1、第 9 讲 情态动词与虚拟语气1. Hows your new babysitter? We _ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. (2011浙江卷) A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt 【答案及解析】1. D考查情态动词的用法。句意为“你的新保姆怎么样?”“找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们都很喜欢她。”should应该;might可能,可以;mustnt禁止;couldnt不可能。2. Had I known about this computer program, a huge a
2、mount of time and energy _.(2010浙江卷) A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved 【答案及解析】2. A考查虚拟语气。根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气,原形是:If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _. 句意为:如果我早知道这个电脑程序,就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。3. “You _ have a wrong number,”
3、 she said. “Theres no one of that name here.”(2010浙江卷) A. need B. can C. must D. would【答案及解析】3. C考查情态动词。情态动词如果表示非常肯定的推测要用must。句意为:“你肯定打错电话了,”她说,“我们这里没有一个叫那个名字的人。”4. The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal.(2009浙江卷) A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. neednt D. shouldnt【答案及解析】4. D考查虚拟语气
4、。根据句子中的recommended(推荐)可知,从句应用“should 动词原形” 表示虚拟,且此句为否定句。情态动词情态动词的基本用法 1. 情态动词不能独立作谓语,其后接动词原形。2. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。3. 情态动词一般没有时态的变化。4. 情态动词接动词原形表描述现在或将来发生的动作或状态(modal verb be / do, modal verb be doing),情态动词接动词不定式的完成式表描述过去发生的动作或状态(modal verb have done)。 常考情态动词的用法1. can, could(1)表能力(be able to)。(2)表许可may。(
5、3)表客气的请求,could比can更委婉。(4)表推测,仅用于否定句和问句。(5)(表示可能、许可)能够;可以 (6)cant / couldnt v. too adj. / adv. 再怎么也不过分cant / couldnt butv. 只好,不得不cant help doing禁不住做cant help but do不能帮助做2. may, might(1)表允许,许可can。You may go home now, Susan. 苏珊,你现在可以回家了。 (2)表可能性,may比might可能性更大。(3)may / might as well v. 还是好You may as we
6、ll wait till Tuesday and go on a fast train.你还是等到星期二乘快车走为好。(4)表祝愿,祈求。May you succeed!祝你成功!(5)(用于让步状语从句中)即使;无论。Whatever he may say,I dont believe him. 无论他说什么,我都不相信他的话。3. must(1)(表示义务、必要性、命令)必须,得,要。You must do as you are told. 你必须按照吩咐去做。(2)表强烈的劝告。(3)表把握性很大的推测。(4)must not表禁止,不允许。Cars mustnt be parked h
7、ere. 此处禁止停车。(5)must的一般疑问句的否定回答用neednt或dont have to。(6)(表固执,不满等)偏偏,硬要,偏要表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦。Our threeyearold boy must do the opposite to what we ordered. 我们3岁的儿子很固执,要他向东,他偏向西。(7)(表必然性)必定。Everyone must die. 每个人都必定会死。4. shall(1)用于第一、三人称表征求意见,请求指示。Shall she go to the concert with us this evening?今晚请她和我们一起去看演
8、唱会吗?(2)用于第二、三人称, 表示说话人的命令、强制、允诺、威胁或决心等, 多见于法律条文等文件中。Dont worry。You shall get the answer this very afternoon. (允诺)He shall be sorry one day. I tell you. 我告诉你,他早晚有一天会后悔的。(警告)5. should(1)(表惊讶、遗憾)竟然;居然。Its a pity that he should resign. 可惜他竟然辞职了。(2)(用于条件状语从句中)一旦;万一。Should you change your mind, let us kno
9、w. (If you should change your mind,)你一旦改变主意,就通知我们。 (3)(用于表示命令、建议、请求的动词后面的that从句中,且should可省略)应该;必须。I suggested that he (should) change his mind. 我建议他改变主意。6. will /would(1)表请求,would用疑问句多与you连用比will更委婉,客气。(2)表习惯性或反复性的动作,will指现在,would指过去的习惯used to。(3)表意愿或固执坚持,事情作主语表固有的性质。情态动词的特殊用法1. 情态动词表推测:对肯定情况的推测: mu
10、st be /do(现在或将来)must be doing(说话时正在进行)must have pp. (已发生的或状态)对否定情况的推测:can /could not be /do(现在或将来)cant /couldnt be doing(正在发生的动作)can /could not have pp. (过去的动作或状态)把握性很大may be/do(现在或将来)may be doing(说话时正在发生动作)may have pp. (已发生的动作或状态)may not be/do(现在或将来)may not be doing(说话时正在发生动作)may not have pp. (过去已发
11、生的动作或状态)把握性其次might be/do(现在或将来)might be doing(说话时正在发生动作)might have pp. (过去的动作或状态)might not be/do(现在或将来)might not be doing(说话时正在发生动作)might not have pp. (过去的动作或状态)把握性不大2. 情态动词的完成式:(1) could have done 本来能够做而实际上未做(2) might have done 本来可以做而实际上未做(3) should / ought to have done 本来应该做而实际上未做(4) ought not to
12、have done /shouldnt have done 本来不应该做而实际上做了 (5) neednt have done 本来不必要做而实际上做了虚拟语气if 虚拟条件句的形式 注意:有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致(表示错综时间的虚拟语气),这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如: If you had_listened_to the doctor, you would_be_all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话,身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去,主句动作指现在) if 虚拟条件句的转化 1. 省略连词if,将were, had或should提
13、至主语前。如: Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你,就不做这事。2. 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。如: Without_air,_there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话,就不会有生物了。But_for_your_help,I couldnt have done it. 要是没有你的帮助,我就不可能完成这件事。3. 假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如:I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with
14、them. 我那天很忙,否则,我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话,我就)I would_have_finished the work, but I have been ill. 我本来该完成这项工作的,但我生病了。(如果我没生病的话,我就会完成)4. 省去条件从句成主句。如:You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自己洗衣服的。If my grandmother were with me!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊! 易错易混点1. can可以作“有时候会”解,意思是平时或大部分时间不是这样子,只是偶尔发生的事情。如: Th
15、e climates of East China can_be pretty cold in winter. 华东地区冬天的气候有时会相当冷。 2. 在“It is important (strange,natural,necessary)that”这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should动词原形”结构,表示某事是“重要”、“奇怪”、“自然”、“必要”等意义。如: It is important that every member (should)_inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。3. 在动词wish后的宾
16、语从句中: (1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。如: I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道) (2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。如: I wish (wished) I hadnt_spent so much money. 我后悔不该花那么多钱。 (3)表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为“would动词原形”。如: I wish it would_stop raining. 但愿雨能停止。 4. 在suggest,demand,ord
17、er,propose,insist,command,request,desire等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“should 动词原形”,表示建议、要求、命令等。如: I demand that he (should)_answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。5. 在“It is time (that)”句型中,定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来,动词形式一般用过去式,意思是“是该干某事的时候了”。如: Its (high) time we did our homework. 是我们该做作业的时候了。 6. if only 要是就好了。相当于I wish(与wish 后的虚拟语气类似),如: If only you hadnt_told him the news.