1、Unit 4 Astronomy：thescience of the starsPart Learning about Language&Using Language课前自主预习.重点单词1_ vi.&.vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n.漂浮物2_ n&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力3_ n卫星；人造卫星4_ vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落5_ n气候6_ n万有引力；重力7_ n宇宙飞船答案 1.float 2.pull 3.satellite 4.crash5climate 6.gravity 7.spaceship.词汇拓展1_ n生物学_ n生物学家2_ adj.温和的；文雅的_ adv.温和地3
2、_ n物理学家_ n物理学_ adj.物理的；物理学的；体力的4_ adj.灭绝的；绝种的_ n灭绝；绝种5_ adv.失重地_ adj.失重的答案 1.biology;biologist 2.gentle;gently3physicist;physics;physical 4.extinct;extinction5weightlessly;weightless.重点短语1既然 _2结果 _3感到高兴；感到振奋 _4挡住(光线)_5熟悉；掌握；理解 _6break out _7watch out for _8make a trip _9get close to _10fall over _答案
3、 1.now that 2.as a result 3.cheer up4block out 5.get the hang of 6.(战争、火灾、疾病等的)突发；爆发 7.密切注视；当心；提防 8.去旅行9接近；靠近 10.跌倒；摔倒.重点句式1asadj.a/ann.as.“像一样的”When we get closer to the moon,we shall feel its gravity pulling us,but it will not be _ the earths.当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。2倍数asadj./ad
4、v.原级as.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried _ on the earth and fell over.当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。答案 1.as strong a pull as 2.twice as far as.课文理解1The passage is mainly about _.Aan introduction of the moonBthe gravity that I felt on my way to the moonCmy visit to
5、 the moonDmy friend Li Yanping，an astronomer2When we were going up,we felt _.Awe were pressed against our seatsBwe were heavier than we were on the earthCas if we were flyingDthe rocket was shaking strongly3When or where did the author feel strongest of the gravity of the earth?AOn the moon.BOn the
6、half way to the moon.CAt the very beginning.DOn their leaving from the moon.4Why was the spaceship not falling back to the earth?ABecause it was too far from the earth to feel its pull.BBecause it was too big.CBecause it was far from the moon.DNot mentioned in the text.5What causes the author to fee
7、l that he becomes weightless on the moon?ASpaceship.BGravity.CHis friend.DGood feelings of the author.答案 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B教材原文A VISIT TO THE MOONLast month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping,an astronomer.We visited the moon in our spaceship!Bef
8、ore we left,Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful.Then we were off.As the rocket rose into the air,we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gr
9、avity.It was so hard that we could not say anything to each other.Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him.“Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth?On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.”I asked.“We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull，
10、”he explained,“so we feel as if there is no gravity at all.When we get closer to the moon,we shall feel its gravity pulling us,but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths.”I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the
11、moon larger.When we got there,I wanted to explore immediately.“Come on，”I said.“If you are right,my weight will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely.I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough.I shall certainly weigh less！”I laughed and
12、 climbed down the steps from the spaceship.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.“Oh dear，”I cried,“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.Leaving
13、 the moons gravity was not as painful as leaving the earths.But returning to the earth was very frightening.We watched,amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came back to land.“That was very exhausting b
14、ut very exciting too，”I said.“Now I know much more about gravity!Do you think we could visit some stars next time？”“Of course，”he smiled,“which star would you like to go to？”译文参照月球之旅我的朋友李彦平是一位天文学家，上个月我有幸得到一个机会同他一起去太空旅行。我们乘宇宙飞船参观了月球！在启程以前，李彦平向我解释说，在我们的航行中会有三次引力的改变，而第一次的改变将是最强的。随后我们就启航了。随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努
15、力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。这种引力太强了，以至于我们彼此间都不能说话了。随后，这个力量慢慢减小，我才能够同他讲话。我问道：“为什么太空船不会向后朝地球的方向落下去呢？在地球上的时候，如果我从树上掉下来，总会朝地上落下去的。”李彦平解释说：“现在我们离地球太远了，感觉不到地球的拉力，所以我们感觉好像没有地球引力了。当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。”我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。我们到达月球时，我就想立即进行探测。“来吧，”我说，“要是你讲得对，我的重量就会
16、比在地球上小，因为月亮比地球小，而我就能更自由地活动了。如果我在月球上待的时间足够长的话，我甚至可能长得更高，我的体重肯定也会变得更轻！”我笑着从飞船的梯级上爬下来。而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。“天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”过了一会儿，我才掌握了走路的诀窍，这才开始感到自如了。摆脱月球引力不像摆脱地球引力那样痛苦。但是返回到地球的经历却是非常吓人的。我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。当我们回到地面时，我们又感到被重重地推倒在座位上。我说道：“真是精疲力竭了，但也很激动人心
17、。关于引力，我现在就懂得更多了。你认为下次我们可以上星球上去参观吗？”“当然可以”，他笑着说，“你想到哪颗星球上去呢？”课堂互动探究 She stormed out of the room and crashed the door shut behind her.她愤怒地冲出房间并随手把门砰地一声关上。A lot of passengers were killed in the train crash.许多旅客在火车碰撞中丧生了。It is announced that Flight MH370 has crashed into the Indian Ocean.据宣布，马航 MH370 航班
18、已在印度洋坠毁。crash into/onto 撞到里/上crash sth.into sth.撞到上a car/train crash 汽车/火车撞车事故a plane crash 飞机失事with a crash 轰隆一声巧学助记He witnessed a serious train crash today.Two trains crashed into each other and let out a loud crash.今天他目睹了一起火车相撞事故。两列火车彼此撞在了一起，发出了很大的爆裂声。即学即用英汉互译一辆货车失控撞上了一辆公共汽车的尾部。_There was a terri
19、ble plane crash,and the plane crashed into the ground._答案 A truck went out of control and crashed into the back of a bus.发生了一起严重飞机坠毁事件，飞机坠落到地面上。The tide is caused by the pull of the moon.潮汐是由月球的引力导致的。The old building is dangerous,so it will have to be pulled down.那座旧楼很危险，所以将不得不被拆掉。After he waited fo
20、r two hours,the train finally pulled in.他等了两个小时，火车终于进站了。pull off 脱(衣、帽等)pull through 康复；完成；使渡过难关pull in (火车)进站；(船)靠岸；驶向路边停靠pull up 停车；停住pull down 拆毁pull out 离开；抽出；拔出形象记忆即学即用单句语法填空Dont worry;hell soon pull _ in the hospital.You had one of your teeth _(pull)out yesterday,didnt you?He waited several mi
21、nutes for a car to pull _ alongside.It is easier to pull _ than to build up.答案 through pulled up downI tried to cheer her up by telling her the good news.我把这个好消息告诉了她，想使她高兴起来。A thousand supporters packed into the stadium to cheer them on.1000 名支持者挤进体育场里为他们加油。She is so cheerful that everyone likes her
22、.她是一个快乐的女孩，每个人都喜欢她。cheer sb.on (赛跑比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的cheering n.欢呼；喝彩adj.令人振奋的；令人高兴的cheers int.(用于祝酒)干杯；再见；谢谢巧学助记The cheering news made the boy cheerful,which made his parents cheer up too.这个令人振奋的消息使得这个小男孩高兴起来，他的父母也感到高兴。即学即用完成句子He took her to the concert to _(使她高兴起来)Cathy di
23、dnt expect any award but was still there to_(加油)her friends.Im thinking of tomorrows test.Im afraid I cant pass this time._(振作起来)！Im sure youll make it.答案 cheer her up cheer on Cheer upNow(that)you want to improve your oral English,you should speak English every day.既然你想提高英语口语，你应该每天说英语。Since the pro
24、fessors lecture is very instructive,why not go and attend it?既然教授的报告很有教育意义，为什么不去听呢？Seeing that you have enough money,you lend me a lot.鉴于你有足够的钱，你多借给我一些。now that 既然，引导原因状语从句，相当于 since；seeing that等，在口语中 that 可以省去。关键点拨 就像 although/though 不能与 but 连用，because不能与 so 连用一样，当 since,now that 引导的从句表示原因时，主句前不能再加
25、 so。即学即用英汉互译既然你长大了，就不应该再依靠你的父母了。_Now that we have accepted the challenge,lets take a chance._单句改错Now that you are ready,so we can go now._答案 Now that you are grown up,you should not rely on your parents.既然我们已接受了挑战，那就来碰碰运气吧。去掉 soAfter a fire broke out in the lab,a lot of equipment was destroyed.实验室发生
26、火灾后，很多设备被毁。Once you join them,you can never break away from them.一旦你入了他们的伙，你就永远不能脱离他们。The elevators in this building are always breaking down.这幢楼里的电梯总出故障。break away from 脱离/挣脱break down 出故障；坏掉；失败；(健康等)垮掉break in 插话；破门而入break into 破门而入break up 打碎；结束关键点拨 break out 和 break down 都没有被动语态，常用主动形式。即学即用介、副词填
27、空When did you break _ with your boyfriend?The young man planned to break away _ the union.My brothers bike broke _ yesterday,so he had to go to school by bus.He broke _ my house and stole my money.单句改错The Second World War was broke out in September,1939._答案 up from down into 去掉 was4watch out(for)密切注
28、视；当心；提防Watch out for traffic when crossing the street.过街时要留意车辆。I advised them to watch out for slick spots on the sidewalk.我叫他们当心人行道上路滑的地方。There must have been an angle watching over me that day.那天一定有个天使在照看着我。watch out(for)look out(for)小心，当心watch over 照看；看守keep a watch on 守望；注视即学即用介、副词填空What problem
29、s should I watch out _ when buying a computer?The mother bird is watching _ her young birds.完成句子I _ while he was out.他外出期间，我照看他的房子。_ if I want to lose weight?我如果想减肥，应该注意些什么呢？答案 for over watched over his houseWhat should I watch out for关键点拨 本句中 as strong a pull as the earths 属于“asadj.a/ann.as.”结构，意为“
30、像一样的”，其中的名词必须是可数名词的单数形式，此结构用于否定句中可用“not so/as.as.”结构。Henry is as good a worker as Peter is.Henry 和 Peter 一样都是好工人。His bedroom is not as/so neat as his elder sisters.他的卧室没有他姐姐的整洁。Youve made as many mistakes as I have.你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。as.as.结构的具体形式有：as形容词/副词原级as.as形容词a/an可数名词单数as.as much不可数名词as.as many可数名词
31、复数as.即学即用完成句子This book is _ that one.这本书和那本书一样有趣。He earns _ John does.他挣的钱和约翰的一样多。She has _ her mother.她的嗓音像她母亲的一样甜美。英译汉It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science._答案 as interesting as as much money as as sweet a voice as 人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。关键点拨 本句中 twice as far
32、 as.属于“倍数as形容词/副词原级as.”结构，是一种倍数的表示方法。This room is four times as big as that one.这间房子比那间房子大三倍。There are five times more books in our library than in yours.我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆里的书多五倍。The room is twice the size of my brothers room.这屋子是我哥哥屋子的两倍大。The price of the house this year is twice what it was last year.
33、今年房价是去年的两倍。即学即用单句语法填空The new stadium being built will be three times _(big)than the present one.This river is almost twice the _(long)of that one.一句多译这条河是那条河的三倍长。The river is _ that one.The river is _ that one.The river is _ that one.答案 bigger length three times as long as;twice longer than;three times the length of请做：随堂巩固验收