1、解密02名词和主谓一致序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1. 真题对点析1. 对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】名词和主谓一致是历年高考的重要考点，常常出现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型中。语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中在给出词根进行此类转化，根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词，名词的复数形式，所有格形式的变化。主谓一致一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。高考关于主谓一致的考查主要集中在一下三个方面：语法一致意义一致就近原则对名词部分主要考查：名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配名词
2、的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）名词的所有格抽象名词的具体化名词和冠词的搭配【备考建议】1. 整体把握，注意语境从近年高考试题看，高考语法填空对名词的考查离不开具体的语境，在语境中考查名词的相关知识。做题时，既要全面、整体地看题干，还要注意分析句子成分，并根据提示词来确定名词的相关考点。通常，涉及名词考点的试题包括：（1）根据语境判断名词的单复数；（2）提示词是形容词、动词等此类，根据句子成分和词缀知识加上相应的后缀变成名词；（3）名词的固定搭配；（4）名词的所有格及名词的其他相关知识2. 确定考点，注意搭配语法填空对名词的考查涉及名词各方面的知识，解题时要注意首先根据提示信息确定考点，试题是
3、考查名词的词类转换，还是考查复数名词、名词的所有格，还是考查主谓一致、名词的固定搭配等，确定了考点之后，再结合其他相关知识来做出正确解答。3. 多记单词，积累词缀高考对名词的考查注重基础，我们在平时的复习中要打好基础，掌握足够的考纲词汇，并熟知其常见搭配和用法，并注意熟练掌握常用的名词词缀知识。4. 巧用就近原则当主语是由or, nor, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also连接的并列成分时以及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则。Part 2对点解密【考点精准说】1-名词的数1可数名词的数（不规则变化） （1）单、复数同形。如：mea
4、ns, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, sheep。（2） 合成名词的复数。如：boyfriendboyfriends, go-betweengo-betweens(中间人), grown-upgrown-ups, passer-bypassers-by, looker-onlookers-on, woman doctorwomen doctors。（3）只有复数形式的名词。此类名词往往以复数形式出现，表示“衣服”、“工具”等的总称，不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能加不定冠词a/an，但可以用a pair of/two pairs of, many
5、等修饰。如：clothes, tights, jeans, pajamas, pants, shorts, socks, stockings, trousers, glasses, chopsticks, compasses, pincers, scissors, scales等；另外一类总是以复数形式出现，但不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能用a/an，a pair of等修饰，只能用many, a great many, a lot of等修饰。如：belongings, congratulations, contents, earnings, fireworks, goods, leaving
6、s, pains, spirits, savings, stairs, surroundings, wages, arms等。（4）集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people, cattle, police；有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery；有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看作整体，复数看作集体的各个成员。如：The crew is large.船员人数很多(指整体)。The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。2.不可数名词的数（1）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象
7、名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：a surprise一件令人惊讶的事；a success一个(件)成功的人(事)；an honour一个(件)引起尊敬的人(事)；a failure一个(件)失败的人(事)；an experience一次经历；a pleasure一件乐事抽象名词与a(n)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.；Would you like to have
8、 a walk (swim，bath，talk) with me?；It is a waste of time reading such a novel.；She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.（2）有些物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类时，可以用作可数名词。如：a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡；a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料；a few grey hairs几根白发；a glass一只玻璃杯。【真题对点析】11.（2018新课标卷I语法填空）Two of the
9、authors of the review also made a study published in 2014_66（that which）_showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _67_(cause).【答案】causes 【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。2.（2018全国新课标卷I短文改错）Last win
10、ter when I went here（改为there） again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.【答案】chicken改为chickens【解析】考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of可知，其后用名词复数形式。3. （2018全国新课标卷短文改错）After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.【答案】sort改为sorts【解析】sort在此意为“种类”，是可数名
11、词，和all搭配时用复数形式。故将sort改为sorts.4.（2018浙江卷）Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese _56_(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.【答案】dishes 【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。5.（2017全国新课标卷I语法填空）This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） as a method o
12、f fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.【答案】effects 【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“side effect”(副作用)有很多，故填effects。【对点模拟练】11. Youradviseisoflittle_.itdoesnthelpto
13、improveourEnglish. A. useful B. uselessnessC. importance D. helpless【答案】C【解析】 此题考查的是“be of +(形容词)抽象名词”的用法。useful 和helpless为形容词，故排除A和D, 根据后半句知“建议不能帮助我们提高英语成绩”，前半句也应该表示否定意义， little 本来就表否定意义，而uselessness又是否定意义，故排除B.2. She has gained many unforgettable _ about animals when _ in the forest doing research
14、.A. experiences; stayedB. experiences; stayingC. experience; stayedD. experience; staying【答案】B【解析】根据句意可知，experience在这里表示经历，因此为可数名词，所以排除C项和D项。When引导的从句其实是when she is staying in the forest doing research.当主句主语和从句主语一致，并且从句中有系动词时，可以把从句中的主语连同系动词一起省略，故用staying。所以B项正确。句意：当停留在森林里做研究时，她已经获得了许多关于动物的难忘的经历。3. S
15、he has gained many unforgettable _ about animals when _ in the forest doing research. A. experiences; stayedB. experiences; staying C. experience; stayedD. experience; staying【答案】B【解析】句意：当她停留在森林里做研究时，她已经获得了许多关于动物的难忘的经历。根据句意可知，experience在这里表示经历，因此为可数名词，所以排除C项和D项。When引导的从句其实是when she is staying in the
16、 forest doing research.当主句主语和从句主语一致，并且从句中有系动词时，可以把从句中的主语连同系动词一起省略，故用staying。所以B项正确。4. He found a lot of were . A. passers-by; grown-upsB. passer-bys; growns-up C. passer-bys; grown-upsD. passers-by; growns-up【答案】A【解析】考查名词复数。句意：他发现很多过路人是成年人。passer-by“过路人”的复数是passers-by；grown-up“成年人”的复数是grown-ups。故选A。
17、【考点精准说】2-名词所有格（1）-s所有格the boys mother；the childrens toys；the teachers books；Lucy and Lily s bedroom（共用的）；Lucys and Lilys bedrooms(各自的)（2）“of名词”所有格the roof of the house；the cover of the book；the name of the girl；a picture of my father（3）双重所有格a friend of my brothers (one of my brothers friends)；a pict
18、ure of my fathers(one of my fathers pictures)（4）-s所有格的特殊表示形式有：用于表示人的名词或表集体、机构的名词后，如：Toms home，the doctors，the companys new factory等。用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：todays newspaper，five minutes walk(drive)，five pounds weight，ten dollars worth of coffee。用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后，如：the worlds population，Chinas indus
19、try，New Yorks parks。（5）所有格的句法功能表所有关系： Jacks brother表主谓关系： Mr Wangs praise表动宾关系： the famous stars admirers表修饰关系： a doctors degree表同位关系(只用of所有格)：the city of Beijing【真题对点析】21.（2018全国新课标卷II短文改错）When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night.【答案】Fridays改为Friday。【解析】考查名词的格。名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地
20、点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”，并不是所有关系，故把Fridays改为Friday。2. mother was unconscious for five hours after being admitted to hospital. A. John and MaryB. Johns and Marys C. Johns and MaryD. John and Marys【答案】D【解析】句意：约翰和玛丽的妈妈被接收入院后五个小时都不省人事。此处主语是单数名词，表示约翰和玛丽共有的妈妈，所以只在最后一
21、个名词词尾加-s。如表示他们各自的母亲，则用Johns and Marys mothers。【对点模拟练】21. The shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into car. A. girls; TomsB. girls; Toms C. girls; TomsD. girls; Toms【答案】C【解析】考查名词所有格。根据后半句中的I asked them可知是多个女孩，所以第一个空格处用girls；后一个空格处是单数概念，用Toms。2. There is a nic
22、e picture in the littlebedroom. She likes it very much.A. girl B. girls C. girls D. girls 【答案】C3. This is reading-room.A. the teachers B. teachers C. teacher D. the teachers 【答案】D4. The newly-built library is a building.A. five storey B. five storeys C. five-storeys D. five storeys【答案】D【考点精准说】3-名词的功
23、能（1）可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语Mary is to meet you at the airport.My brother is a worker.He bought a new book.We made him monitor of our class.（2）作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。分类意义air pollution空气污染；coffee cup咖啡杯；body language身体语言；road accident交通事故； the Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖时间、地点、称呼等Doctor Jack杰克医生；Profe
24、ssor Li李教授；evening school夜校；winter sleep冬眠表目的、来源、材料、所属意义reception desk接待台；sports field田径场；stone table石桌；color TV彩电（3）作状语名词作状语多为表时间或距离等概念的名词。The war lasted eight years.（4）作同位语Tom, our monitor, left school last year.【真题对点析】3 1（2020江苏省高考真题）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing co
25、nsiderable _.AreservationBtransformationCdistinctionDSubmission【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；B. transformation改革，变革；C. distinction区别；D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。2（2020天津高考真题）His vivid descriptions of country life quickly became pop
26、ular, which established his _as one of Americas greatest writers.AtrustBcontactCreputationDTheory【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对乡村生活的生动描述迅速流行起来，这树立了他作为美国伟大作家之一的声誉。A. trust信任；B. contact联系；C. reputation声誉；D. theory理论。根据句意，尤其是greatest writers可知此处用reputation“声誉”符合语境，故选C项。3. 【2019江苏卷 】26.Nowadays the _ for trave
27、lling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。4. 【2018江苏】Trytounderstandwhatsactually happening instead of acting on the _ youve ma
28、de.A. assignment B. association C. acquisition D. assumption【答案】D【解析】考查名词，词义辨析及语境理解。 句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment 分配； B. association 交往； C. acquisition 获得；D. assumption 假设。故选D。5. .【2019天津卷 】We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) _on our lives in many ways.A.
29、 statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。6. （2018浙江卷）Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise
30、 in _64_(weigh) problems.【答案】weight 【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。【对点模拟练】36Parents can make _ big difference in dealing with _ stress of their children.【答案】A【考点精准说】4-主谓一致一语法一致原则，即主语语法形式上的单复数形式与谓语的单复数形式要一致。 1.单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句做主语时，谓语动词一般采用单数形式。注意：一个主语从句做主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。但若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复
31、数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。2.当主语是and, bothand 连接的并列结构时，如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，谓语动词用复数。注意：两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一人，同一物、同一概念，或不可分割的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数。这时and 后面的名词没有冠词。3.由 and 连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each、every 、no、many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲
32、所从事的职业感到骄傲。Each boy and each girl has an apple.每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。Many a teacher and many a student has seen the film.许多老师和学生都看过这部电影。注意：each作主语或其修饰的名词作主语：each作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each student has an MP3, which gives them more ways to enjoy their spare time.每个学生都有一个MP3，这给他们在课余时间享受生活提供了更多的方式。Each of th
33、e class has been given a bike.这个班里的每一个学生都得到了一辆自行车。注意：each位于复数主语后或句尾，不影响谓语动词的数。They each have built a happy family. (=They have built a happy family each.)他们每个人都组建了幸福的家庭。4某些不定代词，如 either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, everybody, every
34、one, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 等做主语，谓语动词用单数。Each of the students has a book.每个学生都有一本书。5主语是由“many a +名词”或“more than one+名词”构成，其意义虽属多数，但是随后的谓语动词仍然用单数。Many a student is here.很多学生在这里。More than one student goes to the park.很多学生去了公园。注意：“many+复数名词+than one”结构之后， 谓语动词一般多用复数形式。More employees than o
35、ne are against your suggestion. 反对你的提议的雇员不止一个。二. 意义一致原则，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。1.时间、距离、金钱、重量等复数名词做主语时，其谓语动词用单数。时间：Three weeks is a long time to wait for an answer.距离：One hundred kilometers is not a long distance.金钱：20,000 dollars is not a small sum of money.重量：Two hundred tons of water was used in t
36、hat factory last month.2.一个算式时，表示数目的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词用单数形式。Twenty-five plus five is equal to thirty.Forty-three minus twenty-five makes eighteen.3.s 结尾的学科名称，如：mathematics, physics, politics, economics，mechanics, athletics, linguistics 等；Mathematics seems to be difficult to me.注意：专有名词，如国名、人名、书名、戏剧名、组织机
37、构及形式复数意义单数的名词news和以-s结尾的疾病的名词,如measles，arthritis, bronchitis, rickets, mumps等，他们形式上是复数，但意义上是单数。用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。No news is good news.The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book.The United States is a powerful country in the world.4.山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s 结尾的专有名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。 The Olympic Games are held once
38、every four years.5一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。常用的这类词有：a. Goods（货物）；arms(武器); wages(工资);contents(内容); remains(尸体); fireworks(烟火)；clothes（衣服）；stairs(楼梯)等;b.凡是由-ings 结尾的名词，如surroundings(环境); savings(储蓄存款);clippings (剪下来的东西), diggings(挖出来的东西)，earnings(收入)，filings(銼屑)，lodgings ( 租住的房间)，sweepings (扫拢的垃圾)
39、等;cglasses; shorts(短裤）; trousers; shoes; scissors(剪刀); scales(天平); gloves(手套); compasses(圆规); spectacles(眼镜). 但是若其前面有pair 等表示单位的名词时，那么谓语动词的单复数由这些表示单位的词的单复数决定。One pair of shoes is missing.。Two pairs of trousers are missing. 6单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语动词的形式。常见的名词可分为一下几类：某些动物名词：deer; fish; sheep; grouse (
40、松鸡); salmon(鲑); bison(野牛); swine(猪)等.以-ese 或-ss 结尾的表示民族或国籍的名词：Chinese; Japanese; Portuguese(葡萄牙人); Swiss（瑞士人）; Vietnamese（越南人）等。某些以-s 结尾的名词：mans(方式，方法); species (种类); series (系列); works (工厂；著作); crossroads(十字路口); headquarters(司令部); barracks (营房); crops (部队); links(高尔夫球场);等.某些表示计量单位的名词：Horsepower（马力）
41、; hertz（赫兹）; kilohertz（千赫）其它一些名词：Aircraft; craft(船；航空器；航天器); dice(骰子); offspring(子孙)等.There are five sheep on the farm, but there are only three goats.This glass works (factory) was set up in 1990.These glass works are near the railway station. Every possible means has been tried to to save the badl
42、y-hurt worker. All possible means have been tried to to save the badly-hurt worker.为了去拯救这个严重受伤的工人，我们已经尝试了所有可能的方法。7 clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage,等无生命的集体名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。Clothing is badly needed in the flooded area.8 people, police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。 The
43、 police are looking for the thief.9 集合名词class，family, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public, government, majority, minority, staff, class, company, union, gang, committee, council，nation等做主语，如果作为一个整体看待，其谓语动词要用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，则谓语动词用复数。My family is a large one.My family
44、 are watching TV.10疑问代词who, what, which; 不定代词 all（指代的是“人”时, 谓语动词用复数；指代的是“物”时，谓语动词用单数）, none, some, any；half/ most/enough/the rest/ the last/ lots/plenty/part/分数/百分数+of+名词做主语，谓语动词的单复数要由它们所接名词的单复数而定。根据其指代的内容而定。All is going on very well.All are present besides the professor.A lot of students are coming
45、 to the meeting.11 “a number of +复数可数名词”表示“一些，许多”，谓语动词要用复数。“the number of +复数可数名词”表示“的数目，数量”，谓语动词要用单数。The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.有50个人被邀请，但是很多人因为各种各样的原因缺席了。12 a quantity of /an amount of+名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。 Quantities of / amounts of +名词
46、做主语，谓语动词用复数。 A(this) kind/sort/type of+名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。 These (those) kinds/sorts/types of +名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。A large quantity of books is here.Large quantities of books are here.A large amount of money is wasted.Large amounts of money are wasted.13. “one and a half+可数名词复数”，“one in (out of )+可数名词复数”作主语，谓语
47、动词一般用单数。One and a half days is all the manager can spare. 经理只能抽出一天半的时间。One in three students can speak English in this school. 在这所学校的每三个学生中就有一个会说英语的。注意：one or two, aor two修饰的名词作主语：One or two后接复数名词作主语，谓语动词要用复数。但在“a/an+单数名词+or two”结构之后，位于却常用单数。14关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中做主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Those
48、 who want to go to the park, please stand up.Some of the energy that is used by man nowadays comes from the atom.“one of +复数名词+定语从句”，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。“the only/the very/the first/the last + one of +复数名词+定语从句”, 定语从句的谓语动词用单数。15 “the +形容词/分词”做主语，如果指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数。The rich are not always happy.三就(靠)近原则，即谓语动词
49、的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。1.由 or; eitheror; neithernor; whetheror; not onlybut also，notbut等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。Neither you nor I am fit for the work.Not only Tom but also Mary and Jane are tired of doing the same thing every day. 注意：“with /along with/ together with/ comb
50、ined with/ as well as/ like/unlike/ rather than/ but/ except /besides/ in addition to/ including/ more than/ no less than/accompanied by +名词”置于主语后，他们都充当插入语，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。He, like you and Jim, is clever.The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible.Mary, as well as her sisters, studie
51、s Chinese in China.Nobody except Bill and Jonny has entered the second round of the interview.但当 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.【真题对点析】41.【2019江苏卷单项填空】 22.The musician along with his band members _ ten performances in the last three months.A. givesB.
52、 has givenC. have givenD. give【答案】B【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。2（2020江苏省高考真题）If you look at all sides of the situation, youll find probably
53、a solution that _ everyone.AsuitBsuitedCsuitsDhas suited【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故选C。3（2020天津高考真题）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and _ around that level since.Aare remainingBhave rem
54、ainedCis remainingDhas remained【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools，the number of表示“的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。【对点模拟练】51.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every
55、Sunday afternoon in winter.A.is goingB.goC.goesD.are going【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：在冬天的每个星期天下午，这位父亲和他的三个孩子都去结冰的河面上滑冰。当 as well as 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与as well as前面的名词或代词保持一致。本题的谓语动词应与The father保持一致，用单数形式；由时间状语 every Sunday afternoon可知，2.All we need _ a small piece of land where we can plant various ki
56、nds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.A.areB. wasC. isD. were【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致及时态用法。句中的主语为代词all，代指的是物，故谓语动词用单数形式。再根据从句中的can可以判断用一般现在时。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种各种不同的水果树。故C正确。3.The university estimates that living expenses for international students _ around $8，450 a year,
57、 which _ a burden for some of them. A. are；is B. are；are C. is；are D. is；is【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：那所大学估计，对国际学生来说，一年的生活开销大约是8450美元，这对他们中某些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是living expenses，是复数，因此谓语动词用复数；第二空的主语是which，指代的是前面整个句子，因此谓语动词用单数。4.So far as I know, a number of the students in our school _ from the suburb and the n
58、umber of them _ 500.A. come；isB. comes；areC. comes；isD. come；are【答案】A 【解析】考查主谓一致。第一空的主语是a number of the students in our school，指许多学生，谓语用复数形式；第二空的主语是the number of them，指学生的数量，谓语用单数形式。故选A。5.The teacher along with her students _ the Palace Museum when we came across her.A. were visitingB. was visitingC
59、. has visitedD. have visited【答案】B 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：当我们遇见那位老师的时候，她正在和她的学生们参观故宫。名词+介词短语作主语时，谓语动词要和介词前面的名词保持一致，即遵循就远原则。该题中，谓语动词要和the teacher保持一致。该句时间状语为when we came across her，表示过去的时间，且根据句意可知，该空表示我们遇见老师时老师正在做的事情，要用过去进行时态。故选B。Part 3强化集训【真题模测】一单句语法填空1.【2020新课标III卷语法填空】Filled with 64 (curious), the artist
60、 packed his bags and left.2.【2020新课标I卷语法填空】The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side.3. 【2020新课标II卷语法填空】 Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the begi
61、nning of spring.4.【2018新课标卷I语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).5.【2018浙江卷】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to c
62、ook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.6.【2018新课标卷I语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).7. 【2018浙江卷 】Few p
63、eople I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.【答案】1. 64. curiosity 此考查名词。处介词 with 的宾语应该由名词充当，故用名词形式curiosity。 2.64. interest 65. than【解析】64. interest 此处考查(be) of interest，该短语相当于(be) interesting, of particular interest 相当于particularl
64、y interesting, 形容词particular应修饰名词 interest。 65. than 此处考查连词的使用。根据上下文可知，本句是对 the far side of the moon 以及 the familiar near side 进行比较，故应用连词 than；more so than意为“比更加”， so 替代前文“deep craters”。3.61.celebration 考查名词。根据空白处之前的 a 和后面的非谓语动词 marking，可知此 处应填名词 celebration。 4.causes 【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步
65、，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。5.dishes【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。6.causes 【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。7. dishes【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。二单句改错1.（2020 全国卷3 改错）My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our families. 2.（
66、2020 全国卷3 改错） My dad dont like the soup and I dont enjoy apples.3.【2020新课标I卷短文改错】Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.4.【2020新课标II卷短文改错】Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.5.【2020新课标III卷短文改错】My mom is really concerning with the health of everyo
67、ne in our families. 6.【2019新课标II卷短文改错】Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do.7. （2018全国新课标卷II短文改错）When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night.【答案】1. 考查名词单复数。句意同上。family当“家庭”讲时，是集合名词，这里表示“我们一个家庭”，所以用单数，families改成family。2.考查主谓一致。句意：我爸爸不喜欢汤，我也不喜欢苹果。表示经常或反复发生的事
68、情，用一般现在时。主语my dad是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，所以dont改成doesnt。3.chopstick chopsticks 【解析】筷子通常为一双（两根），常用复数，所以应改为复数形式。 4.vacations vacation 考查名词。句意为“我将在两周后回家过暑假”， summer vacation 意为“暑假”，此处指今年的暑假，因此将 vacations 改为 vacation。5.concerning concerned；考查非谓语动词。families family 考查名词。 【解析】be concerned with 为固定搭配，意“关心，关切”；根据句意可
69、知是“母亲关心我们家每个人的健康”，故应用集体名词 family 指一家人。 6.job改为jobs【解析】考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。7. Fridays改为Friday。【解析】考查名词的格。名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”，并不是所有关系，故把Fridays改为Friday。【典题模测】一单项选择1Emergency workers
70、 have made_with the miners struggling under the ground by using their advanced facility.AcontactBconcernCcompanyDcharacter2The people living in these apartments have free_ to that swimming pool.AaccessBpassageCwayDapproach3The COVID-19 pandemic has put the world economy into a difficult_.AoccasionBc
71、aseCsituationDbackground470 years ago, the Chinese Peoples Volunteers entered the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea as a rapid and effective _ to the US wild behavior.AadventureBstruggleCresponseDcontribute5Experts have pointed out that the _ of severe punishment plays a major role in the growing
72、 food safety problem.AabsenceBpresenceCexistenceDevidence6Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.AinfluenceBindependenceCcompetenceDintelligence7At the annual Forum, experts across the globe have in-depth discussions on world peace, provide each
73、other with some _, and contribute their wisdom to stabilizing the international order.Anut to crackBfood for thoughtCjump for joyDsense of belonging8There were as many as six hundred _ on this brand new ship, which just had embarked on its maiden voyage, venturing ever further into the unknown.Afaci
74、litiesBcontainersCfurnitureDequipment9Efforts are being made to improve the _ of food distribution, with charities and food banks to collect and deliver excess food to those who cant afford even the most basic food.AresponsibilityBefficiencyCpossibilityDconvenience10At the bus stop in Hamilton, Pete
75、r took the _ in making friends with Gina, which finally led to a lifetime happy marriage.AactionBtroubleCcourageDinitiative11Hull University states that if any student should break the rules on proper language use, they shall be offered feedback as to why, while deduction of marks will be taken on a
76、 case-by-case _.AbaseBchargeCaccountDbasis12She spoke confidently because she wanted to make a good _ on her employer.AinfluenceBpressureCimpressionDeffect13For many affected families, cuts to school bus service will mean a big_in their morning and afternoon schedules.AsettlementBmotivationCsolution
77、Dadjustment14A _can be any container that holds objects meant for people to open in the future, whether that be in 5, 10, or even 100 years.Atime capsuleBcultural elementCphysical featureDrecycling facility15The main_ of the method is that it may create a lot of greenhouse gases, which is not eco-fr
78、iendly.AconvenienceBbasisCdrawbackDschedule【答案】1A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：紧急救援人员利用先进的设备与在地下挣扎的矿工取得了联系。A. contact联系；B. concern关心；C. company陪伴；D. character性格。结合后文“with the miners struggling under the ground by using their advanced facility”可知此处指利用先进的设备与在地下挣扎的矿工取得了联系，短语make contact with sb.“与某人取得联系”。故选A。2A【详解】考
79、查名词辨析。句意：住在这些公寓里的人可以免费使用那个游泳池。A. access通道，进入，机会，使用权；B. passage 一段（文章），走廊，通路；C. way方式，方法；D. approach方法，接近。由语意可知，设空处表示“使用”，用access，构成短语“have access to”，表示“使用，接近，可以利用”。故选A项。3C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：新冠肺炎疫情使世界经济陷入困境。A. occasion机会，场合； B. case情况，实例 ；C. situation 形势，处境；D. background背景。由“The COVID-19 pandemic”可知，新冠
80、疫情使得世界经济进入了困难的处境，故选C项。4C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：70年前，中国人民志愿军进入朝鲜，作为对美国野蛮行为的快速有效反应。A. adventure冒险；B. struggle斗争；C. response反应；D. contribute贡献。由句意可知，中国人民志愿军进入朝鲜，这是对美国野蛮行为的一种反应。故选C项。5A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：专家指出，没有严厉的惩罚是导致食品安全问题日益严重的主要原因。A. absence缺失；B. presence出席；C. existence存在；D. evidence证明。由语意可知，食品安全问题的日益严重在很大程度上是
81、因为：严厉惩罚的缺失（absence）。故选A项。6C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：教师必须不断更新自己的知识，以保持他们的专业技能。A. influence影响；B. independence独立；C. competence能力，技能；D. intelligence智力。由语意可知，教师更新自己知识的目的应该是保持自己专业技能。故选C项。7B【详解】考察名词短语。句意：在年度论坛上，各国专家围绕世界和平深入探讨，相互献计献策，为维护国际秩序贡献智慧。A. nut to crack不易克服的困难；B. food for thought精神食粮；C. jump for joy欢欣鼓舞；D. s
82、ense of belonging归属感。根据后文“contribute their wisdom to stabilizing the international order.”可知，各国科学家在论坛上为维护国际秩序贡献智慧，智慧属于精神层面的东西，所以前面provide的宾语也应该是精神食粮。科学家们互相提供方法和智慧，这些都属于精神食粮。故选：B项。【点睛】本句虽然很长，却是一个简单句，主语是experts，谓语动词是have，provide，contribute。8B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这艘崭新的游轮上装载了多达600个集装箱，它刚刚开始了它的处女航，向未知世界的更深处冒险
83、。A. facilities设施；B. containers集装箱，容器；C. furniture家具；D. equipment装备。根据后文“on this brand new ship”可知游轮上装载的是600多个集装箱。故选B。9B【详解】考查名词。句意：为提高食品分发效率的努力正在进行着，慈善机构和食品银行将多余的食品收集起来，分发给那些连最基本的食品都买不起的人。A. responsibility责任，义务；B. efficiency效率； C. possibility可能性；D. convenience便利性。从后面“with charities and food banks to
84、 collect and deliver excess food to those who cant afford even the most basic food.”可知，慈善机构和食品银行所做的事情就是在提高食品分发的效率，让多余的食物被买不起的人所用。故选B项。10D【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：在汉密尔顿的公交车站，皮特主动和吉娜成为了朋友，这最终带来了一生幸福的婚姻。A. action行动；B. trouble麻烦；C. courage勇气；D. initiative主动权。根据“ which finally led to a lifetime happy marriage.”可知，皮
85、特主动和吉娜成为了朋友，take initiative in doing sth，表示“在做某事方面采取主动”，故选D。11D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：赫尔大学表示，如果有学生违反了有关恰当使用语言的规定，校方会给他们反馈原因，同时会根据具体情况扣分。A. base基础，基地； B. charge费用，掌管； C. account 账户，理由；D. basis基准，准则，方式。on a basis 以的标准，按照的准则。故选D项。12C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说话很自信，因为她想给雇主留下一个好印象。A. influence影响；B. pressure压力；C. impress
86、ion印象；D. effect效果，影响。结合前后文语境可知，说话自信是为了给雇主留下好印象，make a good impression on sb.“给某人留下好印象”。故选C。13D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对许多受影响的家庭来说，校车服务的减少意味着他们早上和下午的日程安排将会有很大的调整。A. settlement解决；B. motivation动机；C. solution解决方案；D. adjustment调整。结合前后文语境“cuts to school bus service will mean a big_ in their morning and afternoon
87、schedules”可知，校车服务的减少会导致很多家庭早上和下午的日常安排有很大调整，应用adjustment。故选D。14A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：时间胶囊可以是任何一个容器，里面装着未来人们可以打开的东西，不管是5年、10年，还是100年。A.time capsule 时间胶囊；B.cultural element文化要素；C.physical feature身体特征；D.recycling facility 回收设施。分析题意，根据后文内“can be any container that holds objects meant for people to open in the
88、 future, whether that be in 5, 10, or even 100 years”可知，此处的某物指代“时间胶囊”。故选A项。15C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种方法的主要缺点是它可能会产生大量的温室气体，这不是环保的。分析题意，根据后文提及的“it may create a lot of greenhouse gases, which is not eco-friendly”可知，此处在强调这种方法的“缺点”。A.convenience 方便，便利；B.basis 基础；C.drawback 缺点；D.schedule 计划表，安排表。综合分析，C项符合题意。故
89、选C项。二语法填空16Neither he nor I_(be) the right person for the post. 17Neither of the twins _(like) maths. 18Neither my parents nor my younger sister_(be) at home today. 19We need food and water for _ (survive). 20There is a growing _ (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.21Music seemed
90、 to quiet her _ (anxious)and loneliness. 22I need to work in pleasant _ (surrounding)23He is an _ (adventure) travelling the world. 24Many people expressed a strong _ (prefer) for the original plan. 25This medicine is quite beneficial to your _ (recover) after the operation, providing you take it as
91、 told. 26In other words, every action and _ (move) in Peking Opera is important. 27_ (variety) of books have been published.28When he heard someone calling his name, he looked back in _.(amaze) 29It is easy to find our the information in an oral(口头的)_(describe). 30The job of the new director was to
92、ensure that _(perform) targets were met.答案16am【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他和我都不是这个职位的合适人选。neither.nor连接两个并列主语时需要遵循就近原则，本句谓语动词be和主语I较近，故和I保持一致，此处是叙述现在的事实，所以用一般现在时，故填am。17likes【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这对双胞胎都不喜欢数学。本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，neither作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。故填likes。18is【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：我父母和我妹妹今天都不在家。由句中使用neither .nor(既不也不)连接两个主
93、语可知，主谓一致应遵循“就近原则”，即和较近的主语保持一致，就近的主语“my sister”为单数，谓语动词用三单，根据时间状语today(今天)可知，时态为一般现在时，故填is。19survival【详解】考查名词。句意：我们需要食物和水才能生存。由介词for可知此处应填入提示词“survive(生存)”的名词形式survival(生存)，作宾语，故填survival。20tendency【详解】考查名词。句意：人们在家里而不是在办公室里工作正成为一种增长的趋势。分析句子可知，设空处应填名词作there be句型的主语，再结合tend可知，对应的名词是tendency“趋势”，放在a gro
94、wing后面用名词单数形式tendency。故填tendency。21anxiety【详解】考查名词。句意：音乐似乎减轻了她的焦虑和孤独。此处作宾语，应用名词anxiety，表示“焦虑”为不可数名词。故填anxiety。22surroundings【详解】考查名词的数。句意：我需要在愉快的环境中工作。此处作宾语，应用名词surrounding，且surrounding表示“环境”时常用复数形式。故填surroundings。23adventurer【详解】考查名词。句意：他是一个周游世界的冒险家。不定冠词an修饰单数可数名词，空处需填名词“冒险家”作表语，adventurer意为“冒险家”。故
95、填adventurer。24preference【详解】考查名词。句意：许多人对原来的计划表示强烈的偏爱。根据句意以及空前的a strong，空处应填名词单数形式，故填preference。25recovery【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你按医嘱服用，这种药对你手术后的恢复很有好处。根据前文“your（你的）”为形容词性物主代词可知，后应填名词；recovery作为“恢复”时，为不可数名词。故填recovery。26movement【详解】考查名词。句意：换句话说，京剧中的每一个行为和动作都是重要的。分析句子可知，设空处同action在句中共同作主语，应用名词形式，前面有every修饰，应用单
96、数形式，故填movement。27Varieties【详解】考查名词。句意：已出版各种书籍。分析句子可知，设空处同of一起修饰主语books，可知是名词variety，表示“各种各样的”是 a variety of或varieties of，此处前面没有a，故填Varieties。28amazement【详解】考查名词。句意：当他听到有人叫他的名字，他惊讶地回头看。in amazement表示“惊讶地”，是固定短语，故填amazement。29description【详解】考查名词。句意：在口头描述中很容易找到我们需要的信息。根据前文的an oral，可知此处填名词单数形式，故填description。30performance【详解】考查名词。句意：新主管的工作是确保达到业绩目标。 根据句意，所填词应该是名词，修饰名词target；perform是动词，名词形式为performance。故填performance。