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本文(2021届高考英语二轮复习 专项解密07 非谓语动词(含解析).doc)为本站会员(高****)主动上传,免费在线备课命题出卷组卷网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知免费在线备课命题出卷组卷网(发送邮件至service@ketangku.com或直接QQ联系客服),我们立即给予删除!

2021届高考英语二轮复习 专项解密07 非谓语动词(含解析).doc

1、解密07非谓语动词序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1. 真题对点析1. 对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一,它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同,而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系,这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。 近年来,高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出,所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有:现在分词和过去分词基础知识;现在分词和过去分词句法功能;现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析;现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成;现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。

2、另外,对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能;对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。【备考建议】非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时,一定要解析句子结构,确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。非谓语题的解题总方法如下:1. 先看四个答案:如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况,那么这个题多半 是非谓语动词题。

3、 2. 看符号:中间有个逗号,末尾有个句号(有时中间没有逗号); 3. 看有没有连接词(引导词)。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话,一部分是句子时,那么另一 部分就一定是非句子,而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。 4. 定语态:如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与它是逻辑上的主谓关系,那么答案一般用现在分 词;如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与它是逻辑上的动宾关系(被动关系),那么答案一般 用过去分词。 5. 定时态:如果非谓语的动作比谓语先(或先很久)发生,那么非谓语动词要用完成式(to have done/to have been done/ having done/ Ha

4、ving been done),否则我们要用非谓语的一般式(to do / to be done / doing / being done / done)。Part 2对点解密【考点精准说】1-非谓语动词做主语 ( -ing/-to do) 1. 如果表语是不定式,主语也是不定式;表语是动名词,主语也是动名词。如:To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.2. 动名词作主语的句型。如:It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of

5、 time to do)3. 动词不定式和动名词的复合结构:动词不定式的复合结构有两种:It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/.for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/.of sb. to do动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中,只要不是作主语,动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。如:His coming made me happy.I cant imagine his/him living there alone.4.动

6、名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语)。如:Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time does harm to your skin.【真题对点析】11.(2019天津卷)_ to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future.A. LearnB. LearnedC. LearningD. Having learned【答案】C【解析】考查动名词。句意:学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分,而过去分词、动词都

7、不可以做主语。此处用动名词做主语,故选C。2. 2018北京卷单项填空)_ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查动名词。句意:沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“_ along the old Silk Road”作主语,要用动名词,故B选项正确。【对点模拟练】11. _(travel) along the old Silk Road is an inter

8、esting and rewarding experience.【答案】Travelling/Traveling【解析】句意:沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣且有益的体验。分析句子结构可知,空格处所在短语在句中作主语,故用动名词。2. Since I was small, my parents have told me that it is no use _(bother) about those who always stand still and refuse to make progress.【答案】bothering【解析】句意:从我小时候起,我的父母就告诉我为总是故步自封的人而烦恼是

9、没有什么用的。It is no use doing sth.是固定句型,意为“做某事没有用”;bother about sb.意为“为某人而烦恼”。【考点精准说】2-非谓语动词做宾语 ( -ing/-to do)1. 下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语:attempt(企图),afford(负担得起),demand(要求),long(渴望),desire(渴望),expect,hope,wish,want,swear(发誓),volunteer(自愿),offer(提供),fail(未能),plan,care(关心,喜欢),happen(碰巧),prepare(准备),learn(学习),choos

10、e(选择),hesitate(犹豫),claim(要求),promise,undertake(承接),appear(似乎),seek(寻觅),refuse(拒绝),decide(决定),determine(决定),manage(设法),pretend(假装),agree(同意),bother(烦恼),intend(想要),wait(等待)2. 下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语:acknowledge(承认),admit(承认),deny(否认),mention(说到,讲到),tolerate/stand/bear(忍受),dislike(不喜欢),advocate(提倡,主张),appreciat

11、e(感激,欣赏),avoid(避免),enjoy(享受),envy(嫉妒),delay(延迟),postpone(延迟,延期),escape(逃跑,逃避),excuse/pardon/forgive(原谅),fancy(幻想,爱好),imagine(想象),favour(造成,偏爱),mind(介意),miss(错过),finish(完成),resist(抵抗),risk(冒险),involve(包含),practise(实践),suggest/advise/recommend(建议),prevent(阻止),keep(保持),quit/abandon(放弃,停止),understand(理解

12、),include(包括)3. 后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有:have(no/much/some/.) difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in),take pleasure in,spend time/money (in),waste time(in),be worth,be busy,feel like,be committed to4. to作为介词的短语有:look forward to,pay attention to,object tobe opposed to,be devoted to,stick to,come close to(差一点),ge

13、t down to(开始认真做),get/be accustomed/used to(doing), lead tocontribute to(sb. doing/being done)5. allow,permit,forbid,advise,recommend的用法:allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommenddoingallow/permit/forbid/advise/recommendsb.to do如:I dont allow smoking in my room.I dont allow him to smoke in my room.6.既可以接-i

14、ng又可以接-to do,但意义有差别的动词forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做)remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)stop to do停止(某件事),目的是去做另一件事stop doing停止正在或经常做的事go on to do继续(去做另外一件事情)go on doing继续(原先没有做完的事情)regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)regret doing sth.对过去做过的事或未

15、做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)try to do努力、企图做try doing试验、试一试某种办法mean to do(人)打算,有意要mean doing(物)意味着cant help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事【真题对点析】21. 【2020全国新课标I改错】My mom told me how to preparing it.考查非谓语动词。句意:我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知,“how+不定式”作told的宾语,to是不定式符号,后应接动词原形,故将preparing改为prepare。2.(2018

16、新课标I卷语法填空)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _63_ (die) early by running.【参考答案】seeing【试题解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重,但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处作of的宾语,其后用动名词。故填dying。3.2017全国卷by 68._ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.【答案】68. eating【解析】考

17、查动名词。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。4.【2015陕西】My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!【答案】enjoy改为enjoying【解析】句意:我最喜欢的照片是我和我的教练在聚会上开心地享受饼干。of后面接动名词,my coach and me是逻辑主语,enjoy改为enjoying。【对点模拟练】21. I didnt mean _(eat) anything but the ice cream l

18、ooked so good that I couldnt help_(try) it.【答案】to eat;trying【解析】句意:我没打算吃东西,但这冰淇淋看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住品尝了一下。mean to do sth.打算做某事;mean doing sth. 意味着做某事;cant help doing sth. 禁不住/忍不住做某事;cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事。2. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the peopl

19、e who had helped in her career. A. to thank B. thanking C. having thanked D. to have thanked【参考答案】A【试题解析】句意:在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后,Anne Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。go on to do继续做不同的事情,所以选A。【考点精准说】3-非谓语动词做表语 (-ing/-ed/-to do)1. 不定式作表语,一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。Her hobby is playing basketball.Her hobby

20、 is to play basketball.Her job is to teach English.2. 过去分词作表语,表示“感到,觉得”,现在分词作表语,表示“令人”。此类词有:embarrass,excite,interest,delight,disappoint,encourage,inspire,please,puzzle,satisfy,surprise,worry,convince等。【真题对点析】31.(2016上海)Do you find yourself getting impatient or _(annoy) with people over unimportant

21、things?. If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better control your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.【答案】annoyed【解析】考查形容词。形容词annoyed恼怒的,该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词,通常修饰人。本句中该词和impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词get构成系表结构。2.(2019全国III卷)Now my dream is to opens a cafe. 【答案】opens

22、改为 open【解析】考查不定式的用法。不定式做表语,to后用动词原形。故把 opens改为 open。3.【2016四川】Mom was grateful and moving.【答案】moving-moved 【解析】句意:妈妈即感激有感动。故把moving-moved。4.2017全国卷In their spare time,they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden【答案】3. interesting改为interested5.(2018新课标III 卷语法填空)I quickly lower myself,

23、ducking my head to avoid _64_(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel_65_(challenge).【参考答案】64.looking 65.challenged【答案解析】64.动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。 65.根据语境可知,此处表示不直视他的眼睛,他就不会感到被挑战。feel为系动词,表示“被挑战”,用过去分词challenged作表语。【对点模拟练】31. However, we refer to Donald Trump as _ great succe

24、ss not merely because he has been elected 【答案】C 【考点精准说】4-非谓语动词做宾语补足语 (-ing/-ed/-to do)1.下面的动词要求用不定式作宾补(动词宾语动词不定式):ask(请,叫),tell(告诉),get(使,让),prefer(喜欢,宁愿),like(喜欢),force(强迫),press(迫使),require(要求),request(请求),advise(劝告),pray(请求),remind(提醒),beg(请求),invite(吸引,邀请),command(命令),order(命令),intend(想要,企图),dri

25、ve(驱赶),train(训练),cause(引起),instruct(指示),direct(指导),warn(告诫),enable(使能够),need(需要),urge(激励,力说),inspire(鼓舞),encourage(鼓励),want(想要),lead(引起,使得),teach(教),wish(希望)。2.感官动词,如:see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel等。感官动词后可接不带to的不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语。使役动词have,make的用法(注意have作为“有”的用法):使役动词have可接不带to

26、的不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语;make后接不带to的不定式、过去分词、名词、形容词作宾语补足语。3.catch,find,get,leave,keep,set,send后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语。【真题对点析】4 1.(2018天津卷单项填空) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_.A. taking B. takenC. being taken D. take【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一个新护照,所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语,宾语my photo

27、graph与补足语之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。2.(2018新课标III卷语法填空)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _70_ (stay)and watch.【参考答案】 【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。此处allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事,动词不定式作宾补,应该用to stay。【对点模拟练】41. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _(perform) live is quite another.

28、【答案】being performed【解析】句意:在家里面听音乐是一回事,去到现场听又是另一回事。此处表示“听到音乐正在被演奏”。3. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _ live is quite another. A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed【参考答案】D【答案解析】句意:在家里面听音乐是一回事,去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb./sth. doing sth表听到某人/某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的,所以需要被动

29、,所以选D。【考点精准说】5-非谓语动词做状语 (-ing/-ed/-to do)-ing/-ed除表示伴随之外还表示时间、让步或条件。-to除了表示目的,还表示结果、情感或心理状态原因。尤其注意表示特性的形容词(comfortable,difficult,easy等)后接的不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义。【真题对点析】51.(2019江苏卷) _ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.A. To enjoyB. EnjoyingC. To have enjoye

30、dD. Enjoy【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意:为了享受数字支付的方便,很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。2,【2018北京】6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在中秋节期间,家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼。gath

31、er是谓语动词,“_ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语,家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼,表目的用动词不定式,故B选项正确。点睛:动词不定式可以做主语,状语,定语,宾语,表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时,可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后,通常译为“为了”。3.【2018北京】10. Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. used B. to use C. using D. use【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果正确使用

32、的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句,_ correctly是条件状语,修饰ordinary soap,ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系,故要用过去分词,A选项正确。(2017天津) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _ more patients to be treated.A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed【参考

33、答案】B【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。“医院引进新的医疗设备”和“更多的病人得到治疗”之间是主动的关系,因此用v.ing形式。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语,故选B项。句意:医院最近引进了新的医疗设备,从而使更多的病人得到治疗。【对点模拟练】51.Much time _ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查独立主格结构。句意:上班族们坐在办工座前太久,一

34、般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知,分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致,应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且动作已完成,故用过去分词。故选C项。2_that his father would come back soon, the little boy calmed down.A. Having convincedB. ConvincingC. Being convincedD. Convinced【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:相信他的父亲不久会回来,这个小男孩镇静下来。convince“使相信”,与主语the little boy是被动关系,用过

35、去分词作状语表示被动关系。故选D。【考点精准说】6-非谓语动词做定语 (-ing/-ed/-to do)不定式作定语,表示将来;现在分词作定语,表示正在发生或主动;过去分词作定语,表示过去或被动。此外,在warning,ability,failure,determination,wish,decision等词后面用不定式作定语;不定式作定语还可用来修饰序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定语。【真题对点析】61. 【2020全国新课标I改错】I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it.考查非谓语动词。句意:我喜欢吃西红

36、柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过去分词作定语,故将frying改为fried。2.(2017北京) Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _ with his students.A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent 【参考答案】D【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,_ with his students是非谓语动词短语作后置定语,且“时光”是被度过,而且这里指的是“已经被度过的时光”,故选 D。句意:吉姆已经退休了,但他仍然记得跟学

37、生们一起度过的快乐时光。【对点模拟练】61.China has clear actions_(address)environmental protection, sustainable development and climate change.【答案】addressing【解析】句意:中国为应对环保、可持续发展以及气候变化采取了明确的行动。分析句子成分可知,本题为非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰actions,再结合句意可知,actions与address之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作定语。2.The national park has a large collection of wildli

38、fe, _(range) from butterflies to elephants.【答案】ranging【解析】句意:国家公园有大量的野生动物,从蝴蝶到大象都有。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空格处用非谓语动词,且空格处与其逻辑主语a large collection of wildlife之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作定语。【答案】C3.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph_(take).【答案】taken【解析】句意:我需要一个新护照,因此我得去让人给我照相。本句是have sth. done结构,意为“使

39、某事完成”。my photograph与take之间是被动关系,故用过去分词形式。Part 3强化集训【真题模测】单项选择/单句语法填空1.(2020江苏省高考真题)Technological innovations, _ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.Acombined withBcombining withChaving combined withDto be combined with2(2020天津高考真题)_ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested

40、 reading through our notes.ATo helpBhelpedChelpingDBeing helped3(2020天津高考真题)The dancers incredible performance had the audience on its feet _ for 10 minutes at the end of the show.Abeing clappedBclapCclappedDclapping4(2020天津高考真题)The local government doesnt have to sacrifice environmental protection

41、_ economic growth.Ato be promotedBbeing promotedCpromotingDto promote5(2020天津高考真题)_in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.AHaving completedBBeing completedCCompletedDCompleting6(2019江苏省高考真题)Chinas image is improving steadily, with

42、 more countries _ its role in international affairs.ArecognizingBbeing recognizedCto be recognizedDrecognized7(2019天津高考真题)Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially _ to help them succeed academically and personally.AdesignedBdesigningCto designDbeing designed8(2017北京高考真题)The nat

43、ional park has a large collection of wildlife, _ from butterflies to elephants.ArangingBrangeCto rangeDranged9(2016北京)_ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.AOrderingBTo orderCHaving orderedDOrdered10(2017北京) Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _ with his

44、 students.Ato spendBspendCspendingDspent11(2018天津高考真题)Mrs. Taylor went around the shops, _ what she thought was necessary.AorderedBorderingCto have orderedDhaving been ordered12(2018天津高考真题)There have been many advances in medicine in recent years. That means money _ for medical research has been wel

45、l spent.AusedBusingCto useDto be used13(2018天津)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_.Ataking BtakenCbeing taken DTake14.【2020全国新课标III】The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter. 15. 【2020全国新课标III】 69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduc

46、ed to tears. 【答案】1A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合,将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语:be combined with“与结合/联合”,本句中省略be动词,使用过去分词做状语。故选A。2A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助我们准备考试,老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知,老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试。故表目的,应用动词不定式。故选A。3D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演使观众站起来鼓掌达十分钟之久。该题中,have表示“使处于状态”。_ for 10 minutes作伴随状语,其逻辑主语the

47、audience和clap之间是主动关系,故用现在分词。故选D。4D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。通过分析句子成分并翻译语境可知,句中存在谓语doesnt have to sacrifice,空中需使用非谓语动词且表示目的性关系,因此使用动词不定式形式。故选D项。5C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼,它激发了全世界的想象力。句中谓语动词是inspired,此处用非谓语动词。主语theEmpireStateBuilding和动词complete是被动关系,用过去分词作状语。A项是现在分词的完成式,不表

48、被动。B项是doing的被动式。故选C。d在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。6A【解析】考查with复合结构。句意:中国的形象正在稳步提升,更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系,用现在分词,故选A。7A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:现在大多数大学都为一年级学生开设了一门课程,专门帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。a course和design之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词。故选A。8A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:国家公园有许多的野生动物,包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和ran

49、ge之间是逻辑主谓关系,应使用现在分词,表主动;句意表达的是一般事实,不是未发生的动作,不能用不定式。故选A。9D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的,现在随时有可能送到。books和order是动宾关系,即order the books/the books are ordered,故用过去分词表示被动和完成,在此相当于原因状语从句because they were ordered.,故选D。【点睛】分词作状语1. 分词作时间状语相当于when引导的时间状语从句;on doing sth. =as soon as sb. does sth.。2. 分词作原因状语相当于a

50、s,since,because引导的原因状语从句。3. 分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换,但是可以改写成并列句。4. 分词作条件状语相当于if, unless等引导的从句。常见的可表示条件的分词有given, supposing, considering, provided, compared with等。5. 分词作结果状语相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus,thereby,only等。6. 分词作让步状语相当于though或者even if等引导的让步状语从句。10D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:Jim已经退休了,但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句

51、子已经有了谓语,空格只能填非谓语动词,逻辑主语是time,和spend之间是被动关系,故用过去分词spent。故选D项。11B【解析】考查现在分词。句意:泰勒太太逛了商店,订购了她认为必要的东西。分析句子可知,Mrs. Taylor 与order在逻辑上是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故选B项。12A【解析】考查过去分词。句意:近年来医学取得了许多进展。这意味着用于医学研究的钱花得很值。分析句子可知,money与use在逻辑上是被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故选A项。13B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一个新护照,所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语,宾语my p

52、hotograph与补足语之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。点睛:本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候,首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分,找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语,再分析二者之间的关系,最后根据句意选择正确的答案。14.考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。15.考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the soft clo

53、uds69(surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。【典题模测】单项选择1The White Horse Temple, _ back to the Eastern Han Dynasty, has a history of more than 1,900 years.AdatesBdatedCdatingDto date2Could you please tell me how _ the word?AspellingBto spell

54、CspellsDspell3The key to _ peace is regular and honest communication through _ you can learn when to _ and when to ask your parents to relax their control.Akeep; which; back downBkeep; that; cheer upCkeeping; which; back downDkeeping; that; cheer up4When he saw a little boy _ in the river, he took o

55、ff his jacket and jumped into the water.AstrugglesBstrugglingCto struggleDstruggle5_ the difficult maths problem, she felt relieved.AWork outBWorked outCTo work outDHaving worked out6With the couple_in a nearby town, the house seems pretty empty most of the time.AworkBto workCworkingDworked7Teenager

56、s who are crazy about computer games are more likely than those who are not _ interest in study.AloseBto loseClosingDlost8_ upon his abundant experience in politics, Democratic presidential nominee (候选人) Joe Biden, was elected US president on the eighth, November 8, 2020, _ to carry out a sequence o

57、f sweeping reforms in the near future.ADrawn; predictingBDrawing; predictedCDrawn; is predictingDDrawing; is predicted9The student _ in the games on the MP4 didnt notice his teacher behind him.AabsorbingBwas absorbedCto absorbDabsorbed10With his attention _on the shops along the roadside, he knocked

58、 an old man down while riding to school.AconcentratingBconcentratedCto concentrateDbeing concentrated11I live in the house with its door_to the south.AfacingBfacesCfacedDbeing faced12If you apply yourself to _ about the problem, you will soon solve it.AthinkBbe thoughtCthinkingDhave thought13With hi

59、s attention _on the shop along the roadside, he knocked an old down while riding to school.AconcentratingBconcentratedCto concentrateDhaving concentrated14_ confidence and equipment, they failed to rescue the 42 miners trapped in the coal mine.ALack ofBLacking ofCLackingDHaving lacked15_ on Septembe

60、r 25, 2020, Leap, which focuses on the story of Chinese Women Volleyball Team, soon became a great hit.AReleasingBBeing releasedCTo releaseDReleased16When Tom got home he saw a note on the table _that dont be discouraged, everything will turn out well soon.AreadingBreadsCto readDread17When the girl

61、opened the window the next morning, she was excited to find the whole ground with snowAto coverBcoveringCcoveredDto be covered18You cant imagine what difficult we had _ home in the snowstormAfindBfoundCto findDfinding19The injured from the shock in the traffic accident are lying in the hospital at t

62、he momentAsufferingBsufferedCsufferDto suffer20Its getting dark, but there still are several boys basketball on the playgroundAplayingBplayedCto playDhaving played【答案】1C【详解】考查非谓语动词辨析。句意:白马寺始建于东汉,距今已有1900多年的历史。分析句子可知,date在句子中不作谓语,且与其逻辑主语The White Horse Temple是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式作状语。故选C项。2B【详解】考查“特殊疑问词+不定式

63、”结构。句意:你能告诉我这个词怎么拼吗?结合句意和句子结构可知,此处应用“how+不定式”作tell的直接宾语,how to spell“怎么拼写”符合语境。故选B。3C【详解】考查非谓语动词、定语从句和短语辨析。句意:保持平静的关键是经常和诚实的交流,通过这种交流你可以学会什么时候让步,什么时候让你的父母放松他们的控制。分析句子可知,the key to doing sth.为固定用法,意为“做某事的关键”,第一空需填动名词keeping,排除A项和B项;第二空引导定语从句,先行词communication作介词through的宾语,需用关系代词which引导;back down意为“让步”

64、,cheer up意为“振作起来”,结合语境,第三空需填back down。故选C。4B【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到一个小男孩在河里挣扎时,他脱下夹克跳进了水里。see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”,宾补doing表示动作在进行;see sb. do sth.则意为“看见某人做了某事”,宾补不带to不定式表示动作已完成。根据下文“他脱夹克跳进水里”说明动作在进行,故用现在分词作宾语补足语。故选B项。5D【详解】 考查现在分词。句意:算出这道很难的数学题以后,她感觉很放松。分析句子可知,动词短语work out作状语,与主语she构成主动关系,而且该动作发生在“f

65、elt relieved”之前,用现在分词的完成时,故选D。【点睛】6C【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这对夫妇在附近的城镇工作,所以房子看起来大部分时间都很空。此处为with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”,且couple与work构成主动关系,故应用现在分词作宾补。故选C。7B【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:对电脑游戏着迷的青少年比那些对学习不感兴趣的青少年更容易失去学习的兴趣。由句子结构可知,系动词are后不接动词原形,排除A项,主动语态,排除D项,不是现在进行时,排除C项,此处用be to do表将来,用动词不定式(to do)形式。故选B项。8B【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:凭借丰富的

66、政治经验,民主党总统候选人乔拜登于2020年11月8日当选美国总统,并预测在不久的将来将实施一系列彻底的改革。分析句子结构可知,句子主干是Joe Biden was elected US president.句中谓语动词是was elected,空处应该用非谓语动词。句中主语Joe Biden和动词draw是主动关系,第一空用现在分词drawing作状语。“预测”是be predicted to,此处作状语省去be,第二空用过去分词predicted。故选B。9D【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这个学生全神贯注地在看MP4上的游戏,没有注意到他身后的老师。分析句子结构可知,absorb在句中作非

67、谓语动词,absorb与student是逻辑动宾关系,应使用过去分词,作后置定语。故选D。10B【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他把注意力集中在路边的商店上,在骑车上学的时候撞倒了一位老人。concentrate与attention是逻辑动宾关系,且动作已经完成,不强调正在进行,应使用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选B。11A【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我住在门朝南的房子里。根据句子结构分析可知,句中使用了with的复合结构作定语,修饰限定名词the house,设空处为非谓语动词,其逻辑主语为its door,二者间为主动关系,因此用现在分词形式。故选A项。12C【详解】考查动名词。句意:如果你全

68、身心投入到这个问题上来,你很快就会解决了它。分析句子结构及根据句意可知,句中运用固定用法 apply oneself to doing something,意为“致力于做某事”。to为介词后接动名词。故选C项。13B【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:因为他的注意力集中在路边的商店上,骑车上学时撞倒了一个老人。介词with可以接复合宾语,可表示原因或伴随等,非谓语动词可以作宾补。concentrate“集中”为动词,和介词with的宾语his attention为被动关系,需用过去分词concentrated作宾补。故选B项。14C【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于缺乏信心和设备,他们未能营救出困在

69、煤矿里的42名工人。lack是及物动词,后面直接接宾语,they与lack之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作原因状语,非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词动作没有先后之分,所以用一般式,如果用lack of的话,缺少表示原因的介词,应该是for lack of。故选C。15D【详解】考查过去分词。句意:飞跃于2020年9月25日上映,主要讲述中国女排的故事,很快就成了热门影片。主句 Leap soon became a great hit已有谓语became,和动词release无连词连接,release用非谓语形式,动词release和主语Leap是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词表被动,作状语。故选

70、D项。16A【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:汤姆到家时,看到桌子上有一张纸条,上面写着:“不要泄气,一切都会很快好起来的。” a note和read之间是逻辑上的主动关系,因此用现在分词作后置定语做后置定语。故选A。17C【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,当女孩打开窗户时,她兴奋地发现整个地都被雪覆盖了。根据句意和结构可知这句话使用find+宾语+宾语补足语,ground和cover是动宾关系,用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选C。18D【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:你根本想象不出我们在暴风雪中找家有多么困难。题干中difficulty后接定语从句“we had _(find) home”;将先行词带入到定语从句,从句中有短语“have difficulty doing sth(做某事有困难)”;从句完整的表达为“we had difficulty finding home”。故选D。19A【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:遭受交通事故冲击的伤者们此刻躺在医院里。根据句意和结构可知这句话使用现在分词作定语修饰the injured,因为the injured和suffer是主动关系。故选A。20A【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:天渐渐黑了,但操场上仍有几个男孩在打篮球。根据句意和结构可知这句话使用现在分词作定语修饰several boys,因为boys和play是主动关系。故选A。

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