1、专题能力提升练十二词义猜测题猜测指代类A2020广州市综合检测二 Special boxes lie at the bottom of my locked filing cabinet. Deposited there are important letters and cards collected throughout my life, from my grandparents, school friends, parents, wife and son. Since the invention of email though, theyve been few and far betwee
2、n.Tonight is New Years Eve 2029 and theres a very special box of letters I want to look at. But first theres something I have to doThe Ritual (惯例)I go to my trusted computer and start. I begin to type: DearI leave the name blank for now, anticipating the thrill of typing it in. “I hope you are well
3、and I wonder what your life is like. Are you still planning to move to that villa in Portugal? Did your son marry Fiona? Is your mother still alive？” Questions surge into my mind.For the next two hours I sit writingabout what Ive been doing for the last year, my failing health, my increasing wealth
4、and my sometime difficult marriage; then about my goals and ambitions. Will he be interested? Do I climb Mt. Kilimanjaro? Do I get that novel published? The one thats been rejected more times than I care to think about. Finally, its finished at 11：30 pm. I fill in the recipients name, print my lette
5、r, sign and address it and then seal it up with tape. I then delete the document and empty the trash folderto avoid the possibility of temptation. That completes the ritual!I walk over to my “special box”. It contains ten long, white, thick envelopes, all with the same handwriting. I place the one I
6、 have just written in at the back and take the one out at the front. Its dated 2019, and labelled “to be opened on 31st December, 2029” .The cycle is finally complete! I open it, trembling with anticipation. I begin to read, tearing up a little as I do so. Throughout the last ten long, eventful year
7、s, of life, death, joy and heartbreak, it has been waiting patiently in this box for me, though I now have no memory of ever having written it.1. Why does the author receive fewer “important letters” these days?AHe has moved from his original address.BHe is rarely in contact with his friends and fam
8、ily.CPeople communicate with each other less often than before. DElectronic communication has largely replaced physical letters.2Who does the underlined word “he”in Paragraph 4 refer to?AThe author himself.BThe authors son.CThe authors school friend.DThe authors book publisher.3Why does the author d
9、elete the completed letter from his computer? ASo that no one else will be able to read it. BSo that he wont read it ahead of schedule. CBecause he decides at last not to send it. DBecause he wants to forget what has happened.4How does the author feel as he is about to open his special letter?ARelie
10、ved. BMoved.CExcited. DAfraid.B2020合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测Sharon Okpoe has lived her entire 17 years in Makoko, known as the worlds largest “floating slum(贫民窟)”， built on a lake in Lagos, Nigeria. Okpoes father is a fisherman, and her mother sells smoked fish.As many as twothirds of the citys 21 million resi
11、dents live in slums. “Most girls are trapped in a terrible cycle of poverty. Many of them are not thinking of education, a plan for the future，” Abisoye AjayiAkinfolarin, a computer programmer in Lagos, recalled. But several times a week, girls like Okpoe get a glimpse of another world when they att
12、end GirlsCoding, a free program run by the Pearls Africa Foundation that seeks to educate and excite girls about computer programming. Since 2012, the group has helped more than 400 disadvantaged girls gain the technical skills and confidence they need to transform their lives.Its the vision of Ajay
13、iAkinfolarin, who left a successful career to devote herself to this work. Shed noticed how few women worked in this growing fielda 2013 government survey found that less than 8% of Nigerian women were employed in technology jobs. She wanted to fix the gender gap. “Technology is a space thats domina
14、ted by men. Why should we leave that to guys？” she said. “I believe girls need opportunities.”Now, dozens of girls aged 10 to 17 get trained in computer programming technology. “I believe you can still find diamonds in these places，” AjayiAkinfolarin said. “They need to be shown another life.” One w
15、ay her program does this is by taking the students to visit technology companiesnot only showing them what technology can do, but also helping them visualize themselves joining the industry.Okpoe, for one, has taken this to heart. She helped create an app called Makoko Fresh, enabling fishermen like
16、 her father to sell seafood directly to customers. She even wants to become a software engineer and hopes to study computer science at Harvard.“One thing I want my girls to hold onto is that, regardless of where they are coming from, they can make it，” Ajayi said. “They are coders. They are thinkers
17、. Their future is bright.”5What can we learn about GirlsCoding?AIt encourages girls to land a job in education.BIt offers Nigerian girls in need parttime jobs.CIt helps girls working in Lagos to fight poverty.DIt teaches girls in Makoko computer programming.6What did AjayiAkinfolarin think about the
18、 growing field in Paragraph 3 ?AMen could do far better in technology jobs.BGirls should get equal work opportunities.CMen normally got paid more than women.DGirls tended to devote themselves to work.7What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to? ARebuilding the girls confidence. BTr
19、aining the girls to find diamonds. CPresenting a different life to the girls.DTaking the girls to technology companies.8What can we infer about Okpoe from the last paragraph?AShe got fishermen to benefit from her app.BShe was admitted to Harvard University.CShe took her fathers suggestion to heart.D
20、She made some changes to computer science.C2020青岛市高三统一质量检测In life, once on a path, we tend to follow it, for better or worse.Whats sad is that even if its the latter, we often accept it anyway because we are so used to the way things are that we dont even recognize that they could be different. This
21、 is a phenomenon psychologists call functional fixedness.This classic experiment will give you an idea of how it works and a sense of whether you may have fallen into the same trap：People are given a box of tacks (大头钉) and some matches and asked to find a way to attach a candle to a wall so that it
22、burns properly. Typically, the subjects try tacking the candle to the wall or lighting it to fix it with melted wax. The psychologists had, of course，arranged it so that neither of these obvious approaches would work. The tacks are too short, and the paraffin (石蜡) doesnt stick to the wall. So how ca
23、n you complete the task? The successful technique is to use the tack box as a candle holder. You empty it, tack it to the wall, and stand the candle inside it. To think of that, you have to look beyond the boxs usual role as a receptacle just for tacks and reimagine it serving an entirely new purpos
24、e. That is difficult because we all suffer to one degree or another from functional fixedness.The inability to think in new ways affects people in every corner of society. The political theorist Hannah Arendt coined the phrase “frozen thoughts” to describe deeply held ideas that we no longer questio
25、n but should. In Arendts eyes, the selfcontent reliance on such accepted “truths” also made people blind to ideas that didnt fit their world view, even when there was plenty of evidence for them. Frozen thinking has nothing to do with intelligence, she said. “It can be found in highly intelligent pe
26、ople.”9What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe experiment. BFunctional fixedness.CThe path. DThe thinking.10Which way is hard to think of to complete the task?ATacking the candle to the wall.BFixing the candle with melted wax.CUsing the tack box as a candle holder.DLighting t
27、he candle to stand it.11Which of the following statements will Hannah Arendt agree with?APeople should question.BWe should be used to the way things are.CPeople shouldnt accept the idea that doesnt fit their world view.DThe smarter people are, the more open they are to the new things.12Whats the pas
28、sage mainly about?AAn interesting experiment.BA psychological phenomenon.CA theory to be proved.DThe opinion of Hannah Arendt.专题能力提升练十二词义猜测题猜测指代类A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我生活写给未来的自己的信【文章大意】在2029年的除夕，在阅读自己2019年写给自己的信之前，“我”必须给未来的自己再写一封信。在信中，“我”写到了健康、财富、婚姻等，写完后，“我”阅读了2019年写给自己的信1答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第一段尾句“Since the
29、invention of email though，theyve been few and far between”可知，由于电子邮件的发明，作者收到的信件少了，故D项正确。2答案与解析：A考查代词指代。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段中的“though I now have no memory of ever having written it”可推知，作者是在给未来的自己写信，该句中的he指作者自己，故A项正确。3答案与解析： B考查推理判断。根据第五段第三句“I then delete the document and empty the trash folderto avoid the po
30、ssibility of temptation”可知，作者删除了文件并清空了垃圾文件夹以避免可能的诱惑；结合下文中作者阅读2019年写给自己的信可以推断，作者删除文件是为了防止自己禁不住诱惑提前阅读信件，故B项正确。4答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据最后一段第二句“I open it，trembling with anticipation”可知，作者在打开信时，因为期待而颤抖。由此可推知，作者在打开信时内心很激动，故C项正确。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会公益事业为贫困区女孩提供技术培训【文章大意】文章介绍了为尼日利亚Makoko地区贫困女孩提供计算机编程培训的GirlsCoding项目
31、的目的以及影响等。5答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“But several times a week，girls like Okpoe get a glimpse of anotber world when they attend GirlsCoding，a free program.that seeks to educate and excite girls about computer programming”可知，GirlsCoding是一个免费的项目，它旨在教育女孩们关于计算机编程的知识和激发女孩们对计算机编程的兴趣。由此可知，GirlsCoding教生活在Makoko地区
32、的女孩们有关计算机编程的知识，故选D。6答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“She wanted to fix the gender gap”以及“I believe girls need opportunities”可知，AjayiAkinfolarin认为，女孩们在这个领域应该获得与男性同等的工作机会。故选B。7答案与解析：C考查代词指代。根据画线词上句“They need to be shown another life”并结合语境可知，“this”在这里指代上句的内容，即向女孩们展现另一种生活。故选C。8答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据最后一段第二句“She helped cr
33、eate an app called Makoko Fresh，enabling fishermen like her father to sell seafood directly to customers”可知，Okpoe帮助开发了一款名为Makoko Fresh的应用程序，让像她父亲一样的渔民可以直接向顾客出售海鲜。由此可以推断出，Okpoe让渔民从她开发的应用程序中获益。故选A。C语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会思考问题固化思维给人们带来的影响【文章大意】生活中，人们常常受固化思维支配。本文作者通过经典实验来说明固化思维的影响，并告诉我们要打破固化思维，以创新的方式去思考问题。9答案
34、与解析：B考查代词指代。根据第一段中的“This is a phenomenon psychologists call functional fixedness”及第二段中的“This classic experiment will give you an idea of how it works”可知，第一段结尾处提到一种被称作功能性固化思维的现象，第二段紧接着就用经典实验来阐释它是如何工作的。由此可知，画线词“it”指的就是上文中的“functional fixedness”，故选B。10答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The successful technique is t
35、o use the tack box as a candle holder.That is difficult”可知，要顺利完成任务，人们需要把装大头钉的盒子用作烛台，而要想到这一点是很难的，故选C。11答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“The political theorist Hannah Arendt coined the phrasefrozen thoughts to describe deeply held ideas that we no longer question but should”可知，Hannah Arendt认为，人们应该去质疑固有观念，故选A。1
36、2答案与解析：B考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要围绕“functional fixedness”这种心理学现象展开，介绍了固化思维的形成、影响及如何打破固化思维，故B项最能概括文章的主要内容。长难句解读：Whats sad is that even if its the latter，we often accept it anyway because we are so used to the way things are that we dont even recognize that they could be different.分析：这是一个主从复合句。Whats sad是what引导的主语从句。第一个that引导表语从句，该表语从句中又包含一个even if引导的让步状语从句和because引导的原因状语从句，而because引导的原因状语从句中又包含一个so.that(第二个that)引导的结果状语从句和that(第三个that)引导的宾语从句。译文：让人难过的是，即使是后者，我们也常常会接受它，因为我们是如此习惯于事情的发展方式以至于我们甚至没有意识到它们可能会是不同的。