1、阅读提速练(三)(限时40分钟)对应学生用书(单独成册)第160页.阅读理解A(2020合肥教学质量检测)The following four famous paintingsfrom Jan van Eycks portrait to Pablo Picassos masterpiecehave stood the test of time.The Arnolfini PortraitJan van Eycks Arnolfini Portrait，an oil painting on wood produced in 1434，in which a man and a woman hold
2、 hands with a window behind him and a bed behind her，is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces in the National Gallery，London.This painting is not only visually interesting but also famed.It is also an informative document on fifteenthcentury society，through Jan van Eycks heavy use of symbolismwhile hu
3、sbands went out to engage in business，wives concerned themselves with domestic duties.The Starry NightVincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night，oil on canvas(油画布)，a moderately abstract landscape painting of a night sky over a small hillside village，during his 12month stay at the mental hospital in S
4、aintRemydeProvence，France between 1889 and 1890.When the Museum of Modern Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941，it was not well known，but it has since become one of Vincent van Goghs most famous works.The HarvestersThe Harvesters is an oil painting on wood comp
5、leted by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565.It depicts(描绘)the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of July and August.Nicolaes Jonghelinck，a merchant banker and art collector from Antwerp，once held this painting.The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York
6、 City since 1919.GuernicaGuernica，a large oil painting，was painted by the Cubist(立体派的)Spanish painter，Pablo Picasso in 1937.The title “Guernica” refers to the city that was bombed during the war.The painting depicts the horrors of war and as a result，has come to be an antiwar symbol and a reminder o
7、f the tragedies of war.Today，the painting is housed at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofa in Madrid.语篇解读本文介绍了四幅世界绘画名作的相关情况，包括其创作时间、画作内容等。1Which of the following paintings was produced earliest?AGuernica.BThe Harvesters.CThe Starry Night. DThe Arnolfini Portrait.解析：细节理解题。根据文章对四幅画的介绍可知，The A
8、rnolfini Portrait的创作时间是1434年，The Starry Night创作于1889至1890年间，The Harvesters创作于1565年，Guernica创作于1937年。对上述四幅画的创作时间进行对比可知，D项正确。答案：D2Who created the painting describing the harvest seasons?APieter Bruegel the Elder.BVincent van Gogh.CJan van Eyck.DPablo Picasso.解析：细节理解题。根据The Harvesters部分第二句“It depicts t
9、he harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of July and August.”可知，Pieter Bruegel the Elder的画作描述了丰收季节的情况。故选A。答案：A3What do we know about the painting The Starry Night?AIt was painted on wood in oils.BIt described the painters life in hospital.CIt wasnt widely recognized before 1941
10、.DIt was given away to the museum by a collector.解析：细节理解题。根据The Starry Night部分最后一句可知，1941年，当纽约现代艺术博物馆从一位私人收藏家手中买下这幅画时，它并不太有名，但后来却成为凡高最著名的作品之一。故选C。答案：C词汇积累：Para.1：masterpiece n杰作Para.2：famed adj.著名的informative adj.提供有用信息的domestic adj.家庭的，家务的concern oneself with/about sth.对感兴趣B(2020湖南名校高三联考)Uminur Kuc
11、hukova of Russia could have retired years ago.Yet the 61yearold teacher keeps working at a school in the Siberian village of Sibilyakovo.She continues to teach for one reason: the schools one and only student，a nineyearold boy.Kuchukova is to leave next year for health problems，which means the schoo
12、l will close.Sibilyakovo is like thousands of villages across Russia：Many people moved out of it after the closure of the local stateoperated collective farm.Sibilyakovo is mainly home to Tatars，a Turkic group that is one of many minorities in Russia.In the 1970s，the village had a population of 550
13、and a primary school with four classes.Each class had about 18 children.Today the villages population has shrunk to 39.Kuchukova has taught at the school for 42 years.She has bought a home in the town of Tara，about 50 kilometers away and plans to retire there with her husband at the end of the schoo
14、l year.By then，she hopes，her only student will be old enough to travel to a neighboring village for classes.But the nearest school is a 30minute boat ride across the Irtysh River followed by a 20minute ride on a school bus.Kuchukova does not think her student，Ravil，is ready yet for making such a tri
15、p every school day.“His parents dont want to leave Sibilyakovo yet and its scary to send a little boy like him over the Irtysh.There are such big waves，” she says.And even when she herself will finally retire and go to live in Tara，Kuchukova will not leave her past behind，saying，“My parents are buri
16、ed here；a part of me is here.”语篇解读俄罗斯的一个名字叫Sibilyakovo的小村庄，因为Kuchukova老师的退休，面临小学关闭的问题，Kuchukova老师对此感到依依不舍。4Why did so many people leave Sibilyakovo?ABecause there was no good school.BBecause it wasnt comfortable to live there.CBecause they wanted to make a living.DBecause they hated working on the l
17、ocal farm.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Many people moved out of it after the closure of the local stateoperated collective farm.”可知，当地国营集体农场关闭后，许多人搬走了，也就是说农场的关闭导致他们失业，他们只好到其他地方谋生，故选C。答案：C5How does Kuchukova feel when it comes to Ravil?AWorried. BHopeful.CProud. DGuilty.解析：观点态度题。根据第三段的“But the nearest school is a
18、 30minute boat ride across the Irtysh River followed by a 20minute ride on a school bus.”可知，Ravil去最近的学校需要乘30分钟的船和乘坐20分钟的校车，再根据第四段的“its scary to send a little boy like him over the Irtysh.There are such big waves”可推知，Kuchukova老师担心Ravil的安全问题。故选A。答案：A6Which of the following best describe Kuchukova as a
19、 teacher?AResponsible and caring.BCareful and positive.CPatient and determined.DSelfless and confident.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“She continues to teach for one reason: the schools one and only student”可知，这位老师是有责任心的(responsible)；第四段提到她担心9岁的Ravil一个人去上学的安全问题，说明她对学生很关心(caring)，故选A。答案：A7What does the last paragrap
20、h convey?AKuchukovas love for Tara.BKuchukovas plan for future.CKuchukovas memory of her parents.DKuchukovas bond with the village.解析：推理判断题。根据尾段的“Kuchukova will not leave her past behind”和“My parents are buried here；a part of me is here.”可知，Kuchukova不会忘记自己在这个小村庄过去的生活，而且她认为自己的一部分就在这里，由此可推知，她与这个小村庄之间有
21、很深的情感牵绊。故选D。答案：DC(2020河北高三名校联考)In many walks of life and in many situations，persuading people to do what you want them to do is the key to success.Researchers have looked into different aspects of persuasion and come up with some interesting results which are surely helpful to us.One advertising cop
22、ywriter came up with an approach to selling a product on a TV shopping channel via phone sales.Instead of being instructed “Operators are waiting，please call now”，viewers were told “If operators are busy，please call again”The results were extraordinary.The ad suggested operators werent sitting aroun
23、d hoping people would call.Instead there were so many people wanting the product that people might have to wait until they could get it.What role does choice have in persuading people to buy or get something？One study in a supermarket showed the effect of choice.A particular supermarket displayed ei
24、ther 6 or 24 different kinds of jam.The large display attracted more interest than the small one.But when the time came to purchase things，people who saw the large display were onetenth as likely to buy.If they do buy，they are less content with their selection，even though they have made a good choic
25、e. A wider range of choices require more time and effort and lead to unreasonably high expectations.Another aspect of persuasion concerns getting someone to change their mind.Its hard to prove to someone that a previous decision is wrong，and as people get older they get less and less willing to chan
26、ge their minds.People want things to be unwavering；they want their attitudes，statements，values and actions to follow a set pattern.The only way to persuade them to change is to acknowledge this by agreeing that the previous decision they made is a perfectly understandable one.This allows them to foc
27、us on your suggestion without feeling their previous decision is wrong.As a result，they may be persuaded to break out of their established pattern.语篇解读说服别人对取得成功至关重要，作者在文中介绍了在实际生活中说服别人的不同方式，以展示应该如何做说服工作。8What does the advertising copywriter want to indicate about the product?AIts in demand. BIts rare
28、.CIts for sale. DIts precious.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“The ad suggested operators werent sitting around hoping people would call.Instead there were so many people wanting the product that people might have to wait until they could get it.”可知，告知观众“如果接线员正忙，请再呼叫”，而不是“接线员正在等待，请现在呼叫”是一种说服策略。接线员正忙，说明订购的人多，暗示产品受到大家
29、的认可，很抢手，故选A。in demand“需求大”。答案：A9What does the study mentioned in Paragraph 3 show?AMore selections bring more actions.BIncreased choice decreases satisfaction.CMore and more people dont want to choose.DSome choices are more attractive than others.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“If they do buy，they are less content
30、with their selection，even though they have made a good choice.A wider range of choices require more time and effort and lead to unreasonably high expectations.”可知，选择的范围变大，会增加人们对自己的决定的不满，因为更多的选择需要投入更多的时间和更大的努力，人们也会产生过高的期望，由此可知本题选B。答案：B10What does the underlined word “unwavering” in the last paragraph
31、 mean?AReliable. BDemanding.CUnique. DConsistent.解析：词义猜测题。画线词前面谈到“随着年龄的增长，人们越来越不愿意改变自己的想法”，该词后面谈到“人们希望自己的态度、言论、价值观和行动都遵循既定的模式”。由此推知画线词所在句应表示人们希望事情(观点、决定等)始终如一，故画线词与consistent“一致的，始终如一的”意义相近。reliable“可靠的”；demanding“要求高的”；unique“独特的”。答案：D11What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo compare di
32、fferent forms of persuasion.BTo discuss various studies on persuasion.CTo teach how to get better at persuasion.DTo analyze how persuasion affects success.解析：写作目的题。根据第一段“In many walks of life and in many situations，persuading people to do what you want them to do is the key to success.some interesti
33、ng results which are surely helpful to us.”可知，说服影响着人们的成功，研究人员研究了说服的不同方面，得出了一些有趣的结果，这些结果会对我们有帮助。下文作者介绍了三个方面的说服案例和说服策略，其目的很明显：教人们如何更好地说服别人做某事。答案：C词汇积累：Para.1：walks of life行业She has friends from all walks of life.她在社会各界中都有朋友。Para.2：copywriter n广告文字撰写人D(2020开封高三模拟)“The fact that the smoke reached So Pau
34、lo and blackened an afternoon proves how unusual the fires that burn in the countryside of Brazil are，”Ricardo Mello，head of the World Wide Fund for Natures(WWF)Amazon program，said.The latest figures come at a time of international protest against the inaction of President Jair Bolsonaros administra
35、tion.In July，Brazils National Institute for Space Research(INPE)showed data to the public，which indicated that there had been a significant rise in deforestation(毁林)rates.Particularly，the figures showed that in July 2019，deforestation had increased nearly 300 percent in comparison to the same month
36、in 2018.Environmentalists are becoming increasingly concerned，accusing the government of encouraging deforestation and those who want to make use of the forest for commercial gain. During his time in power，Bolsonaro has moved to rob some power of government agencies that are responsible for protecti
37、ng the rainforest as well as regulations covering native lands and nature reserves.Bolsonaro sees these kinds of regulations as a drag on economic growth in the Amazon region.Fire in the Amazon is used as a technique to clear land for agriculture.“Farmers clear cut land to make way for agriculture，a
38、nd then wait for the dry season to set fire to clear the land so they can plant，” Mello said.“Its likely that all of these forest fires are deliberately set by humans.”Now it is the dry season in the Amazon，which means conditions in many parts of the rainforest are suitable for the fires to spread o
39、ver large areas.“It is very unlikely that those fires break out naturally，” Mello said.“It is important to remember that 2019 is not a strong El Nio year.When we have strong El Nios，weather gets drier in the northern part of Brazil and this favors fires.This is not the case of 2019.”语篇解读文章介绍了巴西热带雨林火
40、灾的原因。12Why are deforestation figures of 2018 and 2019 compared?ATo share knowledge of the Amazon forest.BTo show how the Brazil president governs.CTo stress the seriousness of deforestation.DTo express the anger of environmentalists.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In July，Brazils National Institute for Space Resea
41、rch(INPE)showed data to the public，which indicated that there had been a significant rise in deforestation rates.Particularly，the figures showed that in July 2019，deforestation had increased nearly 300 percent in comparison to the same month in 2018.”可以推断，对比数据的目的是强调森林被破坏的严重性。答案：C13What does Presiden
42、t Bolsonaro do for deforestation?AWeaken relevant government agencies.BEncourage the fight for commercial gain.CUse techniques to clear land for agriculture.DDefend regulations about nature reserves.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“During his time in power，Bolsonaro has moved to rob some power of government agencie
43、s that are responsible for protecting the rainforest as well as regulations covering native lands and nature reserves.”可知，在Bolsonaro执政期间，他削减了负责保护热带雨林以及国有土地和自然保护区相关法规的政府机构的权力。故选A项。答案：A14What are the weather conditions of the Amazon when the fires break out?ATheyre fit for fires to break out naturally
44、.BThe Amazon experiences the dry season.CTheyre possible for fires to spread everywhere.DThe Amazon is just in a strong El Nio year.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Now it is the dry season in the Amazon，which means conditions in many parts of the rainforest are suitable for the fires to spread over large areas.”可
45、知，B项“亚马孙地区处于干季”正确。答案：B15What is the best title for the text?AJair Bolsonaros Administration Was AccusedBFarmers Cleared Amazon Land for AgricultureCUnusual Rainforest Fires: Effects on Health and WeatherDAmazon Fires: Possibly Linked to Environmental Policies解析：标题归纳题。文章从第二段开始，主要在讲巴西亚马孙热带雨林火灾的原因，矛头直指
46、巴西总统及政府推动的毁林政策，故亚马孙地区发生火灾可能与环境政策有关，故D项作本文标题最佳。答案：D熟词生义：Para.3：drag常用义：v.拖，拉，拽文章义：n.阻碍，绊脚石He came to be seen as a drag on his own partys prospects.他逐渐被看成是阻碍自己的党走向未来的绊脚石。难句分析：During his time in power，Bolsonaro has moved to rob some power of government agencies that are responsible for protecting the r
47、ainforest as well as regulations covering native lands and nature reserves.(Para.3)分析：本句是主从复合句。that are responsible for protecting the rainforest是定语从句，修饰先行词government agencies；as well as连接两个并列的成分，其中regulations后跟现在分词短语covering native lands and nature reserves作定语。译文：在他执政期间，Bolsonaro削减了负责保护热带雨林以及国有土地和自
48、然保护区相关法规的政府机构的权力。.阅读七选五We all know by now that exercise is great for you.But lets be honest，sometimes finding that motivation to work out can be a little difficult.Here I am going to share my top reasons for working out.Exercise can completely change your feeling.When you work out，your body produces
49、 endorphins，which will give you a rush of happiness._1_Next time youre having a bad day，try going for a fastpaced run or taking a spinning class，and the day wont seem so bad after all.Exercise helps you become sociable.Whenever I move to a new city to study or work，I look for exercise classes，where
50、you can always meet likeminded people._2_And you all share a collective feeling of happiness when the hard class finishes!_3_We all know the physical effects of exercise on our bodies but we dont always talk about the mental effect.Exercise might give you belief in yourself from being comfortable wi
51、th your body and appearance.This new feeling might even help in your work or social life.Exercise makes you feel strong and fit._4_Its a great feeling doing something you couldnt do before and knowing its a result of your hard work.So，next time youre feeling down，put your trainers on and get sweatin
52、g.It might not be easy in the beginning for most people._5_AExercise makes you feel confident.BExercise helps you reduce stress and anxiety.CYou can support each other during a difficult workout.DYou will feel better after a workout than you did before it.EYou can get to know each other well and mak
53、e close friends.FBut I promise you will feel much better once youve finished!GRunning 30 minutes every day helps you keep healthy and makes you feel a sense of achievement.语篇解读众所周知，锻炼对人有益，然而还是有很多人没有动力坚持这件事，本文讲述锻炼身体在多个方面的益处以激励人们去运动。1解析：本段的主题是“锻炼能完全改变你的心情”，因此这段话的内容与心情有关，依据上一句可知，在锻炼时身体会产生内啡肽(endorphins
54、)，从而能使人感到心情愉悦。所以D项“锻炼之后与之前相比心情更好”符合语境。答案：D2解析：本段的主题是“锻炼有助于社交”，依据上下文中的“where you can always meet likeminded people”“you all share a collective feeling of happiness when the hard class finishes”可知，在艰辛的运动课上总是能遇到趣味相投的人，C项“在艰苦的健身活动中互相支持”符合语境。该题的干扰项是E项，参加课程的目的是健身、锻炼，因此主要目的不是交朋友。答案：C3解析：依据下文内容尤其是“Exercise
55、might give you belief in yourself from being comfortable”可知，本段内容主要是锻炼能使人更自信。答案：A4解析：依据本段首句可知，锻炼使你感到强壮、健康，G项中的“helps you keep healthy”与之对应；又依据下文的“Its a great feeling doing something you couldnt do before”可知，做到了从前没有做到的事是一种很棒的感觉，而G项中的“makes you feel a sense of achievement”与之相符。答案：G5解析：空前提到“对大多数人来说，一开始(锻炼)可能不会很容易”，本空作为全文的结尾句，必然要再次对锻炼的好处或结果等进行陈述，而且跟空前内容还要形成转折关系，综合分析可知F项符合语境。答案：F