1、现在完成时语法精讲1.现在完成时的构成【语境领悟】*I have been to Beijing three times so far.到目前为止我已经去过北京三次了。*He has not had anything since then.从那以后他什么也没吃。*Well go to the cinema if the rain has stopped this afternoon.若是下午雨停了,我们就去看电影。*Great progress has been made in technology in China.中国已经在科技方面取得了很大进步。【知识归纳】现在完成时的构成:基本形式:h
2、ave/has动词的过去分词否定形式:have/hasnot动词的过去分词被动形式:have/hasbeen动词的过去分词2现在完成时的用法【语境领悟】*My hometown has changed a lot over the years.近几年我的家乡变化很大。(现在的家乡与过去不一样了)*Mr Zhang has taught here for 8 years by now.至今为止张老师已在这里教了八年书。(taught 的动作从过去某时间开始一直持续到现在)*Jack has been a soldier for some time.杰克当兵有段时间了。(状态“成为一名士兵”始于过
3、去某个时间,一直持续到现在,可能还要继续下去)*The dinner party will begin after all the guests have arrived.所有的客人到了以后,聚餐就开始了。(“到达”这个动作发生在将来,在 after 后面的时间状语从句中用 have arrived 形式表示“到达”这一动作要早于聚餐开始完成)【知识归纳】(1)“完成用法”:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与 recently,before,so far,up to now,till now,in the past/last years,these days 等时间状语连用。(2)
4、“未完成用法”:表示动作或状态过去已经开始,持续到现在(可能还会继续进行下去)。常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,如 for一段时间,since过去时间点,since then,ever since 等,或与和现在时刻相连的时间状语连用,如 up to now,so far 等。(3)在时间状语从句中,谓语动词可以用现在完成时代替将来完成时。【深化点拨】终止性动词不能延续,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,需要时要用相应的表示状态的动词替换。此外,终止性动词的否定形式表示状态,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。*I have kept/had the new car for a month.我买这辆新车
5、已经一个月了。(buy 为终止性动词,不能和表示一段时间的状语 for a month 连用)上面的句子可以改写为:I bought the new car a month ago.(a month ago 是表示过去时间的状语,可以和非延续性动词 bought 连用)3几种常用句型(1)It is/has been一段时间since.(2)This/It is the first/second.time(that).这是某人第一/二次做某事。(3)在“This is the形容词最高级名词that 从句”结构中,that 从句要用现在完成时态。*It is the first time th
6、at President Xi Jinping has visited Holland.这是习近平主席第一次访问荷兰。*It is/has been three years since he smoked.他戒烟已有 3 年了。【名师点津】(1)在此句型中 since 引导时间状语从句,从句常使用一般过去时。(2)当 since 从句中的动词为终止性动词时,译为“自从做某事以来有一段时间了”。(3)当 since 从句中的动词为延续性动词时,译为“自从不做某事以来有一段时间了”。4现在完成时和一般过去时的区别(1)现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,强调此动作对现在造成的影响或结果,说明的是现在的情
7、况,不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。(2)一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态,是对过去情况的客观陈述,与现在没有任何关系,一般和表示过去的时间状语连用。*He has shot many wild animals.他射死了许多野兽。(表示现在这些野兽已经被他射死了)*He shot many wild animals last weekend.上个周末他射死了许多野兽。(表示射死野兽这个动作发生在上个周末,与现在无关)新思维随堂自测.用所给词的适当形式填空1I _(put)the watch on the table,but I cant find it now.2My father
8、_(leave)for London on business already,so you cant see him now.3The old woman doesnt want to move because she _(live)in the cottage for 30 years.4I _(be)to the USA twice so far.5Mr Li is not at home.He _(go)to Shanghai.have put has left has livedhave been has gone6This is the first time that she _(v
9、isit)the Great Wall.7He _(not borrow)the book since then.8He _(join)the army two years ago.In other words,he _(be)a soldier for two years.9He told me his name but I _(forget)it.10You shouldnt get off the bus until it _(stop)has visitedhasnt borrowedjoinedhas beenhave forgottenhas stopped.完成句子1Ann is
10、 in hospital.Oh,really?I _(我还不知道呢).I will go and visit her.2My parents _(已答应来)to see me before I leave for Africa.3I was out of town at the time,so I dont know exactly _(它是怎样发生的)4You speak very good French!Thanks.I _(已 学 法 语)in Sichuan University for four years.didnt knowhave promised to comehow it happenedhave studied French