片。The summer holiday, which were looking forward
10、 to, is drawing near.我们盼望的暑假就要来了。5翻译不同含限制性定语从句的句子先译从句，后译先行词，将从句放在先行词前。含非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译先行词，后译从句，形成两个分句。She has a brother who works in a hospital.她有一个在医院工作的哥哥。She has a brother, who works in a hospital.她有一个哥哥，在医院工作。即学即用2单句语法填空1A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.2She didnt tell me the r
11、eason why she refused the offer.3People take naps at noon in hotter climates, where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon.4Mr White will come to the party on Sunday, which he promised to every one of us.5If a shop has chairs where women can park their men, women will spend more time i
12、n the shop.四、as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别1which与as都可以引导非限制性定语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句要置于句尾，而as引导的非限制性定语从句位置相对灵活，可放在句首，也可以放在句尾。As he realised, I was very useful to him.正像他所意识到的那样，我对他非常有用。Air, as we know, is a kind of gas.空气，众所周知，是一种气体。He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent.他是个外国人，正像我从他的口音判断的那样。He came lat
13、e again, which made his boss very angry.他又来晚了，这一点使他的老板很生气。2which引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，可以用and this代替，意思是“这一点”“这件事”。而as引导的从句主要起连接上下文的作用，常有“正如/如同那样”“就像”的含义，多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case这是常有的事as is expected 正如所料as is known to all 众所周知as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的as often happens 正如经常发生的那样Mummy always treat
14、s me just like a baby, which I cant bear.妈妈老把我当成小孩对待，这让我无法忍受。Things will turn out contrary to ones wishes, as is often the case.事与愿违，这是常有的事。即学即用3单句语法填空1Tom was always speaking highly of his role in the play, of course, which made the others unhappy.2As we all know, China is a developing country.3“Yo
15、u cant judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.4There is no simple answer, as is often the case in science.5Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected.单句语法填空1This computer costs (cost) 2,000 dollars. Is it expensive?2These apples taste (taste)
16、 delicious and I have eaten five of them.3The president arrived (arrive) at the airport at five oclock.4The house he is living in belongs (belong) to his brother.5The leaves on the tree are_turning (turn) yellow.6We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of whom are healthy.7In the di
17、stance there is a hill, on the top of which stands a white temple.8I have never been to Dalian, which is said to be an attractive city.9The sun gives off light and warmth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.10This is the house which/that we bought last month.完成句子1Our school has two foreign t
18、eachers, both_of_whom_are_from_America.我们学校有两个外教，他们都来自美国。2The couple felt most angry about the way in_which_the_waiter_of_the_hotel_treated_them.这对夫妇对宾馆里的服务员招待他们的方式很生气。3Beijing, which_is_our_capital,_is a very beautiful city.北京是一座美丽的城市，它是我们的首都。4I have told them the reason, for_which_I_didnt_attend_t
19、he_meeting.我已告诉他们我没有参加会议的原因了。5This is the piano for which I paid 12,000 yuan/on which I spent 12,000 yuan last month.这就是我上个月花了12 000元买的钢琴。6Dont say sorry. We understand_your_difficulty.不用说对不起，我们理解你的难处。7Many problems remain_to_be_solved.有许多问题尚待解决。8The young girl seems_much_better_this_morning.今天早上那个小姑娘看上去好多了。9There is no reason to_suppose_shes_lying.认为她在说谎完全没道理。10The_dish_smells_so_good that I cant wait to eat it!这菜闻起来太香了，我都等不及要吃了！- 7 - 版权所有高考资源网
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