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2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密学案:03代词 WORD版含解析.doc

1、解密03 代词序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1. 真题对点析1. 对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】高考对代词的考查,主要集中在it和人称代词的用法,主要在语法填空和短文改错中考查。近五年代词的考查点集中在不定代词上,考查角度有两个:一是考查它们相互间的意义和功能差别,如: all, everything 和anything 等的意义差别,it, that 和one 不同的指代功能;二是它们之间语法牲的差异,如it (代词) 和which (关系代词) 的区别。 试题注重情景干扰,注重了特定语言

2、环境中上下文的联系,而且题干的语义结构越来越复杂,正确分析其结构、理解句意在解题中起着很重要的作用。 高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主线前进; 加强语境的真实性和复杂性。 加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。【备考建议】英语中代词的相关知识庞杂,代词在语言使用中又极力频繁,所以,代词的用法看似简单,其实不易。建议考生认真对待代词,不可掉以轻心。 首先要从整体上把握代词的知识,如代词种类的划分,了解各类代词的一般用法。更重要的是,根据上面所介绍的高考考查热点,更重点掌握几组易混词,尤其是不定代词间的用法区别。解题规律如下:1. 明确指代在解答代词题目时,我们应首先分析前后文,明确代词所

3、指代的对象,从而避免误判。具体说来应从以下几方面考虑: (1)代词指代的对象是人还是物,与上文出现的人或物是同一个还是同一类; (2)代词指代的对象是可数名词还是不可数名词; (3)代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念。 2.理清逻辑需要通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能做出正确判断。具体说来应从以下方面去考虑: (1)代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上; (2) 代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。Part 2对点解密【考点精准说】1-人称、物主、反身、指示和疑问代词(一)1. 人称代词指代的数量前后要一致。The students must be made to understand h

4、ow important each subject is to them.2. 句中没有谓语动词,人称代词要用宾格。The town is so beautiful!I just love it. Me too.3. 在than, as后用主格、宾格都可以。Im taller than she/her. Im as tall as she/her. 4. 在作表语时,用宾格较多。Who is knocking at the door? Its me.(二)物主代词1. 名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词。Look at the two pencils. The red one is your

5、pencil, the blue one is mine. (minemy pencil)2. 形容词性物主代词不与a/an, any, this, that, these, some, several, no, each, another等词连用。3. 当形容词性物主代词与all和both连用时,必须放在all和both之后。Anyway, I cant cheat himits against all my principles.(三)反身代词1. 作宾语时,常用在介词for, of, in, between, among或动词后。You shouldnt leave the child

6、at home by himself.One should not live only for oneself.含有反身代词的习惯用语有:seat oneself;behave oneself;enjoy oneself;come to oneself;devote oneself to;adapt oneself to; accustom oneself to。2. 作表语、同位语用于be, feel, seem, look等后,作表语,表示身体处于正常状态;作同位语时,主要用于加强名词的语气, 可紧跟在名词后面或位于句尾。Im not myself today. The thing its

7、elf is not important.(四)指示代词this, that, these, those, such, so1. this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物;this还可以指下文将要谈到的人或物。2. that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物;that还可以指上文提到过的人或物。3. such指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数。4. so代替一个句子或短语所表达的内容,意为“如此,这样”。在believe, think, expect, suppose, imagine, guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点。T

8、his apple pie is too sweet, dont you think so?Such is the power of the TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.one, ones, that, those与it作替代词时的区别1. one替代上文单数可数名词,表泛指,同类不同一,相当于“a/an单数名词”。The train was crowded so we decided to catch a later one.2. ones替代上文出现的名词复数,表泛指,同类不同一。3. that替代上文出现的单数可数名词或不可数

9、名词,表特指,同类不同一,相当于“the单数可数名词/不可数名词”。一般不和冠词连用,其后总有修饰语。His own experience was different from that of his friends. 4. those是that的复数形式。替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时),表特指,同类不同一。The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.5. it替代上文提到的“同一”事物。I love the springit is a wonderful time of the year

10、. (五)疑问代词1. whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever分别是what, which, who, whom的强调形式,表示说话人的惊讶、愤慨、困惑等感情色彩。Whatever can you mean? Whoever thought up that joke?3. 四个特殊短语What for.?为何?What if.?要是会怎么样?What/How about.?怎么样?(表示征求意见,常接动名词),So what?那又怎样?【真题对点析】11.(2018新课标卷II短文改错)As kid, I loved to watch cartoons,

11、but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.【答案】us改为me【解析】句意:他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词,是对“我”说,前面提到的I,而不是we。故把us改为me。2. (2018新课标卷III语法填空)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _

12、68_(they) alive.【答案】them【解析】此处做find 的宾语,所以用宾格them。3. 1. (2016四川) The mother continued to care for the young panda (for) more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed 48 (it) mother for food.【答案】its 【解析】句意:小熊猫不再需要妈妈的食物。修饰名词要用形容词性物主代词,故填its。4. (2016全国卷乙卷) On my recent visit, I held a l

13、ively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother.【答案】its【解析】考查代词。由语境及后面的名词mother可知,此空应该填it的形容词性物主代词its。5. (2016全国卷乙卷) Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steadily. 【答案】ourhis【解析】由语境及主语he可知,此处指的是他的公司,故将our改为his才合乎语境。6.(2018新课标卷III短文改错)Some of us were confident and eager take

14、 part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done homework but I was shy.【答案】myself改为my/the【解析】句意:我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself,或改为定冠词the也可以。7. (2016全国卷卷) At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions bu yourself. 【答案】yourselfmyself【解析】由【对点模拟练】11. Those who sm

15、oke heavily should remind _of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people.A. theirs B. them C. themselves D. oneself【答案】C【解析】句意:那些烟瘾很大的人应该提醒自己注意健康,难闻的气味以及他人的感受。remind oneself of sth.提醒自己当心某事。句子主语是those,故选择C项。【考点精准说】2-不定代词(一)none, nobody/no one, nothing1. none既可指人也可指物,多与表示范围的介词of连用;与数量有关,可

16、回答how many或how much类的问句,表示“一个也没有”。My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that shop. 2. nobody/no one不能与of连用,只能指人,表示“什么人也没有”,可回答who引导的疑问句。Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it. 3. nothing表示“什么也没有”,用来否定一切,可回答what引导的疑问句。(二)another, other, the o

17、ther, others, the others1. another指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,用作代词或形容词。Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is another. 2. other不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义。3. the other指“两者中的另一个”,常与one连用,构成one.the other.表示“一个另一个”;作定语修饰复数名词时,表示“全部其余的”。I have two books; one is English, and the other is French.4. other

18、s单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others。In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks. (三)either, both, neither, all, none, anyeither肯定意义 表示“两者中的一个”,作主语时,谓语动词常用单数both 肯定意义表示“两者都”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数neither否定意义 表示“两者都不”,作主语时,谓语动词常用单数all肯定意义 作主语时,谓语动词的

19、人称和数应与all所指代的人或事物保持一致none 否定意义 作主语后接复数名词时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数;后接不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数any肯定意义 作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可,常与of连用Shed lived in London and Manchester, but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge. All horses are animals, but not all animals are ho

20、rses.注意:1. both, all与not连用表示部分否定;表示全部否定应用neither, none。2. 区分 the other和the rest of:the other只能修饰可数单数名词或复数名词;the rest of既可以修饰复数名词,又可修饰不可数名词。(四)复合不定代词的特殊用法1. anything but 根本不;nothing but仅仅,只不过;something like大约,类似;anything like完全像,全然。They can get something like 3,000 a year.2. somebody有时有“重要人物”之意,nobod

21、y则指“小人物,无名之辈”。She rose from being nobody to become a superstar. She thinks shes really somebody in that car.3. something of a/an颇有几分,堪称。He is something of a book collector.4. anywhere between大约I think Mrs Stark could be anywhere between 50 and 60 years of age.【真题对点析】21. (2016浙江)In many ways, the edu

22、cation system in the US is not very different from _ in the UK.A. that B. this C. one D. it【答案】A【解析】句意:在很多方面,美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系不太相同。指代上文的名词education system,是同类不同物,用that,而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。this表示近指,one泛指可数名词单数,it特指上文提到的名词。故选A。2.(2018新课标卷I短文改错) The first time I went there, they were living in a small house w

23、ith dogs, ducks, and another animals.【答案】another改为other【解析】他们住在一个小房子里,院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知,将another改成other。3.(2017全国卷)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67every day.【答案】it【解析】根据上文“the railway quickly”可知,此处用it代替the railw

24、ay。4.(2017全国卷短文改错)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. 【答案】all both或者all去掉【解析】因为主语是两个人,所以用both表示两者都,而all则表示三者或三者以上的全部。此处将all去掉也可以。【对点模拟练】21. Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog. I happened to witness _ this morning. A. itB. those C. one D. that 【答案】C【解析】句意:通常在大雾天会有很多事故。今

25、天早上我碰巧目击了一起事故。根据语境可知,此处指上句提到的一起交通事故,故用one代替。即C项正确。 2. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy _. A. one B. it C. this D. that【答案】B【解析】it=the house with a beautiful garden in front。句意:我很喜欢屋前有一个美丽花园的这栋房子,但是我没有足够的钱去把它买下来。3. The meeting will be held in Sep

26、tember, but _ knows the date for sure.A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody【答案】B【解析】句意:会议将在九月份举行,但是没有人知道确切日期。根据两句话之间的并列连词but可知,前后语意是转折关系,虽然都知道是在九月份,但是没有人知道具体的日期。4. Niki is always full of ideas, but _ is useful to my knowledge. A. nothingB. no one C. neither D. none【答案】D【解析】句意:Niki总是有各种想法,但没有

27、一个对我的认知有帮助。nothing泛指什么东西都没有;no one泛指没有人;neither指的是两者都不;none则特指没有特定的人或物,范围是三者或三者以上。语境中full of ideas指的是三者或三者以上,因此none符合题意,故选D。5. When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon? _. Ill be in all day.【答案】Either【解析】句意:“我该什么时间给你打电话,早上还是下午?”“都可以,我一整天都在家。”上句提到了两个时间,故可用both, either, neither。在根据“一整天都在家”可知,两个时

28、间中的那个时间来都可以。【考点精准说】3-it用法(一)it作人称代词1. it 作人称代词可以指事物或人。it 指人时,主要用于指性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。Is it a boy or a girl? There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 注意:在答语中,常用来指本人,如:Its me。2. it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等。Whats this? Its a new machine.(二)it作非人称代词1. 指时间、距

29、离、天气、日期、温度等。It rained all day yesterday. Its early spring, but it is already hot.2. 用于一些固定句型中。Its time for sb. to do sth. 某人该做某事了。Its (about/high) timethat. 该是时候了(从句谓语用过去式或“should动词原形”)Its first/second. timethat. 某人第几次做某事(从句谓语用现在完成时)Its时间段since. 自从有一段时间了Its时间段before. 过多长的时间才3. it作形式主语或形式宾语,代替不定式、动名词

30、、主语从句或宾语从句。It is no use crying spilt milk. We think it necessary to combine theory with practice.常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式有:It is a pity/a shame/no wonder that. 真可惜/丢人/难怪It seems/appears/happens that. 似乎/看来/碰巧It looks/seems as if/though. 看起来好像It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that. 某人突然想起It is said/reported/bel

31、ieved/suggested that. 据说/据报道/人们认为/人们建议It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间It is no use/good doing sth. 做某事没有用/好处make it clear that. 清楚表明.主语表示情感倾向的动词(enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate, rely on, see to等)itthat/if/when.4. 用于强调句型“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他部分”。It was David who/t

32、hat bought a cellphone from a store nearby yesterday.It was from a store nearby that David bought a cellphone yesterday.注意:如果把句子的It is/was和that/who去掉,剩余部分仍然是一个完整的句子,则可判断该句为强调句。【真题对点析】31.(2018浙江卷语法填空)Many westerners 57 (who/that) come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they real

33、ize how cheap 58 can be to eat out.【答案】it【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句,正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语,用it 是形式主语。故填it。2.(2017天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.A. who B. where C. which D. that【答案】D【解析】句意:当我回到我的公寓的时候,我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头,

34、后面连词首选that,构成强调句型,但需要验证,本句中去掉It was 和that,句意完整,所以确定是强调句型。故选D。3. (2016天津卷)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists. A. whoB. whichC. whereD. that【答案】D【解析】句意:你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句,结构是:It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分,如果强调部分是人,也可以用who,这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故

35、选D。4. (2015浙江)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? A. them B. one C. those D. it【答案】D【解析】句意:当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时,突然有个人进来,一声不吭地关掉电视,你会怎么想?It作形式宾语,指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句,一个条件状语从句(if)和两个并列句(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句y

36、ou would like_.分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语,需要一个宾格代词充当,所以答案选it。5.(2015天津)The quality of education in this small school is better than _ in some larger schools.A. thatB. oneC. itD. this【答案】A【解析】句意:这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education,故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。【对点模拟练】31. “Made in China

37、2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory into a product-making power, _ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity.A. the one that B. one thatC. one D. the one【答案】C【解析】考查代词的用法。one表示泛指,相当于“a(an)+名词”,代替的是同类事物中的“一个”;that表示特指,相当于“the+名词”;代词one= a/ an +n处one=a product-m

38、aking power;而_driven by innovation and emphasizes quality over quantity中driven by 只是一个非谓语短语(be driven by 被驱使)作定语,因此不需要连词引导。所以排除A、 B。one表示泛指,相当于“the+名词”可以排除D。句意:“2025中国制造”的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国,一个以创新为导向、强调质量而不是数量的大国。故选C。2Young people should be independent, and dont take _ for granted that you can

39、 depend on your parents when in trouble. A.oneB.itC.thisD.that【答案】B【解析】考查代词。句意为:年轻人应该独立,不能把遇到困难就依靠父母当作理所当然的事情。take it for granted that.是固定句型,表示“认为理所当然”。 3He didnt make _ clear when and where the sports meet would be held. A.thisB.itC.thatD.one【答案】B【解析】考查it的用法。句意:他没有弄清楚运动会将于何时何地举行。A.this代指下文的情况;B.it形

40、式主语或形式宾语,代指句中真正主语或宾语;C.that代指上文的情况;D.one代指上文的可数名词单数。句中it为形式宾语,clear是宾补,真正宾语是when and where the sports meet would be held,故选B。Part 3强化集训【真题模测】一单句语法填空/改错1.【2020全国新课标I】Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans f

41、or a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.2.【2020全国新课标I改错】Not that way, my mom tried to stop us but failed. 3.【2020全国新课标2改错】Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.4.【2020全国新课标3改错】But he insists on us eating healthy food. 5.(2019新课标卷III短文改错)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in

42、the historical environment is created for them.6.(2018新课标卷III短文改错)Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework but I was shy.7.(2017新课标卷短文改错)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. 8.【2020全国新课标I】Data about the moo

43、ns composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.9.(2018浙江卷语法填空)Many westerners 57 (who/that) come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be

44、to eat out.10.(2017新课标卷)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67every day.【答案】1. 70its考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。2.us改为me。考查代词。句意:“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我,但是失败了。根据上文可知,是作者一个人做菜,此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”,应使用第一人称单数的宾格,故将us改为

45、me。2. yoursyour / you考查代词。句意:祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子,best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故将your改为you。/句中的yours为名词性物主代词,不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。4.考查代词。句意:但是她坚持让我们吃健康的食物。文中指“我的妈妈”,是女性,所以he改成she。5.yourselves改为 themselves【解析】考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语,故把 yourselves改为 themselves。6.myself改为my/the【解析】句意:我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我

46、的”用my不用myself,或改为定冠词the也可以。7.因为主语是两个人,所以用both表示两者都,而all则表示三者或三者以上的全部。此处将all去掉也可以。8.考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。9.it考查it用法。句子为感叹句,正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语,用it 是形式主语。故填it。10.it根据上文“the railway quickly”可知,此处用it代替the railway。 二单项选择1(2020江苏高考真题)This actor

47、 often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for _.AwhicheverBwheneverCwhereverDwhatever2(2019天津高考真题)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _who are not.AonesBthoseCtheseDthem3(2018天津高考真题)Professional skills are tools like a

48、 knife or a hammer. You need _ to complete the things you want to do.AitBthatCthemDones4(2015重庆高考真题)The meeting will be held in September, but _ knows the date for sure.AeverybodyBnobodyCanybodyDsomebody5(2014山东高考真题)(2014山东)Susan made_ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.Athat

49、BthisCitDher6(2014四川高考真题)Shed lived in London and Manchester, but she liked _ and moved to Cambridge.AbothBneitherCnoneDeither7(2014浙江高考真题)An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making _ the driest year since Californiabecame a state in 1850.AeachBitCthisDone8(2013天津高考真题)At our factory t

50、here are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.AthemBtheseCthoseDOnes9(2013上海高考真题)Those who smoke heavily should remind _of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people.AtheirsBthemCthemselvesDoneself10(2013四川高考真题)The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal t

51、han_ on the small ones.Aone Bthis Cthat Dit11(2014江苏高考真题)Good families are much to all their members, but _ to none.AsomethingBanythingCeverythingDnothing12(2015陕西高考真题)(2015陕西)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .AanotherBthe otherCotherDeither13(2015福建

52、高考真题)(2015福建)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _ contained any useful suggestions.AallBnoneCeitherDneither14(2014广西高考真题)Whos that at the door? is the milkman.AHeBItCThisDThat15(2012江西高考真题)My brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop.Anot

53、hingBnoneCno oneDneither16(2012陕西高考真题)No matter where he is, he makes _ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.AhimBthisCthatDit17(2016浙江高考真题)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _ in the UK.AthatBthisConeDit18(2015浙江高考真题)How would you like _ if you were watching

54、 your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?AthemBoneCthoseDit19(2012四川高考真题)This is not my story, nor _ the whole story. My story plays out differently.Ais thereBthere isCis itDit is20(2015四川高考真题)Niki is always full of ideas, but is useful to my k

55、nowledge.AnothingBno oneCneitherDnone【答案】1D【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧,然后全力以赴。A. whichever无论哪个;B. whenever无论何时;C. wherever无论何地;D. whatever无论什么。分析句子成分可知,此处做goes for的宾语,指代“任何事情”,whatever符合语境。故选D。2B【解析】考查代词。句意:一项研究表明,参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系,可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”

56、指代的是前边提到的复数名词,不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。3C【解析】考查代词。句意:专业技能是像刀或锤子这样的工具。你需要它们来完成你想做的事情。分析句子可知,them代指前文的tools。故选C项。4B【解析】考查不定代词。句意:会议将在九月举行,但没有人知道确切的日期。everybody每个人;人人;nobody没有人;anybody任何人;somebody某人。根据but表达转折可知没有人知道,故选B项。5C【解析】考查代词it。句意:Susan向我表明她希望能过上新的生活。这是一个宾语从句,make的宾语是that引导的句子,

57、在本句中用it做形式宾语代指that引导的宾语从句。故选C。6B【解析】试题分析:考查不定代词。A;两者都;B两者都不;C三者或以上都不;D两个中的任意一个。句意:她在伦敦和曼彻斯特住过,但是这两个城市她都不喜欢,所以就搬到了剑桥。根据句中出现的两个地点London和Manchester可知此处指两者,排除C选项;而根据but后的内容可知她两个城市都不喜欢,故答案选B。考点:考查不定代词7B【解析】考查代词。句意:去年平均降雨量18.75cm,是加利福尼亚在1850年成为一个州以来,去年是最干的一年。each用作代词时,在句中可作主语、宾语和同位语。each强调的是“个体”;it可指自然现象、

58、季节、时间、距离、环境等。this 用作代词可用以指叙述中的人或事物,即指前面提到过的人或事物或下文提及的事物; this一般作主语时才指人; 在电话用语中, this用来指代自己。One代替前面出现的可数名词的单数,是同类事物。这里用it代替时间last year,其他的选项代词不能代替时间。故选B。【点睛】本题的关键是弄清楚指代的东西是什么。it代替时间last year,别的选项都不能代替时间的概念,所以it是最佳选项,it可指自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。牢记理论用法才能从容应对各种换汤不换药的题目。8C【解析】试题分析:考查代词。句中比较的是machines,是复数名词,可用t

59、hose或ones代替。再根据空格后的过去分词短语作后置定语修饰这一代词,知表示的是特指,故用those。ones表示的是泛指。句意:在我们厂里,有一些机器类似于杂志里描述的那些机器。【名师点睛】代词辨析实际上是一类比较难的试题,很多同学往往混淆其中难以理清。those用作替代词主要作于替代复数名词,表特指。替代词those与代词them用法也不同,them主要指前面提到的“同一”事物,而those是指前面提到的“同类”事物。9C【解析】考查代词。句意:那些烟瘾重的人们应当提醒他们自己吸烟对健康的影响、难闻的气味和别人的感受。theirs意为“他们的”;them意为“他们”,they的宾格形式

60、;themselves意为“他们自己”;oneself意为“自己,某人自己”。该句中谓语动词是remind,用法为remind sb of sth,提醒某人某事;或者remind sb to do sth 提醒某人干某事。根据句意以及主语those,可知是”提醒他们自己”。故选C。10C【解析】试题分析:考查代词的区别。that代替The traffic,其后有定语限制,常用that,不用one。句意:主街道上的绿色交通信号灯保持的时间比小街道长。【名师点睛】that用作替代词主要用于替代“the+单数名词(可数或不可数)”,表特指。one用作替代词主要用于替代“the+单数名词”,表泛指。替

61、代词that与代词it的用法不同,it主要指前面提到的“同一”事物,而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。11C【解析】试题分析:考查代词用法。A. something某事物;B. anything任何事物;C. everything一切;D. nothing没有什么。句意:优秀的家庭对她的成员们来说意味着许多,但并不是一切。故C正确。考点:考查代词用法12B【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:为了提醒自己,这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。A.another另一个(指三者或者三者以上的另一个);B.the other另一个(指两者之中的另一个);C.other其他的;(指两个人或事物中的

62、第二个)那个;D.either(两者之中)任何一个。因为人有两只脚,一只是one,另外一只是the other,综上所述,故选B。13D【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:那个研究团队基于那个调查得出了两个报告,但是两个报告里面都没有包含任何有用的建议。A.all全部(指三者或者三者以上);B.none没有一个(指三者或者三者以上);C.either两个中任何一个;D.两者都不。句中提到两个报告,故A、B项错误;由but可推断,得出的两个报告都没有任何有用的建议,表示否定,故C项错误。故选D14B【解析】考查代词it。句意:谁在门外?是送牛奶的。因为不知道门外的是什么人。故用it指代不清楚的人。故

63、选B。【点睛】it 的用法it 词小本事大, 人称代词包括它; 不明身份和性别,模糊指代就用它;距离日期和时间,天气环境全靠它;形宾形主惯用法,强调句型它当家。1)指代姓别不明的人Look at the baby. Isnt it lovely?2)指天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境等。Its twenty miles to the zoo.3)作形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动名词、名词性从句。Its of great help to learn English well.I find it quite necessary to make some changes.4)特殊的形式宾语it。e

64、njoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后接if 从句或when 从句,通常应先在动词后接it 作形式宾语。如:I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.5)用于强调句中:It iswasthatwho。Its from the sun that we get light and heat.15B【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:我哥哥想买一块好表,但那家商店没有一块合适的。A.nothing没有东西;B.none一个也没有;C.no one没有人;D.

65、neither两者都不。由前文的“to buy a good watch”可知,想买一块好手表,结果一块也没买到,强调数量时应该用“none”。故选B。16D【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意:不管他在哪儿,早餐前都要去散步,这是他的惯例。句中it用作形式宾语,不定式短语“to go for a walk before breakfast”是真正的宾语,故选D项。17A【解析】考查代词。句意:在很多方面,美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系不太相同。指代上文的名词education system,用that,而且后面有介词短语作后置定语,this表示近指,one泛指可数名词单数,it特指上文提到的名词

66、。故选A。【点睛】本题着重考查指示代词:用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。它们主要有:this这个;that那个;these这些;those那些;it 它。指示代词所指的对象取决于谈话双方的语境。指示代词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。that指代上文的可数或不可数名词,后面可有后置定语;those指代上文的可数名词复数,后面可有后置定语;one泛指上文的可数名词单数;it指同类同物。18D【解析】考查代词It。句意:当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时,突然有个人进来,一声不吭地关掉电视,你会怎么想?It作形式宾语,指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句,一个条件状语从句(if)和两个并列

67、句(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you would like_.分析句子结构可知,like之后缺少一个宾语,需要一个宾格代词充当,故选D。19C【解析】nor位于句首引起部分倒装,排除B、D;再根据句意“这并不是(关于)我的故事,它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局不同。”选代词it。故答案选C。20D【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:妮基总有很多点子,但据我所知没一个是有用的。nothing什么都没有、没有东西,故排除选项A;no one只可以指人,故排除选项B。neither两者都不,与语意不符。none可指人也可指物,相当于no+名词,此处指代上文提到的主意没有一个是有用的。故选D

68、。【新题模测】一单项选择1The quality of education in this local school is better than _ in some larger school in the city.AitBthisCthatDone2Id prefer _ if I didnt have to get up early on Sunday.AthatBsuchCitDwhich3_ is known to us all that ancient China had four major inventions, including the compass, the prin

69、ting technique, the explosive and the paper-making technology.AThereBAsCWhatDIt4Ideally we would want_to be good contact between the child and both parentsAitBthereConeDany5Is this secondary school _ we visited last month?Athe oneBin whichCwhatDthat6Our country is accelerating the construction of Xi

70、ongan New District,_will be a green, low-carbon, open, innovative and highly-competitive city.AoneBone thatCthatDwhat7I still remember the accident and the troubles _has caused to me.AwhichBwhatCitDwhen8“All hope was not lost” means _.AAll of the hope was lost.BNo hope was lost.CNone of the hope was

71、 lost.DSome hope was lost, some not.9Many writers are drawn to building a world, _ readers are somewhat familiar with but also feel distant from our normal lives.AitBoneCthatDthe one10Tim loves living on the ship. Theres always to do.Asomething excitedBexcited somethingCsomething excitingDexciting s

72、omething11Meat _ out in this shop. We can _ now.Ahave been sold, get nothingBhas been sold, get nothingChas been sold, get someDhave been sold, get some12 I hear youre going to the city. Yes. Anyway, life in the city is quite different from _ in the country.AoneBthoseCthatDwhat13You may depend _ he

73、wont be late, since he is always on time.Aon thatBon it thatCthatDit that14-There are some pens in his house but I can never find one.-Keep looking. _ is sure to appear.AOneBItCThatDThis15The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city.AthatBthisCitDone16My

74、 brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop.AnothingBnoneCno oneDneither17A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _who are not.AonesBthoseCtheseDthem18I have done most of the housework. Would you please finish _?Athe other

75、Bthe othersCthe restDanother19Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age.AitBthatCwhatDone20Is this the computer you last night?Yes, thats .Ahad it repaired; the oneBrepaired it; itChad repaired; the oneDhad repaired; it【答案】1C【详解】考查代词。句意:这所当地学校的教育质量比城里一些较大的学校的教育质量好。此处用代词that代指上文

76、的不可数名词the quality of education,代词it和one都代指可数名词单数,this指代下文。故选C项。2C【详解】考查it作形式宾语。句意:要是我星期天不必早起就好了。prefer 后接it作形式宾语,真正的宾语为if I didnt have to get up early on Sunday. 故选C。3D【详解】考查it作形式主语。句意:众所周知,中国古代有四大发明,包括指南针、印刷术、炸药和造纸技术。此处是句型It is known to all that,其中it作形式主语,指代后面的真正的主语从句that ancient China had four maj

77、or inventions, including the compass, the printing technique, the explosive and the paper-making technology. 故选D项。4A【详解】考查代词。句意:理想情况下,我们希望孩子和父母之间能有良好的接触。A. it它;B. there 在那里;C. one一个;D. any任何。本句中代词it是一个谦词,用在句中无实际意义,但是不可省略,属于一种特殊句型,其他的几个代词没有这种用法。故选A。5A【详解】考查定语从句和代词。句意:这所中学是我们上个月参观的那所中学吗?将这个疑问句还原为陈述句可知

78、,陈述句为:This secondary school is_ we visited last month.;根据陈述句可知,本句空后是一个定语从句,本句没有先行词,所以空处需用代词或名词作先行词,结合选项可知,空处需用the one作先行词,指物,在定语从句中作动词visit的宾语,关系代词that/which可省略,所以空处需填入the one。故选A。6B【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我国正在加速雄安新区的建设,一个环保、低碳、开放、创新和竞争力的城市。分析句子可知,此处先用one作为Xiongan New District的同位语,再用定语从句修饰one,关系词代替先行词one在从句中充

79、当主语,应用关系代词that,故选B项。7C【详解】考查代词。句意:我依然记住那个意外事故以及它已经给我带来的麻烦。分析句子可知,the troubles 后面是一个省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句,关系代词that/which在该定语从句中只充当动词caused的宾语,故从句需要代词it作为主语指代前文的the accident,故此处填it。故选C项。8D【详解】考查不定代词。句意:“没有失去所有的希望”意味着有些希望失去了,有些没有。句中All为不定代词,意为“所有,全部”,“allnot”表示部分否定,意为“不是所有”。由此可知,“All hope was not lost

80、”意为“没有失去所有的希望”,也就是“有些希望失去了,有些没有”。故选D项。9B【详解】考查代词辨析。A. it它,特指上文提到的同一个;B. one一个,泛指某一个;C. that那个,指示代词;D. the one那个,特指。句意:许多作家都热衷于建设一个读者有些熟悉,但又感到远离正常生活的世界。根据句意可知,设空处是指a world,作a world的同位语,表示泛指,用one指代。故选B。10C【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:Tim喜欢住在船上。船上总是有令人兴奋的事情要做。excited意为“兴奋的”,一般修饰人;而exciting意为“令人兴奋的”,一般修饰物。此处修饰不定代词“

81、something”,应用“exciting”,且形容词要后置。故选C项。11B【详解】考查主谓一致和不定代词。句意:这个商店里肉已经卖完了。现在我们什么都买不到了。结合语境可知,第一句为现在完成时,主语|meat“肉”是不可数名词,谓语动词应该用单数形式,且meat是“被卖完了”,故应用现在完成时的被动语态,所以第一个空为has been sold ;第一句既然提到“肉被卖完了”,所以第二个空应为“什么都买不到”,即get nothing。故选B。12C【详解】考查代词辨析。句意:我听说你要去城里。是的。不管怎样,城市生活和乡村生活是很不一样的。A. one可替代前面的可数名词单数,表示泛指

82、,用于同类指代;B. those指示代词,那些,替代前面的可数名词复数,其后有定语,相当于the ones;C. that特指上文提到过的不可数名词和可数名词单数,相当于the+名词,常有后置定语;D. what疑问代词,用于提问事物,表示“什么”。此处life在名句中表示“生活”为不可数名词,应用that代替,相当于the life in the city,表示特指。故选C。13B【详解】考查介词短语和it作形式宾语。句意:你可以相信他不会迟到的,因为他总是准时的。depend on依靠、依赖。此处it作形式宾语指代后面的that he wont be late.故选B。14A【详解】考查代

83、词。句意:“他的房子里有一些钢笔,但是我从来没有找到一支。”“继续找。肯定会出现一支(钢笔)的。” pen是可数名词;根据上一句“I can never find one”中的“one”可知,此处指“a pencil”,是可数名词单数,应用one代替。故选A。15A【详解】考查指示代词。句意:西安市中心的租房成本高于城市其他地区(的租房成本)。it指原来的那个事物,但是此句前后所指不一(西安市中心的房租费和城市其他地方的房租费),所以排除C;this一般代指以后将要提到的人物,可以排除B;one代指可数名词单数,而且是同类不同物的泛指,但是此次选项代指的是the cost,是不可数名词,所以不

84、能选D; that代替前面说的同类事物(即不是原来的那个事物),它既可指可数名词单数(=the one),也可指不可数名词或抽象名词,应用 that。故选A项。16B【详解】考查代词辨析。句意:我哥哥想买一块好表,但那家商店没有一块合适的。A.nothing没有东西;B.none一个也没有;C.no one没有人;D.neither两者都不。由前文的“to buy a good watch”可知,想买一块好手表,结果一块也没买到,强调数量时应该用“none”。故选B。17B【详解】考查代词。句意:一项研究表明,参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students

85、是对应关系,可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词,不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。18C【详解】考查代词。句意:我已经做完了大部分的家务。你们谁愿意完成剩下的?A.the other另一个;B.the others其他人;C.the rest剩余的;剩下的;D.another另一个。根据I have done most of the housework,可推断此处表示“剩下的家务”,the rest(剩下的)可以代替可数名词,也可以代替不可数名词。homework是不可是名词。故选C项。19D【

86、详解】考查代词。句意:-帮助别人是一种习惯,一个你在早年可以学习的习惯。这里需要一个代词指代a habit,用one可以泛指前面的可数名词单数,it特指同类同物,that特指可数名词的单数或不可数名词,what只能引导从句,故选D。20D【详解】考查时态、固定短语和代词it的用法。句意:这是你昨晚修的那台电脑吗?是的,它是。首先看第一个空,根据last night可知,修电脑的动作发生在过去,故应用一般过去时,句中涉及固定短语have sth. done,意为“使被”,句中指“have the computer repaired”,意为“使电脑被修理”,一般疑问句中,the computer提

87、前,一般过去时中have用过去式had,故第一个空填had repaired。再看第二个空,空格处为了避免重复,用代词代指上文提到的computer,the one与所代指名词为同类,但并不是同一个,不符合句意,it代指上文提到的事物,符合句意,故第二个空填it。故选D项。二单项填空1_ struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team. 2He buried _ (him) in his detective story again. 3

88、Frank has applied _ (he) to this task with considerable energy. 4He always repeats what he hears to help _ (he) to experience the feeling of the language. 5Id appreciate _if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.6It is _ (annoy) that I have to put up with his bad temper. 7Cha

89、rlie Chaplin wanted to be a director when he was young, and finally he made_.8Chance favors only the prepared mind. That is telling us to be prepared until the opportunity presents _.9Students in their final year of high school should give serious thought to which course to study, trying to choose _

90、 that suits them and their interests best. 10The classes in the UK are different from _ (that) in China. 11He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but nobody could put _ hands on any.12They dislike _ when people do not look at the cards, so remember not to just put them in your

91、pocket without looking. 13He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of _ published in the 1990s. 14I believe that we need a strict law to make_a crime to do human cloning. 15I make _clear that I wont give up the chance. 16_ is obvious that he has finished his work. 17As far as I am concerned, _is a

92、 challenge for her to learn maths well.18The big brains make _ harder for the body to move around. 19I would appreciate _ if you would agree to my request.20The two girls are so alike that strangers find_ difficult to tell one from the other.【答案】1It【详解】考查固定句型。句意:我突然意识到,对队里的所有女孩来说,和另一个队比赛是一个很好的学习机会。结

93、合句意表示“某人突然意识到”句型为it strikes/struck sb. that.,it作形式主语,that从句为真正主语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填It。2himself【详解】考查反身代词。句意:他又埋头读他的侦探小说了。由提示词him以及buried in可知,此处应填入反身代词himself,构成固定短语bury oneself in 表示“埋头于/专心致志于”。故填himself。3himself【详解】考查反身代词。句意:弗兰克以极大的精力致力于这项工作。固定短语apply oneself to sth.意为:致力于。句中主语和宾语是同一个人,宾语用反身代词。根据提示词he,

94、可知此处应该填入he的反身代词。故填himself。4himself【详解】考查反身代词。句意:他总是重复他所听到的内容,这让他对该语言有所体会。分析句子可知,短语help sb. to do sth.“帮助某人做某事”符合题意;句中主语和宾语是同一个人,此处是帮助他自己,故填反身代词himself。5it【详解】考查代词it。句意:如果你能提前告诉我你是否来,我将不胜感激。“Id appreciate it if.”是固定句式,后接条件状语从句,意为“如果. .我将非常感谢”。故填it。6annoying【详解】考查形式主语和形容词。句意:我不得不忍受他的坏脾气,真烦人。分析句子可知,句子为

95、主语从句,句中It作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句,is后接形容词,构成“It is+adj.+that从句”结构,annoy意为“使恼怒”,动词词性,v+ing形式的形容词修饰物,v+ed形式的形容词修饰人,句中指“忍受他的坏脾气”这件事烦人,故应用annoying,意为“讨厌的,烦人的”,形容词词性,修饰这件事。故填annoying。7it【详解】考查代词。句意:查理卓别林年轻时想当导演,最终(他)获得了成功。结合句意和前面的make可知,此处填it,构成短语“make it”,表示“获得成功”。故填it。8itself【详解】考查反身代词。句意:机会只青睐有准备的人。它告诉我们

96、要做好准备,直到机会来临。主语与宾语为同一个人或者事物时,宾语用反身代词,opportunity是单数,故填itself。9one【详解】考查代词。句意:学生在高中的最后一年应该认真考虑学习哪门课程,尽量选择一个最适合他们和他们的兴趣的课程。此处缺少名词或代词做choose的宾语,由于前文已经提到course,所以此处应该填代词来代指course,用one来代指单数名词,表示泛指其中一类,故填one。10those【详解】考查代词。句意:英国的课堂不同于中国的课堂。空格处指代上文提到的The classes,特指“中国的课堂”,用that的复数those,特指上文提的可数名词复数,故填thos

97、e。11their【详解】考查代词。句意:他立即向附近的一些人要绷带,但没有人能把他们的手放在任何绷带上。代词指代的是前面的nobody,用“他们”,后面是名词,所以用形容词性物主代词。故填their。12it【详解】考查it作形式宾语。句意:他们不喜欢别人不看名片,因此记得不要没看就把它们放到兜里。分析句子可知,在表示情感的动词,如appreciate, like, dislike, hate, love等后有由if或when引导的句子时,往往加上it来代替从句内容。故填it。13them【详解】考查代词。句意:他写了许多儿童读物,其中近一半是在90年代出版的。 分析可知空格所在的部分为独立

98、主格结构,根据语境此处指这些书中近一半是在90年代出版的。空格前是介词,故填代词的宾格,代指前面的books,故用第三人称复数的宾格。故答案为them。14it【详解】考查it用法。句意:我认为,我们需要一部严格的法律,将克隆人定为犯罪。此处为“make it+名词(词组)+不定式短语”结构,it作形式宾语,不定式为真正宾语。故填it。15it【详解】本题考查代词。解题要点:根据所给出的句子,可推出本题考查make it clear that.意为“让清晰明了”,为固定句式,it为形式宾语,clear为宾语补足语,that从句是真正的宾语。结合句意:我明确表示我不会放弃这次机会。故填it。16

99、It【详解】考查形式主语。句意:很明显,他已经完成了他的工作。分析句子结构,后面的从句that he has finished his work是句子真正的主语,放在句末,前面需要使用形式主语,句子第一个单词首字母大写,所以填It。17it【详解】考查形式主语。句意:在我看来,学好数学对她来说是一个挑战。句型it be a challenge for sb. to do sth.,表示“对某人来说做某事是一个挑战”,it作形式主语,后文不定式作真正主语。故填it。18it【详解】考查形式宾语。句意:巨大的脑袋使得身体活动更加困难。分析句子结构,不定式短语为真正宾语,放在句末,前面需要使用形式宾语。故填it。19it【详解】考查代词。句意:如果你能同意我的要求,我将不胜感激。分析句子可知这个句子缺宾语,it在这里做宾语,指代if引导的状语从句内容“如果你能同意我的要求”。故填it。20it【详解】考查代词。句意:这两个女孩子太相似了,以至于陌生人很难区分出她们俩。 find _ difficult to tell one from the other,本句的宾语是to tell one from the other,此处用it作形式宾语,代替真正的宾语,故填it。

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