1、.阅读理解Living in the wild can be hard.Finding food and staying safe arent easy.Each day，animals struggle to survive in their habitats. Not all animals get by on their own.Some animals form a close partnership with other kinds of animals.These pairings are called symbiotic (共生的) relationships.In a symb
2、iotic relationship，the animals depend on each other.One animal helps the other meet its needs.Sounds good，right？Not always.Some animals are not very kind to their partners. In some cases，one animal meets its needs but hurts its partner.Take ticks (壁虱)，for example. These insects suck blood to live. T
3、o get blood，they attach themselves to other kinds of animals.Ticks can pass germs that cause disease instead of helping their hosts.In other relationships，animals dont treat their partners so poorly.Both animals benefit，or get help，from living with the other animal.Small animals called cleaner shrim
4、ps have found a way of helping fish at coral reefs. As their name suggests，the shrimps clean the fish.They hang out at what scientists call a cleaning station.A fish stops by.Then a shrimp climbs onto the fish and even steps into the fishs mouth.The shrimp uses its tiny claws to pick stuff off the f
5、ishs body. That can include dead skin，tiny pieces of food，and wee creatures that can hurt the fish. The fish gets a nice cleaning. The shrimp enjoys a tasty meal of fish trash.Small birds called plovers are also in the cleaning business. They have big customers，crocodiles. Crocodiles have long snout
6、s (口鼻部) filled with sharp teeth.Cleaning them is tricky. When a crocodile opens its mouth，the plover hops right in.The crocodile does not snap its snout shut.Instead，it lets the plover eat small, harmful animals attached to its teeth.The plover gets an easy meal while the crocodile gets clean teeth.
7、本文介绍了共生关系中动物的生活习性。1The text is mainly about _.Athe hard life in the wild Bsome dangerous animalsCanimals living together Danimals in a symbiotic relationship答案：D解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了生物界的一种共生现象，也就是说生物之间相互依存、相互帮助。故答案选D项。选项C表达语意不准确，表达范围太广。2According to the text，in a symbiotic relationship，_.Aanimals depend
8、on each otherBbirds depend on animals for foodCboth sides can get helpDnot all animals treat their partners well答案：D解析：推理判断题。由文章第二、三、四段可知，在有共生现象的动物中，有的是相互得到帮助，而有的是单方面的。故答案为D项。3When plovers hop into crocodiles mouths，they _.Aare really to clean crocodiles teethBare to make crocodiles happyCarent afra
9、id of being eatenDarent happy to clean the crocodiles teeth答案：C解析：细节理解题。由文章最后一段可知，plovers是不担心被鳄鱼咬伤的，因为鳄鱼是希望plovers这样做的，而对于plovers而言，其真正的目的是为了得到自己的食物。故答案为C项。4According to the text，it can be inferred that _.Aliving in the wild can be hardBdifferent animals have different living waysCcrocodiles mainly
10、live on ploversDticks are useful to some animals答案：B解析：推理判断题。文章第一段就提到有些动物是靠自己去捕捉食物，而文章又举例讲了一些动物是靠共生来获取食物的，也就是说不同的动物有不同的方式来生存，所以答案为B项。选项A是文章直接叙述的；选项C表达与原文不一致；选项D是无法推断出的。.语法填空On Monday，the US Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS) asked for African lions 1._ (list) as“threatened”under the Endangered Species
11、 Act.This move would help protect them from 2._ (extinct)The population of African lions 3._ (predict) to be 75,800 in 1980，according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). That number has dropped 4._30%.About 70% of lions inhabit just 10 areas in eastern and southern Africa.A
12、 statement from the US listed many main 5._ (threat) to the big cats such as loss of habitat，lack of food，and more conflicts with humans. So far more humans 6._ (move) into areas inhabited by lions.Experts believe human population in SubSaharan Africa will double by 2050，7._ (make ) the problem wors
13、e.Lions，8._ once lived in most parts of Africa，are now found only in the south of the Sahara and parts of eastern and southern Africa.9_ act could make some activities illegal，including the buying and selling of hunted lions as trophies.This would ensure “that people in the United States do not cont
14、ribute to the 10._ (far) decline of listed species”本文讲述了非洲狮数量减少的原因、它们的生存现状及为保护它们而采取的措施。1to_be_listed解析：考查非谓语动词。list与lions之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示当时还未发生的动作，所以填to be listed。2extinction解析：考查词形转换。空前为介词，故用名词形式。3was_predicted解析：考查动词的时态和语态。predict与The population of African lions之间是被动关系，所以谓语动词用被动语态；由时间状语in 1980可知，要用
15、一般过去时。4by解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示非洲狮的数量已经减少了30%。drop by“下降了，减少了”。5threats解析：考查名词复数。根据空前的many和语境可知，非洲狮面临多种威胁，所以用名词复数。6have_moved解析：考查动词的时态。由时间状语So far可知，此处用现在完成时。7making解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处用现在分词作结果状语。8which解析：考查定语从句。此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Lions。9The解析：考查冠词。此处特指第一段中的“Endangered Species Act”，故填The。10fur
16、ther解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示进一步减少，故用比较级。.概要写作We all laugh at least a couple of times every day, for different reasons. Have you ever noticed how relaxed you feel after laughing? There are a number of health benefits of laughing and thats why laughter is often considered as the best medicine.Life has
17、 always had much stress, no matter which century one was born in. All the prior generations were under no less stress and mental strain than we are today, for different reasons. This observation is supported by the fact that humor and laughter are as effective today as in the old days, in distractin
18、g humanity from its troubles and misfortunes.While there is absolutely no doubt about the fact that laughter makes it easier for us to cope with different challenges in life, it has also been established that it boosts our health by improving blood circulation and strengthening the immune system. Th
19、is, in turn, helps prevent a number of diseases and provide relief from physical as well as emotional suffering. Laughter therapy can be used to lower the risk of several diseases such as hypertension (高血压), ulcers (溃疡), arthritis (关节炎), stroke, diabetes, and even heart diseases. It offers good rela
20、xation and helps you relieve stress and depression.Laughing is not just related to facial expressions, but it causes a number of chemical changes within the body. Good hearty laughter helps release hormones that are helpful for normal functioning of various organs. This is due to a connection betwee
21、n laughing and stimulation of the brain and different glands (腺)Laughter stimulates the body to release natural antihistamines (抗组胺药). It also activates Tcells, a natural antibiotic (抗生素) produced in the body. It helps boost the immune system and fight infections. It prevents numerous diseases by st
22、rengthening the immune system. Also, since laughter improves circulation and increases the level of oxygen in blood, the lymphatic system (淋巴系统) gets a good amount of oxygenated blood when you laugh. This further strengthens your bodys immunity against pathogens (病原体)Laughing_does_great_good_to_a_pe
23、rsons_health,_so_it_is_considered_as_the_best_medicine.(要点1)_Everyone_has_pressure,_but_laughing_lets_them_escape_from_the_suffering_of_pressure.(要点2)_If_a_person_laughs_often_he_or_she_can_deal_with_many_difficulties_and_keep_away_from_many_diseases.(要点3)_Besides,_laughing_can_help_increase_the_level_of_oxygen_in_blood_and_release_something_that_improves_a_persons_immune_system.(要点4)