1、专题能力提升练十一词义猜测题猜测词义类A2020昆明市“三诊一模”高考模拟考试 Maitreyi Ramakrishnan, 17, remembers the question that took her from the life of a regular high school student to the center of Hollywood. “Why not me？” she asked herself when she saw an open casting call for Mindy Kalings comingofage comedy series Never Have
2、I Ever. It was a good question, and coincidentally, also the name of Kalings 2015 biography.Despite having no professional acting experience, Ramakrishnan got the job. The young actress plays a character named Devi whose life story is inspired by Kalings own. Ramakrishnan credits her best friend for
3、 helping her stay confident throughout the audition (试演) process. She filmed an audition video and submitted it. About one month later, she got a phone call from Kaling and screenwriter Lang Fisher. “They told me that I got the role，” Ramakrishnan said. “I was in complete shock. I just kept saying,
4、My life is completely going to change.”As a woman of color starring in a Netflix series, Ramakrishnan was honored as a Groundbreaker for International Day of the Girl in 2019. Her personal role models, including her high school drama teacher as well as various women in Hollywood, have played a big r
5、ole in creating her world view. “My high school drama teacher is always pushing me to try new things，” the teen said. “She encouraged me to try out for plays and take risks, which now Im known for.”The surreal experience taught her a life lesson that she thinks applies to anyone. When asked how she
6、hopes her role will influence others, she replied, “I hope it passes this on the why not me？ Why cant I just go out and do what makes me happy? Do what makes me feel great and confident？”Clearly, its working.1What made Ramakrishnan successfully get the job?AHer acting experience. BInfluence of her f
7、riend.CHer lasting confidence. DInspiration from Kaling.2How does Ramakrishnan sound towards her drama teacher?AFaithful. BGrateful.CAnnoyed. DConcerned.3What does the underlined word “surreal” in Paragraph 4 mean ? AOrdinary. BFantastic. CDisturbing. DEntertaining.4What does the text mainly talk ab
8、out?AA comedy named Never Have Ever.BA girl starring in a new Netflix show.CA phone call that makes a superstar.DA question that changes a girls life.B2020枣庄市高三模拟Rainbowcoloured rubbish is the colourful waste created by a Swedish city with a unique recycling system. Like many cities in Sweden, Eskil
9、stuna has an impressive recycling record. It met the EUs 2020 target of recycling 50% of waste many years ago. But almost everyone who lives here follows a strict recycling policy at home. People are expected to sort their household waste into seven separate categories, including food, textiles, car
10、tons and metal. But what really makes the system stand out is the bright colour code.The reason for this becomes clear at the citys recycling plant. The bags arrive all jumbled up because theyre collected altogether, once a fortnight from outside peoples houses. But thanks to those bright colours, s
11、canners can select the bags and separate them efficiently. The food waste in green bags is processed on site into slurry(浆) to make biogas, which powers the citys buses. One of the benefits of this method of recycling is that there is less crosspollution, so more of the recycled waste can actually b
12、e used to make new things.Like the rest of Sweden, Eskilstuna is committed to sending zero waste from its citizens to landfill (垃圾填埋场). Waste that cannot be recycled is incinerated at a local plant to generate electricity. This reduces reliance on fossil fuels, but does create greenhouse gases. As c
13、ountries around the world try to improve their recycling rates, some may look to Eskilstuna as an example to followas long as they think they can persuade their citizens to get busy sorting waste at home.5How do people deal with their household waste in Eskilstuna?ASorting and putting it in colourfu
14、l bags.BDyeing it with different colours.CProcessing and recycling it at home.DSorting and taking it out every week.6What is the advantage of the bright colour code?AIt avoids crosspollution entirely.BThe waste can be stored in a fixed site.CIts easier to classify the bags of rubbish.DThe city takes
15、 on a colourful look.7What does the underlined word “incinerated” mean in the last paragraph?Aburnt BbrokenCreused Dwashed8. Which of the following is the best title of the text?ATips on Sorting of Household Waste.BA Swedish Citys Recycling Efforts.CA Unique Waste Recycling Plan.DA New Policy on Con
16、servation.C2020烟台市高考诊断性测试 If youve ever been on a fishing boat, youve probably seen crowds of birds following it, hoping to catch a snack. Now scientists use those birds behavior to track illegal fishing boats.Researchers attached data loggers to the backs of 169 albatrosses (信天翁) in Indian oceans.
17、Weighing only 42 grams, the devices included a GPS, which enabled them to detect the presence and intensity of radar signals emitted by boats. That information was then sent by satellite, so the researchers could track the location of the birdsand thus the radaremitting boatsin real time.The scienti
18、sts then crosschecked that data against the known locations of boats, collected from a system boats use to declare themselves, called the Automatic Identification System (AIS). And noticeable differences appeared frequently.More than a third of the times the bird “loggers” detected radar signals, an
19、d therefore a boat, but no such boat appeared in the official logmeaning that the vehicles had likely switched off their AISsomething that probably happens in illegal fishing operations.The work suggests birds could be an effective boatmonitoring tool as long as illegal fishing operations dont targe
20、t the birds.Fortunately, such_a_task would be difficult. Around fishing boats, you can find hundreds of birds at any one time that are flying around. And the birds with loggers are not marked in any way. So its not really possible for fishermen to pick out a specific bird.But what concerns researche
21、rs is that albatrosses often get caught by some fishing boats. Though regulations have been established to protect against that happeningwith successillegal boats dont necessarily obey. So scientists might be underestimating the risk posed to albatross populations.9What characteristic of albatrosses
22、 do scientists take advantage of in their research? ATheir feeding patterns. BTheir sense of direction. CTheir greedy behaviors. DTheir habit of following fishing boats.10. For what purpose does a boat shut off its AIS? ATo seek more fishes. BTo have it mistaken for another. CTo avoid being detected
23、. DTo save the trouble of declaring itself.11What does “such a task” in Paragraph 6 refer to? AIdentifying birds with loggers. BMonitoring illegal boats. CTracking radar signals automatically. DFishing illegally.12What could be the best title for the text?AAIS: an Effective System to Locate BoatsBHu
24、mans Are Good at Discovering Birds NatureCData Loggers Help Fishermen Get a Good HarvestDScientists Use Birds to Track Illegal Fishing Operations专题能力提升练十一词义猜测题猜测词义类A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会人物故事普通高中生麦特里伊拉玛克里斯南被好莱坞录用【文章大意】普通的高中生麦特里伊拉玛克里斯南尽管没有专业的表演经验，但因为“为什么不是我？”这个巧合的问题而被敏迪卡灵(Mindy Kaling)的成长喜剧系列招为演员。1答案与解析：C
25、考查细节理解。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第三句“Ramakrishnan credits her best friend for helping her stay confident throughout the audition(试演)process”及第六句“They told me that I got the role， Ramakrishnan said”可知，麦特里伊拉玛克里斯南在试演时的自信使她被录用。故选C。2答案与解析：B考查推理判断。 根据第三段中的“Her personal role models，including her high school drama teache
26、r.She encourged me to try out for plays and take risks，which now Im known for.”可知，她的高中戏剧老师是她的个人榜样，总是督促她去尝试新事物并且鼓励她尝试戏剧和冒险，而且现在她以这一点而闻名，进而可推断出她对她的高中戏剧老师怀有感激之情。所以选B。3答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。分析句子结构可知，这种经历是上文提到的经历。根据第一段的内容可知麦特里伊拉玛克里斯南被录用有巧合的因素，所以，她的这种经历是“不可思议的、奇异的”，故画线词与B项词义相近。4答案与解析：D考查主旨大意。本文主要介绍了普通的高中生麦特里伊拉玛克里
27、斯南尽管没有专业的表演经验，但因为“为什么不是我？”这个巧合的问题而被敏迪卡灵(Mindy Kaling)的成长喜剧系列招为演员的故事。故选D。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然环境保护垃圾的分类及焚烧【文章大意】在瑞典，环保是生活的一部分，在Eskilstuna也不例外。该市推出“彩虹色”的垃圾回收体系，在回收利用方面取得了令人赞叹的成绩。5答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第一段的“People are expected to sort their household waste into seven separate categories，including food, textiles
28、, cartons and metal. But what really makes the system stand out is the bright colour code”和第二段的“scanners can select the bags”“in green bags”可知，在Eskilstuna，人们会把生活垃圾分类，装在不同颜色的袋子里。6答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第二段的“But thanks to those bright colours，scanners can select the bags and separate them efficiently”可知，由于垃圾
29、袋鲜艳的颜色，扫描仪可以高效地把它们挑拣并分离开来。7答案与解析：A考查词义猜测。结合语境可推断，此处陈述一种垃圾处理方式。根据画线词后的“at a local plant to generate electricity. This reduces reliance on fossil fuels, but does create greenhouse gases”可知，不能回收的垃圾会在当地的一家工厂被处理并用于发电，这减少了对化石燃料的依赖，但也产生了温室气体，故这一处理方式应为焚烧。incinerate“将烧成灰烬，烧毁”，与A项词义接近。8答案与解析：B考查标题判断。文章主要介绍了瑞典
30、城市Eskilstuna在废物回收方面的种种努力：执行严格的回收政策、焚烧不能回收的垃圾来发电等，故B项最能概括本文主要内容，可作标题。C语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然科学技术鸟类追踪器的利用【文章大意】本文讲述科学家利用鸟类追逐渔船的天性，在一些鸟身上装上追踪器，追踪那些仪器测不出的进行非法捕捞作业的渔船。9答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据文章首段可知，科学家利用信天翁追逐渔船的特点去定位渔船。故D选项正确。10答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据文章第四段中的“the vehicles had likely switched off their AISsomething that probably happens in illegal fishing operations”可知，有些渔船为了从事非法捕捞作业时不被检测到而关闭了AIS系统。故C选项正确。11答案与解析：A考查名词指代。根据第五段中的“as long as illegal fishing operations dont target the birds”及第六段内容可知这一任务是指渔民识别并攻击信天翁，因为后文中提到跟着渔船的鸟太多，要从中找出某一只鸟并不容易。故选A。12答案与解析：D考查标题判断。本文主要讲述科学家通过鸟类追逐渔船的天性，在一些鸟身上装上轻便的设备，以追踪非法捕捞的渔船。