1、Section Grammar&Writing语法 专项突破写作 能力提升阶段达标检测同位语从句观察并研究下列句子，写出引导词引导何种从句。1The thought that they could cross the whole continent wasexciting.(同位语从句)2Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in lessthan five days,but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500kilometres from coast to coast.(同位语从
2、句)3The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail upthe Great Lakes.(同位语从句)一、基础点拨(一)定义在复合句中，跟在一个名词后对其做进一步解释说明的从句叫作同位语从句。(二)可接同位语从句的名词同位语从句说明的名词大多是抽象名词，同位语从句的作用便是对这种包含抽象意义的名词进行解释说明。常见的可接同位语从句的名词有：news，fact，idea，hope，thought，order，belief，doubt，message，promise，question，reply，suggestion，
3、advice等。(三)同位语从句的引导词及其功能引导词功 能连接词that/whether引导从句，但在从句中不作成分，不能省略。that无意义；whether有“是否”之意连接代词what，which，who，whom，whose引导从句，在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语和表语连接副词when，where，how，why引导从句，在从句中充当状语The vain man always has the idea that he should controleverything.(that引导同位语从句，从句意义完整)这个自负的人总是认为他应该控制一切。I still have no idea wh
4、y they left the party without a word lastnight.我仍然不知道昨晚他们为什么没说一句话就离开了宴会。点津 同位语从句的位置：同位语从句一般跟在所说明或解释的名词后面。但有时也可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。The news came finally that the national team had won the game.(that引导同位语从句，修饰the news，被谓语动词came隔开)国家队赢得比赛的消息终于传来了。Theres a feeling in me that well never know what a U
5、FOis.(that引导同位语从句，修饰a feeling，被in me隔开)我有一种感觉，我们永远都无法知道UFO是什么。二、难点突破(一)学习同位语从句应注意的问题1表达“是否”的概念时，一般用whether不用if引导同位语从句。She was in doubt whether she was right.她对她是否正确拿不准。2当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置，构成分隔式同位语从句。Word came that the novel hit the whole country instantly.消息传来，这本小说瞬间轰动全国。3在某些名词后的同位语从句中，其谓语动
6、词应用虚拟语气形式，即(should)动词原形。常见的这类名词有insistence(坚持)，order(命令)，demand(要求)，advice(建议)，proposal(建议)，request(请求)。She made a request that we should help her.她恳求我们帮她的忙。(二)定语从句与同位语从句的区别1定语从句中的that和同位语从句中的that的区别：定语从句中的that关系代词，三大作用：连接主句与从句指代先行词在从句中作成分(主语、宾语或表语)同位语从句中的that连接词，不作成分，无意义，只起连接作用They heard the news o
7、n the radio yesterday that a typhoon wascoming.(that引导的是同位语从句，that在从句中不作成分，无意义，只起连接作用)昨天他们从收音机里听到台风要来的消息。She bought the book that she had been dreaming of.(that引导的是定语从句，that连接主从句；指代先行词the book；在从句中作宾语)她把她一直梦想的那本书买回来了。2定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是对先行词进行修饰或限定，不可去掉先行词；而同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行进一步解释说明，去掉先行词句子仍然正确。The in
8、formation that they got yesterday has no use.(黑体部分为定语从句，去掉先行词the information后剩下的句子不正确)他们昨天得到的信息没什么用处。We have received the information that they may have left thecountry.(黑体部分为同位语从句，如果去掉the information，剩下的仍然是个正确的句子。)我们已经得到消息，他们可能已经离开了这个国家。3同位语从句对应的名词一般为抽象名词；而定语从句的先行词没有这方面的限制。The decision when they wi
9、ll leave for Beijing hasnt been made.(when引导同位语从句，decision是抽象名词)他们还没有决定将何时动身去北京。They will always remember the days when they lived in thatmountain village.(when引导定语从句，the days是具体名词)他们会永远记住他们生活在那个山村的日子。.完成句子1.People have the belief _(我们能够除去这种致命的疾病)2.We got the news that _(无论谁有音乐才能都将上这节课)that we can m
10、anage to get rid of thedeadly diseasewhoever has a gift for music will attendthe class3They have some doubt _(我们能否爬上这座高山)4.The fact that a new kind of virus threatens peoples life_(使人们很担心)5.They expressed their wish _(他们能够买一座大房子并定居下来)whether we can climb the high mountain worries people much that th
11、ey could buy a big house andsettle down.单句语法填空1The fact has worried many scientists _the earth isbecoming warmer and warmer these years.2News came from the school office _Wang Lin had beenadmitted to Peking University.3Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at theairport?No problem.that tha
12、t that 4The general gave the order _the soldiers should cross theriver at once.5Well discuss the problem _the sports meeting willbe held on time.6I have no impression _he went home,perhaps by bike.7Information has been put forward _more middle schoolgraduates will be admitted into universities.that
13、whetherhow that8His suggestion _the meeting be delayed was turned down.9The possibility _the majority of the labour force will workat home is often discussed.10The question _should do the work requires consideration.thatthatwho.单句改错1Our team has won the game,that made us very happy._2Ive come with a
14、 message from Mr.Wang how he wont be ableto see you this afternoon._thatwhich howthat 3He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not._4Ive read the book where you gave me the day before yesterday._5One of the men held the opinion when what the book said wasright._ifwhether where
15、that/which或去掉 wherewhenthat 6The news what you told us is really encouraging._7Dad made a promise which he would buy his children gifts._8It is a question what he did it._whatthat whichthat whathow调查报告1确定体裁：调查报告属于应用文。2确定主体时态：写调查报告时通常使用一般过去时或一般现在时。注意在同一篇文章中主体时态要一致。3确定中心人称：调查报告主要介绍调查对象的相关情况，因此中心人称通常是第
16、三人称。有时也可使用第一人称。4确定结构：调查报告的写作通常分三部分。开头先引出话题，总领全文；报告的主体部分用来介绍调查结果；结尾可进行总结或者发表个人的看法。常用句式1调查报告常用开头语：Recently I did a survey on.A survey was carried out last week on.Recently,people are having a heated discussion on.2介绍调查结果：.have different views on.Some of them hold the view that.Some people think it nec
17、essary/important to.However,the rest.have different views.3进行总结或发表个人看法：In my opinion.From my point of view.Weighing up the pros and cons,I support the idea that.假定你是某校的一名高一学生，最近看到周围很多女同学都在减肥。你专门对此进行了一次调查，结果如下：观点原因55%的同学认为应该减肥1.更漂亮、更迷人2.更自信45%的同学认为不应该减肥1.浪费时间和金钱2.可能会有害身心健康请根据以上调查结果用英语写一篇报告，并简要谈谈你的看法。
18、注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。审题谋篇词句推敲1词汇(1)持观点 _(2)迷人的 _(3)对感到自信 _(4)对有害 _(5)毕竟；终究 _hold the view that.attractive be confident about.be harmful to.after all2句式(1)55%的学生持有的观点是：女孩们应该减肥。_Fiftyfive percent of the students hold the view that girls shouldlose weight.(2)在他们看来，苗条的女孩更漂亮、更迷人，而且她们比那些不苗条的女孩对自己
19、的学习和工作更自信。_In their opinion，girls who are slim are more beautiful and attractive，and they are more confident about their study and work than those who are not.(3)他们认为减肥是一种对时间和金钱的浪费。_(4)毕竟，没有什么东西比健康更重要。_They think it is a waste of time and money to lose weight.After all，nothing is more important than
20、 health.妙笔成篇_参考范文Recently I did a survey on whether girls should lose weightamong my classmates.Fiftyfive percent of the students hold the view that girlsshould lose weight.In their opinion,girls who are slim are morebeautiful and attractive,and they are more confident about theirstudy and work than
21、 those who are not.However,45 percent of the students have different views.Theythink it is a waste of time and money to lose weight.Whats more,losing weight can be harmful to their health.After all,nothing ismore important than health.If girls keep taking diet pills which areharmful to their health but stop doing it one day,they will becomefatter.In my opinion,there is no need for young girls to lose weightas long as they are healthy.阶段达标检测