1、Section Learning about Language&Using Language课前 自主预习课堂 合作探究课后 限时训练课文预读释疑原文呈现A VISIT TO THE MOONLast month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make atrip into space with my friend Li Yanping，an astronomer.Wevisited the moon in our spaceship！Before we left，Li Yanping explained to me that the force
2、 ofgravity would change three times on our journey and that the firstchange would be the most powerfulThen we were off.As the rocket rose into the air，we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity.It was sohard that we could not say anything to ea
3、ch other.Gradually10 the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him.“Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth？On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.”I asked.“We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull，”he explained,“so we feel as if there is no gravity at
4、all.When we get closer to the moon，we shall feel its gravity pulling us,but it will not be as strong apull asthe earths.”I cheered up immediately and floatedweightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earthbecome smaller and the moon largerLi Yanping explained to me that.and that.中，that引
5、导的从句作explained的宾语。so.that.“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。as strong a pull as为“asadj.a(n)n.as”结构。现在分词短语watching the earth become smaller and the moonlarger作伴随状语。watch sb./sth.dosth.“观察某人/某物做某事。”When we got there，I wanted to explore immediately.“Come on，”I said.“If you are right，my weight will be less than on the e
6、arth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely.I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough.I shall certainly weigh less！”I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship.But when I tried to step forward21，I found I was carried twice as far ason the earth and f
7、ell over22.“Oh dear，”I cried，“walking does need a bit of practicenow that23gravity has changed.”After a while I got the hang of24 it and we began to enjoy ourselves25.twice as far as“的两倍远”。倍数表示法：倍数(twice，three times.)asadj./adv.as。动名词walking在此处作主语。does是助动词，用于加强语气，常译为“确实”，后面跟动词原形。Leaving the moons gr
8、avitywas not as painful as leaving the earths.But returning to the earth was very frightening.We watched，amazed as fire broke out26 on the outside of the spaceship as the earthsgravity increased.Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came back to land.“That was very exhausting27 but very exc
9、iting too，”I said.“Now I know much more about gravity！Do you think we could visit some stars next time？”“Of course，”he smiled，“which star would you like to go to？”动名词短语Leaving the moons gravity作主语。阅读清障名词visit后接to，意为“到的旅行”，to为介词。have a chance to do sth.有机会做某事make a trip(take a tripgo on a trip)去旅行in
10、our spaceship乘宇宙飞船，相当于by spaceship。spaceship/speIsIp/n.宇宙飞船explain sth.to sb.向某人解释某事。本句explain的宾语是两个that从句，因太长而后移了。explain后不能直接跟sb.，须先接介词to。类似的词还有say，announce等。the force of gravity地心引力 be off离开，起飞。在本句中相当于take off。push.back into.把推回到pull/pl/n.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力pull down拆毁pull on/off匆忙穿上/匆忙脱掉gradually adv
11、.逐渐地，逐步地，渐渐地lessen/lesn/vi.&vt.减少；减轻fall back to落回到be far from离很远get close to接近，靠近feel sb./sth.doingsth.感到某人/某物在做某事cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋float/flt/vi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n漂浮物weightlessly/weItlIslI/adv.失重地cabin/kbIn/n.小屋；船舱come on快点儿。常用于祈使句中以鼓励某人，意为“快点儿，加油”。21 step forward朝前走，向前迈步22 fall over跌倒，摔倒23 now that既
12、然(引导原因状语从句)24 get the hang of熟悉；掌握；理解25 enjoy oneself尽情地玩；玩得高兴26 break out(战争、火灾等)突发，爆发27 exhausting adj.令人精疲力尽的 exhaust/Izst/vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽exhausted adj.感到精疲力尽的课文译文月球之旅上个月我有幸有机会同我的一位天文学家朋友李彦平一起去太空旅行。我们乘宇宙飞船游览了月球！在起程前，李彦平向我解释说，在我们的旅行中会有三次引力的改变，而第一次的改变将是最强的。随后我们就起航了。随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。
13、这种引力太强了，以至于我们彼此之间都不能说话了。渐渐地，这个力量慢慢减小，我才能够同他讲话。我问道：“为什么宇宙飞船不会向后朝地球的方向落下去呢？在地球上的时候，如果我从树上掉下来，总会朝地上落下去的。”李彦平解释说：“现在我们离地球太远了，感觉不到地球的拉力，所以我们感觉好像完全没有地球引力了。当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。”我立刻高兴起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。我们到达月球时，我就想立即进行探索。“来吧，”我说，“要是你讲得对，我的重量就会比在地球上小，因为月球比地球小，而
14、我就能更自由地活动了。如果我在月球上待的时间足够长的话，我甚至可能长得更高，我的体重肯定也会变得更轻！”我笑着从宇宙飞船的梯级上爬下来。但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，走路的确需要练一练了。”过了一会儿，我才掌握了走路的诀窍，我们这才开始感到自如了。摆脱月球引力不像摆脱地球引力那样痛苦。但是返回到地球的经历却是非常吓人的。我们惊奇地看到，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。当我们回到地面时，我们又(感到)被重重地推回在座位上。我说道：“真是精疲力尽了，但也很激动人心。关于引力，我现在就懂得更多了！你
15、认为下次我们可以去某些星球上游览吗？”“当然可以，”他笑着说，“你想到哪颗星球上去呢？”课文阅读理解Step 1 Read the text carefully and then decide the followingstatements True(T)or False(F)1The author made his first trip to the moon.()2While the rocket tried to escape the pull of the earths gravity，the author and his friend were talking happily.()T
16、F3The spaceship didnt fall back to the earth because it was toofar from the moon.()4When a person is on the moon，he is lighter than he is on theearth.()5The author wants to explore other natural satellites like themoon.()FTFStep 2 Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the text.TimeThe wa
17、y gravity changedHis weight changedWhen leaving the earthThe gravity became very 1_.He became very heavy.When in space The gravity2_.He was 3._ and could float in the cabin.When on the moonThe gravity became very 4_.He weighed 5._ than on the earth.strong disappearedweightlessweak less基础知识自检.单词预习1_(
18、n.)万有引力；重力2_(n.)卫星；人造卫星3_(n.)气候4_(vi.&vt.)碰撞；坠落5_(n.)宇宙飞船gravity satellite climatecrash spaceship6_(n.&vt.)拉(力)；拖；牵引力7_(vi.&vt.)(使)浮动；(使)漂浮(n.)漂浮物8_(n.)生物学_(n.)生物学家9_(adj.)温和的；文雅的_(adv.)温和地10 _(n.)物 理 学 家 _(n.)物 理 学_(adj.)物理的；物质的；身体的pull float biology biologistgentlegentlyphysicistphysicsphysical.短语
19、研习1_ a result 结果2block _ 挡住(光线)3cheer _ 感到高兴；感到振奋4 _ that 既然5get the hang _ 熟悉；掌握；理解6break _ 突发；爆发7watch _ for 密切注意；当心；提防as out upnowof outout.句型博习1Last month I _ have a chance tomake a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping，an astronomer.上个月我有幸有机会同我的一位天文学家朋友李彦平一起去太空旅行。was lucky enough to2When we
20、 get closer to the moon，we shall feel its gravitypulling us，but it will not be _ the earths.当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。as strong a pull as3But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried_ on the earth and fell over.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。4.walking _ a bit of p
21、ractice _ gravityhas changed.既然重力改变了，走路的确需要练一练了。twice as far asdoes neednow that1pull n&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力教材原文As the rocket rose into the air,we were pushed back intoour seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earthsgravity.随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。归纳拓展pull through 恢复健康；渡过难关pull o
22、n 穿；戴；继续拉pull in(火车)进站；(船)靠岸；驶向路边停靠pull out 离站；抽出pull down 拆毁(建筑物)；拉下She pulled the little boy gently towards her.她把小男孩轻轻地拉到身边。His home was pulled down by fire.他的家被大火烧毁了。Imy phone to read a text message from my mom.我拿出手机读妈妈发的短信。pulled out 巧学助记对比记忆push/pull2block out 挡住(光线)教材原文As a result of this eve
23、nt，a great dust cloud formed inthe sky blocking out the sunlight.结果，大量的尘埃在空中形成，挡住了阳光。归纳拓展block up 阻碍；堵塞block off(用障碍物)隔开block in 草拟(计划、大纲等)；画出(略图等)If the sunlight is blocked out，it will take more time for theclothes to dry.如果阳光被挡住，这些衣服就得花费更多的时间才能干。Over the years she had tried to block out that part
24、of her life.多年来她努力想把她生命中的那一段经历从记忆中抹去。Have you blocked in a plan of action?你拟定行动大纲了吗？Heavy snow hasall the roads into Scotland.大雪堵塞了所有通往苏格兰的路。blocked up 3cheer up(使某人)感到高兴/感到振奋；欢呼教材原文I cheered up immediately and floated weightlesslyaround in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smallerand th
25、e moon larger.我立刻高兴起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。归纳拓展(1)cheer vi.欢呼，喝彩vt.鼓舞n.欢呼，喝彩声cheer sb.on 为某人加油cheer sb.up 使高兴起来/振奋起来cheer up(单独使用)高兴起来，振作起来(常用于交际用语，相当于come on)cheers 干杯(祝酒用语)(2)cheerful adj.高兴的cheerless adj.阴郁的；惨淡的Give Mary a call；she needs cheering up.给玛丽打个电话，她需要人安慰。When Im fe
26、eling sad my mother tells me funny storiesto.当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事让我高兴起来。cheer me up，Mandy!Oh，Im all right，really.“打起精神来，曼迪！”“噢，我没事儿，真的。”Cheer up4break out突发；爆发教材原文We watched，amazed as fire broke out on the outside ofthe spaceship as the earths gravity increased.我们惊奇地看到，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。归纳拓展bre
27、ak away from 逃离；脱离break down 出故障；垮掉；划分；失败break in 强行进入；打断break into 强行闯入；突然开始break off 断开；中断；停顿break through 突破；冲破break up 破碎；解散；分手The fire broke out at 2 oclock，so many people were killedwhen they were sleeping.大火发生在夜里两点钟，因此很多人在熟睡中被烧死了。A quarrel broke out suddenly at midnight.半夜，突然有人吵起来。The prisone
28、r broke away from the policemen and ranaway.囚犯挣脱了警察，逃跑了。Theyand looted the warehouse.他们破门而入，抢劫了仓库。The meetingat 5 oclock.会议是在五点钟解散的。broke in broke up 5watch out for密切注意；当心；提防归纳拓展watch over 照顾；监督；保护watch out 留意keep a watch 守望；注视Youll be cheated if you dont watch out.如果你不小心，就会上当受骗。Watch out/Look out！T
29、here is a car coming.小心！有车来了。I watched over his house while he was out.他外出期间，我照管他的房子。The passengers were warned tothieves.警告乘客当心小偷。点津 watch out的同义短语还有：look out，take care，becareful等。watch out for.品句填词1A truck went out of control and _(碰撞)into theback of a bus.2The Blacks wanted to move to a warmer _(
30、气候)3The smell of new bread _(飘动)up from the kitchen.4This soap is very _(温和的)on the hands.crashedclimate floated gentle 5Dont _(拉)so hard，or the handle will go off.6As we all know，Qian Xuesen is a famous _(物理学家)7In the wild，this fish can reach a _(重量)of 5 kilos.pullphysicistweight8His sister is stud
31、ying _(生物学)at college.9Do you know the name of the _(卫星)?10 The young man knows little about Newtons Law of_(万有引力)biologysatellite Gravity.完成句子1Much as I tried，I simply couldnt _ drivingskills.尽管我努力了，但我还是不能掌握驾驶技巧。2I think you should _ that mandont becheated by him.我认为你应该当心那个人不要被他欺骗。get the hang ofwa
32、tch out for3 When President Xi Jinping turned up，all the students_.当习近平主席出现时，所有的学生都高兴起来。4After he left this country，the war _.在他离开这个国家后，战争爆发了。5She bought heavy curtains _.她买了厚窗帘来抵挡光线。cheered upbroke outto block out the light.单句语法填空1The boy narrowly escaped _(kill)when the fire inhis room exploded.2W
33、e put a blanket across the window _(block)out thesunlight.3The whole family had almost given up hope,but the little boyfinally pulled _.4Watch out _ cars when you are crossing the road.being killedto blockthroughfor5_ makes the book so extraordinary is the creativeimagination of the writer.6 It rema
34、ins to be seen _ the newly formedcommittees policy can be put into practice.7They couldnt agree with each other and finally a quarrelbroke _ between them.Whatwhetherout8She spent the whole afternoon _(float)on herback in the pool.9He encouraged the family to cheer _.10The reason why he was absent fr
35、om the meeting is _he was ill.floatingupthat1教材原文Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance tomake a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping，an astronomer.上个月我有幸有机会同我的一位天文学家朋友李彦平一起去太空旅行。(1)enough可以用作形容词、副词和代词：1)enough作副词(句中的用法)。用于修饰形容词或其他副词，也可修饰动词，多置于被修饰词之后，其后常接for短语，to do短语，以及for sb.to do.结构。
36、2)作形容词。用于修饰名词，可置于名词前和名词后。3)作代词。可作主语和宾语。The boy is old enough to go to school.这个男孩到上学的年龄了。She couldnt run quickly enough to catch up with him.她跑得不够快，追不上他。The meat is not cooked.肉炖得不够熟。enoughI have enough time to do the work.I have time enough to do the work.我有足够的时间做这项工作。I have had.Thank you.我吃得已经够多的了
37、，谢谢。enough巧学助记歌诀巧记enough的用法enough词性有三个，用作代词好掌握；形容定语修饰名，名词前后由你定；副词状语表程度，定在形、副后边行；若是用于形、副前，enough位置准错用。(2)不定式短语to make a trip.在句中作后置定语，修饰chance。被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。此类名词常见的有：ability，chance，effort，right，attempt，way，reason，opportunity，time等。He lost the chance to go to college.他失去了上大学的机会
38、。I have no reason to believe that she is lying to me.我没有理由相信她在向我撒谎。(3)其他常用不定式作后置定语的情况：1)表示将来的动作时，常用不定式作后置定语。2)修饰序数词，最高级，the last，the only等或被这些词所修饰的名词时，用不定式作后置定语。The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。He is the best man to do the job.他是做这个工作的最好的人选。Li Ming was.李明是第一个到的。the first to arrive
39、2教材原文When we get closer to the moon，we shall feel itsgravity pulling us，but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths.当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。句中as strong a pull as the earths 是as.as.结构的一种变形。as.as.意为“像一样”，其中第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词。在否定句中，第一个as可改为so。归纳拓展(1)as.as.结构有如下具体形式：as adj./adv.as
40、adj.a/an可数名词单数as much 不可数名词as many可数名词复数as(2)how，so，too也和as一样用于上述的结构：howadj.a(n)可数名词单数whata(n)adj.可数名词单数tooadj.a(n)可数名词单数He is as clever as his brother.他和他的哥哥一样聪明。He is as clever a boy as his brother.他和他的哥哥一样是个聪明的孩子。I gotmuch informationhe did.我和他得到的信息一样多。asas3教材原文But when I tried to step forward,I
41、found I wascarried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。twice as far as.是倍数表达的一种具体形式。常见的倍数表达形式有：(1)倍数as形容词/副词as。This hospital is four times as big as that one.这所医院是那所医院的四倍大。(2)倍数形容词/副词的比较级than。This river is almost twice longer than that one.这条河差不多比那条河长两
42、倍。The dictionary is exactlythat one.这本字典比那本恰好贵五倍。five times more expensive than(3)倍数the size/height/length/width/depthof。This classroom is twice the size of that one.这个教室是那个教室的两倍大。(4)倍数thatof。The size of the newlybroadened square is four times that of theprevious one.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。(5)倍数what从句。The
43、production now isit was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。three times what 点津(1)两倍用twice或double，不到一倍用分数表示，三倍和三倍以上一般用times来表示，如three times，four times。(2)在实际运用中，有时会根据语境使用省略句式，如“倍数as形容词/副词as”中后一个as及其后面的成分可以承前省略，应注意分辨。My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours,but its twice as expensive(as
44、ours)我叔叔在市中心的房子比我们的小很多，但比我们的贵一倍。.完成句子1_(既然你得到了一份更好的工作),why not quit the present one?2Im thinking of the test tomorrow.Im afraid I cant pass thistime._(振作起来)！Im sure youll make it.Now that youve got a better jobCheer up3He said _(法语是最美的语言)in the world，and that we must never forget it.4What does the m
45、odel plane look like?The wings of the plane are _(两倍多长)of its body.5Sincethehousepriceinthecitymaybe_(高到我们难以想象)，I suggest thatwe rent an apartment to live in first.French was the most beautiful languagemore than twice the lengthas high as we cant imagine.翻译句子1因为她有许多空闲的时间，她正考虑找个兼职工作。_2让我们听一点音乐吧。这会让我们
46、打起精神来。_Now that she has much free time,she is considering findinga parttime job.Lets have a bit of music.Itll cheer us up.3下次千万要小心。_4屋子不够大，容不下开会的人们。_Do be careful next time.The room isnt big enough to hold the people who attend the meeting.单句语法填空1The house _(build)next month belongs to me.2The river is three times the width _ that one.3I wish the disabled lived as rich and colorful _ life as we do.4_ makes me angry is _ he was late again.5He was not old _ to join the army.to be builtof a What that enough课后 限时训练