1、Section Using language（主语从句）情境创设语法精讲教材链接1.（教材P5） what I say is that my pictures arent hurting anyone, so who cares?2.（教材P5）That my pictures arent hurting anyone is what I say , so who cares?3.（教材P5）It is a well-known fact that the faces some people show to the world might be completely different to
2、their real personalities .4.（教材P5）From this, its impossible to know what their true feelings are .5.（教材P5） How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about, because its not always obvious who is truly happy .6.观察上面句子, 并分别写出画线从句在主句中所作的成分：1. 主语 2. 表语 3. 同位语 4. 宾语 5. 主语; 主语
3、 要点精析在复合句中, 作主语的从句称为主语从句。一、主语从句的引导词及其在句中的功能（一）连接词that和whether1. that引导主语从句, 在从句中不充当任何成分, 仅起连接作用, 但不能省略。2. whether引导主语从句, 在从句中不充当任何成分, 起连接作用, 但有自己的意义, 不可省略。注意：that、whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首, 也可放在句尾（放句尾时前面需用it作形式主语）。例如：1.That she could come to help us made us very happy.2.That the big earthquake had killed
4、 many people frightened people all over the world.3.Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference.4. It is still unknown whether the plan will be carried out. （二）连接代词who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever引导词在主语从句中所作成分例句that不作任何成分, 没有词汇意义That you dont like him i
5、s none of my business. 你不喜欢他不关我的事。It is important that parents create a peaceful environment in the family, which is helpful in shaping the childs character. 父母在家里营造一个和睦的环境很重要, 这有助于塑造孩子的性格。what/whatever主语、宾语、表语、定语What is hard is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad. 一个人难的是一辈子做好事, 不做坏事。
6、Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others. 无论你在自己的业余时间做什么, 都不应该伤害别人。whether不作任何成分, 意为“是否”Whether we can have clean drinking water depends on what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution. 我们能否有干净的饮用水, 取决于关于水污染政府采取什么有效措施。when时间状语When the meeting wi
7、ll be held has not been decided yet. 什么时候开会还没有决定。where地点状语Where we will go for the holiday is being discussed at the class meeting. 我们去哪里度假正在班会上讨论。how方式状语How we will build a harmonious class is an issue to be solved. 如何创建和谐班级是一个有待解决的问题。why原因状语Why he was absent from school is still a mystery. 他为什么没有上
8、学仍是个谜。who/whoever主语Whoever is in a hurry shows that the thing he is about is too big for him. 不管是谁, 匆匆忙忙只能说明他不能从事他所从事的工作。which定语Which group did the best job will be decided after the match. 哪一个小组做得最好, 比赛后才能决定。whose定语Whose speech is popular depends on the reaction from the audience. 谁的演讲受欢迎取决于听众的反应。二
9、、主语从句与形式主语it英语中, 常常可以用it作形式主语, 而把主语从句放在后面。常见的用it作形式主语的主语从句结构：结构常用搭配结构例句It is+名词+that从句It is a fact (a pity, a shame, no wonder, good news.) that.It is no wonder that he won first place in the English speech contest. 难怪他在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。It is+形容词+that从句It is necessary (proper, important, essential, vita
10、l.) that. 注意：这类从句中谓语动词多为“(should+) 动词原形”。It is necessary that we should take measures to protect the environment. 我们采取措施保护环境是必要的。It is+过去分词+that/whether 从句It is said(reported, decided, believed.) that.It is unknown whether.It is believed that hard work will pay off. 人们相信, 付出总有回报。It is unknown whethe
11、r the medicine works. 这药是否有效还是未知的。It+不及物动词+that 从句It seems (happened, doesnt matter.) that.It happened that I went to visit my first teacher that day. 碰巧那天我去拜访我的启蒙老师。It+及物动词+宾语+that从句It surprised (worried, disappointed.) sb. that.It surprised him that they came to visit him suddenly. 让他吃惊的是, 他们突然来看他
12、。It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的头发在变白, 这让她有点担心。三、主语从句的注意事项（一）从句的语序在任何情况下, 主语从句都用陈述句语序。1.Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.2.How he succeeded is still a puzzle.（二）主谓一致1. 从句作主语时, 后面的谓语动词一般用单数形式; 但what引导的主语从句, 后面的谓语动词应与作表语的名词在数上保持一致。2. 如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,
13、 谓语动词用复数形式; 由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时, 谓语动词用单数形式。例如：1. What they need are books.2. What they need is love.3. When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.4. When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided.实战演练. 单句语法填空1. Whether he can do it is a problem.2.It makes no d
14、ifference to me whether you like it or not.3. Whoever does wrong to his country or to the people deserves punishment.4. Which charity they will go to has not been decided.5. Why he turned down the invitation was not clear.6. That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.7. What side effect t
15、his medicine has is not known to the patient.8.It is still unknown whether the medicine will be effective.9.It is not clear how he got here without any money.10. What she couldnt understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in science. 完成句子1.有人建议我们应该给员工提供学习最新技术的机会。It is suggested tha
16、t we (should) provide opportunities for employees to learn the latest technology.2.很可惜, 我们不能解决这个问题。 It is a pity that we cannot solve the problem.3.我们需要做的是想出新办法来改善现状。 What we need to do is think of new ways to improve the current situation.4.我们要去哪儿度假还没有决定。 Where we will spend our holiday has not bee
17、n decided.5.他为什么没有通过生物考试还不清楚。 Why he failed the biology exam isnt clear.6.谁打的长途电话并不重要。 Who made the long distance call is not important.7.我们吃早餐是有必要的。It is necessary that we (should) have breakfast .8.它是否对我们有害并不重要。 Whether it will do harm to us doesnt matter.9.我们要邀请多少人还是一个问题。 How many people we are t
18、o invite is still a question.10.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 It remains a problem whether they will support us. 语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。As teenagers, we do have some troubles when growing up, but we can get rid of them correctly and 1. (wise). First, some teenagers are upset 2. their images and look
19、s. They are unnecessary and not important at all. We neednt care about them. It is ones inner beauty 3. matters. Second, we sometimes seem to be 4. (understand) by our teachers, parents and classmates. 5. (face) with this, we can find 6. proper time to have a heart-to-heart talk with them, 7. (try)
20、to remove the misunderstanding. Some of us have fewer friends. I think being open-minded and friendly will do you good. Third, we may fall behind others, 8. makes us feel stressed. Actually we can encourage ourselves to work efficiently, full of 9. (determine). At last, some of us dont have much poc
21、ket money, so they feel unhappy. Isnt it strange? 10. long as we have some, thats enough. And we can learn how to manage money.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案：1.wisely解析：1.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。年轻人在成长的过程中, 经常会遇见麻烦。作者在文章中提出了四条帮助年轻人处理生活中麻烦事的建议。考查副词。根据and前面的correctly可知, 此处是副词作状语, 修饰get rid of。答案：2.about解析：2.
22、考查固定搭配。be upset about意为“对感到心烦”。答案：3.that解析：3.考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”, 本句强调ones inner beauty, 所以要填that。答案：4.misunderstood解析：4.考查被动语态。分析语境可知, 设空处表示“误解”, 应用misunderstand。本句主语we与动词misunderstand构成被动关系, 要用过去分词与前面的be构成被动语态。所以要填misunderstood。答案：5.Faced解析：5.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 此处用非谓语动词
23、作状语。be faced with表示“面对”。所以要填Faced。答案：6.a解析：6.考查冠词。a proper time意为“一个合适的时间”。所以要填a。答案：7.trying解析：7.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 此处用非谓语动词作状语。本句主语we与动词try构成主动关系, 现在分词在句中作状语。所以要填trying。答案：8.which解析：8.考查定语从句。关系代词which指代前面的主句, 引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语。答案：9.determination解析：9.考查名词。介词of后面通常接名词或代词作宾语, 句中要用determine的名词形式作宾语, 所以
24、要填determination。答案：10.As/So解析：10.考查固定搭配。so/as long as意为“只要”, 引导条件状语从句。所以要填As/So。新知清障素养构建核心词汇1. assumption n. 假定, 假设How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about, because its not always obvious who is truly happy. （教材P5）我们不应该假设别人的感受, 因为谁是真正快乐的并不总是显而易见的。典例翻译We make the
25、assumption that everyone invited will turn up at the wedding. 我们假定每一个受到邀请的人都会出席此次婚礼。 It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 普遍认为, 压力是工作过重导致。 I have assumed him to be an American. 我本以为他是美国人。 We are working on the assumption that everyone will turn up. 我们正在依据每个人都会出现这样一个假设作出安排。
26、 归纳拓展（1）assumption n. 假定, 假设认为, 假定 make an assumption 假定 on the assumption that. （2）assume vt. 假定; 认为认为某人是 assume sb. to be. 人们认为 It is assumed that. 假设 assuming that. 学以致用（1）单句填空A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption (assume)that they might make
27、 a nice blow-up for one of the visitors centres.Let us assume it to be (be) true.（2）句式升级If there isnt the hard work of the dustman, what can you imagine our environment will be like? （用assuming that改写） Assuming that there isnt the hard work of the dustman , what can you imagine our environment will
28、be like?People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment. （用it作形式主语改写） It is assumed that what people do has little effect on the environment. 2. sensitive adj. 敏感的He has the outward appearance of the King of the Beasts, but he has a timid and sensitive character, which causes hi
29、m to believe he is a coward. （教材P7）它有着兽中之王的外表, 但是它有一个胆怯而敏感的性格, 这使它相信自己是一个懦夫。典例翻译As is often the case in nature, some plants are so sensitive to temperature that they can only survive in cool places. 有些植物对温度非常敏感, 以至于它们只能在凉爽的地方生存, 这在自然界是经常的情况。 There were families there that I might or might not know,
30、but I sensed that I should know them. 那里有些家庭我可能认识, 也可能不认识, 但我觉得我应该认识他们。 The speaker had a strong accent, so Tom couldnt make sense of what he had said. 因为演讲者有浓重的口音, 所以汤姆听不懂他所说的话。 I appreciate the sense of urgency because I feel it myself. 我领会这种紧迫的感觉, 因为我自己就能体会到。 归纳拓展（1）sensitive adj.敏感的; 艺术感觉好的对某事敏感
31、/某人体谅 be sensitive to sth./sb. 栩栩如生的画像 a sensitive portrait （2）sense n. 感觉官能; 理解力; 意义; 理智 vt. 感觉到; 检测出有道理, 合乎情理, 明智 make sense 做某事没有意义/没有多大意义 there is no/little sense/point (in) doing sth. 醒过来; 恢复理智 come to ones senses 失去理智; 糊涂了; 发疯 lose ones senses 在某种意义上 in a sense 在各种意义上 in every sense 决不 in no s
32、ense 方向感/幽默感/职责感/责任感 a sense of direction/humor/duty/responsibility 广义上/狭义上 in a broad/narrow sense 学以致用（1）单句填空What she says is true in a sense.Here was no sense in making (make) a child suffer like that.We hope shell come to her senses and correct her mistakes.（2）单句写作研究表明, 良好的幽默感甚至会让你看起来更聪明。(2020江苏
33、卷, 任务型阅读) Studies show that a good sense of humor even makes you seem smarter. 3. loyal adj. 忠贞的, 忠实的, 忠诚的In reality, he is brave and loyal, and always ready for a dangerous challenge when it is necessary to do the right thing. （教材P7）在现实中, 有必要做正确的事情的时候他是勇敢和忠诚的, 并且时刻准备迎接危险的挑战。典例翻译A loyal man stands b
34、y his friends in weal and woe. 一个忠诚的人无论祸福都会支持他的朋友。 We are loyal to our motherland. 我们忠于祖国。 My judgement was frequently faulty, but my loyalty to the nation could not be questioned. 我的判断经常出错, 但是我对祖国的忠诚是毋庸置疑的。 归纳拓展（1）loyal adj. 忠贞的, 忠实的, 忠诚的忠于 be loyal to 忠于爱情 loyal in ones love （2）loyalty n. 忠诚; 忠心;
35、忠贞对的忠诚 loyalty to 出于对的忠诚 out of loyalty to 学以致用（1）单句填空We were given a royal welcome. I consider myself to be loyal to the brand.The couple were loyal in their love though they were living a tough life.（2）完成句子她总是信守自己的政治原则。She has always remained loyal to her political principles.他一直是我们大家忠实的朋友。Hed alw
36、ays been such a loyal friend to us all .他的赤诚忠心使他看不清真相。 His sense of loyalty blinded him to the truth.重点句型现在分词短语作状语However, he performs brave actions even when he feels afraid, proving that he is in fact a courageous individual. （教材P7）然而, 即使在他感到害怕的时候, 他也会做出勇敢的举动, 这证明了他实际上是一个勇敢的人。典例翻译Having answered t
37、he letter, she went on to listen to the radio. 回信后, 她接着听收音机。 Having been told to stay in Beijing, the boy decided not to return to his village. 被告知留在北京后, 男孩决定不回他的村庄了。 While crossing the street, you should look around. 过马路时, 你应该看看周围。 The meeting being over, we all left the hall. 会议结束后, 我们都离开了大厅。 归纳拓展
38、（1）现在分词的完成被动式与过去分词都表示“完成”“被动”, 但前者更加强调分词动作先于谓语动作, 而后者的时间性不强。（2）分词作状语时, 其逻辑主语是句子的主语。（3）当分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时, 分词需要带自己的主语, 从而构成独立主格结构。学以致用（1）单句填空 Working (work) hard, you will succeed.Whether permitting (permit), we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.But once having met (meet) and liked them, we think how
39、terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance.（2020天津卷, 阅读理解）（2）句式升级Because she buried herself in the film, she didnt know it was snowing outside. Burying herself in the film , she didnt know it was snowing outside. （用现在分词短语作状语改写） Buried in the film , she didnt know it was snowing outside. （用过去分词短语作状语改写）9
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