1、高考题型之二阅读理解阅读理解能力是高考考查的重点，它不仅仅涉及语音、语法、词汇这些语言因素，还涉及非语言因素，即阅读者对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、对所读材料内容的熟悉、个人经历、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等各方面。考试说明要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：1理解主旨和要义任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么(即文章的主题)，亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要
2、义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。2理解文中具体信息文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人员往往会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。3根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。但英语单词的含义并非完全等
3、同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。此外，阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。4作出简单判断和推理阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息，即作者所要传达的信息。在实际的阅读活动中，有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。5理解文章的基本结构英语文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章开
4、头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句可能在一段的开头，也可能在中间或末尾，作用是交代该段的中心思想，再由全段展开或讨论这个意思。各个段落通常由某些起连接作用的词语连接，以使文章行文连贯。如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。6理解作者的意图、观点和态度每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。由以上所述可知，解答高考阅读理解题，需要我们积累厚实的西方文化底
5、蕴，把握不同文体和题材的行文和结构特点、文章的宏观和微观以及由字面到深层的把握能力。请同学们分析以下近四年高考新课标试卷阅读理解的考查特色： 考查内容试卷类型题目类型文体类型总字数细节主旨推断词义人物叙事广告应用社会文化科普知识生态自然2016新课标甲71522111 556乙111211121 638丙71521121 5382015新课标905211111 544716111111 5452014新课标80611211 629814111111 5902013新课标906011111 5851112211111 495分析近四年的高考试题并结合该题型的命题规律可知，高考阅读理解试题有如下特
6、点：1内容生活化阅读理解所选的材料均来源于实际生活，涉及的内容也表现实际生活，强调语篇选材的真实性。2体裁多元化阅读理解所选的语段包括记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文，继续保持了体裁多样化的特点。选材多源于英文报刊和网络媒体，包括名人轶事、历史传说、民间故事、寓言、幽默小品、日常生活、新闻报道、社会背景、政治经济、史地常识、科普文章等各个方面的知识，并且具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点和浓厚的时代气息。材料综合地反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。3信息密集化试题语料含有较高的信息量。近年来阅读理解继续保持了较大的阅读量，要求考生准确而迅速地从特定语篇中有目
7、的地获取信息。阅读理解4个选篇都是以简约的语言负载高含量的信息。从语言运作的表层看，各段文字并不构成很大的理解困难，但是隐藏在表层结构下面的则是较复杂的信息，试题具有较高的区分度。4结构复杂化阅读理解的4个选篇的语篇结构都具有较大的复杂性。各篇或在时间顺序上，或在空间顺序上，或在逻辑推理上，均采用了较高级的组篇手段，这种来源于真实语料的作品同考生平时在课本中接受的清楚、明白的语段是很不一样的。5用词高级化高考对词汇运用的要求越来越高，活用词比比皆是。凡是能利用构词法知识判断出词性和词义的都不视为生词，不再给出汉语注释；纯超纲词汇也屡有出现；一词多义、熟词生义现象更是频繁出现。6设题创新化高考阅
8、读理解题在保持传统命题的基础上，也在不断地借鉴和创新大学英语的命题方式。结构型命题即是近两年高考阅读试题中全新的命题形式。这种命题侧重于对文章篇章结构和修辞(写作)手法以及例证、引用的功能的考查，是一种凌驾于信息阅读之上的更高难度的测试手段，较好地体现了“稳中有变，变中求新”的基本命题思路。根据对历年高考阅读理解题的命题规律分析，我们可以推断，2017年的高考阅读理解考查特点会呈现以下几个趋势：1对细节题的考查将呈现增多的趋势，而且题目将由简单的寻找信息转向多层次细节综合推理。2对于主旨大意的考查数量趋于平衡，几乎每年都有12小题，但解题时需考生对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳和推断，这一点在未
9、来高考中不会改变。3因推理题是阅读理解题中难度较大的一类，它最能考查学生的英语综合运用能力，因此题量会平稳增加，并且逻辑推理会有所增加。4词义猜测题虽不是阅读测试的重点，但也是常考题目，是对学生多方面综合能力的检测，因此今后的测试中也将保持平稳趋势，而且短语、句意的猜测也将列入其中。52017年可能会增加对观点态度题的考查，且答案通常会隐藏在文章中。要想顺利通过高考英语阅读理解部分，学生必须具备高中英语新课程标准规定要达到的词汇量和固定短语量，熟悉语法结构，拓宽知识面，熟悉各种题材和体裁的文章，提高阅读速度，提高通过阅读获取信息的能力。此外，在复习中，还应该注意以下几点：一、 速读全文，了解大
10、意知主题阅读的目的是获取信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。高考要求的阅读速度大约是每分钟60个词。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词(key words)、主题句(Topic Sentence)，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质，掌握文篇导读。阅读时读者没有必要研读全文，速读的诀窍在于浏览文章的内容提要、前言、标题、副标题、插图、表格、开头和结尾等部分，这样就可以把握文篇导读了。许多文章在第一段提出问题，在中间段落进行分析、例证，最后一段是归纳结论。抓主题句是快速掌握文篇导读的主要方法。二、详读细节，理顺思路与
11、脉络文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌，而是有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；议论文则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，运用“画图列表法”，勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。三、抓住主干，化解难句捕信息要实现快速、准确地理解文篇导读，就要学会抓句子的关键成分，即句子的主干成分，如主语、谓语和宾语，因为它们是传达信息的主要载体，其他成分，不论它有多么长，多么复杂，都是辅助成分。要说明的核心问题是，我们阅读英语文章时，一定要有
12、一个全局观念，从宏观上来把握文章，做到了这一点，我们面对各类文章的各类题型都能够从容应对。比如：Another element in the emergence of prodigies(神童), I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able nurture talent.只要我们抓住了“Element is society.”就可以得知，社会是神童出现的一个因素。四、熟知技巧，轻松应考走捷径分析历届阅读理解考题，可以发现命题者命制的考点是有一定规律的，且考点规律常与某种题型(主旨题、细节
13、题、逻辑题、观点态度题、词义题)相对应。如果考生掌握了这些规律，就能在第一遍快速阅读短文时，敏锐地捕捉到考点并能预测可能会出的题型。下面，将这些考点的规律及对应题型归纳如下：考点规律(1)举例子、打比喻处常考为了使自己的观点更有说服力、更加明确，作者经常用具体的例子打比方，句中常由as, such as, for example, for instance等引导的短语或句子作为举例句，这些例句或比喻成为命题者提问的焦点。考生需注意的是例子或比喻一般是和文章或段落中心紧密相关的，常以“细节事实型”题型和“推断型”题型出现，但偏倾于“推断型”题型。考点规律(2)引用人物论断处常考作者为了正确表达出
14、自己的观点或使论点更有依据，常常引用某名人的论断或重要发现等。命题者常在此做文章，多以“推理型”题为主，有时也出“细节事实性”题型。考点规律(3)转折处与对比处常考一般而言，转折后的内容常常是语义的重点，命题者常对转折处的内容进行提问。转折一般通过however, but, yet, in fact等词或短语来引导。对比常由unlike, until, not so much.as等词或短语引导。命题者常对用来对比的双方的属性进行考查。比如文章中说甲具有X属性，但乙与甲不同，问乙有何属性？答曰：非X属性。此类考点常出现在逻辑推理型题中，少数出现于其他题型中。考点规律(4)复杂句式处常考复杂句常
15、是命题者出题之处，包括同位语、插入语、定语、长句后半句，以及从句、不定式、副词等。命题者主要考查考生句子之间的指代关系，对文章段落之间的关系的理解，常以逻辑推理题型出现，包括少量其他题型。考点规律(5)因果句处常考命题者常以文中的因果句命制一些考查文中两个事件内在的因果关系的试题，或出些概括文意、段意的试题。一般以“推理型”题型和“主旨大意型”题型出现，兼顾少量其他题型。表示因果关系的词有：because, since, for, as, therefore, consequently, result in, originate from 等。考点规律(6)特殊标点符号处常考由于特殊标点符号后
16、的内容是对前面内容的进一步解释和说明，因此命题者常以标点符号后的内容进行提问。具体来说，特殊标点符号包括：破折号(表解释)；括号(表解释)；冒号(表解释)；引号(表引用)。题型一般有推理题、主旨大意题、细节事实题等。考点规律(7)段首、段尾句处常考在文章中第一段首句或末段末句往往是文章中心思想的表达处；有时某一段的段首、段尾句是该段的主题句。因此，命题者常在这些地方出题。题型基本上属主旨大意型。考点规律(8)最高级与绝对性词汇处常考文中若出现must, all, only, anyone, always, never等绝对性词汇，或形容词与副词的最高级形式，往往是考点所在处，一般出“细节型问题
17、”。因为这些地方概念绝对、答案唯一，无论是命题还是答题，都不会产生歧义。以上分析基本上概括了历届阅读理解题考点常考处及其对应题型。考生掌握了这些规律，在读文章时，就要在这些考点常出现的地方做些记号。阅读完毕后，这些做记号的地方基本上就是出题的地方。然后再对照后面的题目，一一找到相对应的考点，再逐一做题。这样就避免做一题，看一下整个段落，甚至全文，从而节省了时间。专题一阅读理解之细节理解题【写作话题】高考24话题之(一)：计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Stephen暑假要来你家玩三天，请给他写一封电子邮件，告诉他这三天你为他所做的安排。语法填空语
18、法改错I am glad_you will spend three days in my home in the_(come) summer vacation._the first day, you will_ (show) around our city to visit some places of interest.My family is all happy to have you with us.The following is that we have arranged for you during the three days.You will enjoy local opera
19、 and taste variety of snacks, that I believe will impress you deep.范文背诵Dear Stephen, I am glad that you will spend three days in my home in the coming summer vacation.My family are all happy to have you with us.The following is what we have arranged for you during the three days.On the first day, yo
20、u will be shown around our city to visit some places of interest.On the second day, you will enjoy local opera and taste varieties of snacks, which I believe will impress you deeply.During the last day, my family will hold a party for you and you can learn many traditional customs during the party.W
21、e have prepared a special gift for you, which we all think you will like very much.Looking forward to your early coming.自主空间根据范文画线部分仿写下面情景：终于有机会去度假了，我们都很兴奋。_我打算给我母亲买一件裙子作为生日礼物，这，我想，她一定会喜欢的。Im going to buy my mother a dress as a birthday gift, _.【自主诊断】语法填空：that；comingOn；be shown 语法改错：is改为arethat改为wha
22、tvariety改为varieties；that改为which自主空间：We all felt excited to have got a chance to take a holiday.which I think my mother will surely like限时15分钟A(2016新课标乙卷)You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the
23、 most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(18601935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need
24、.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(19071964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals o
25、n humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor(1930present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and, in 1981, the first woman to join
26、the US.Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(19132005)On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set of
27、f the Montgmery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civilrights movement.“The only tired I was, was tired of giving in，” said Parks.语篇解读本文是人物介绍文。文章主要介绍了几位著名的女性先驱，她们在各自的领域做出了非凡的贡献。1What is Jane Addams noted for in history?AHer social work.BHer lack of proper training in law
28、.CHer efforts to win a prize.DHer community background.解析细节理解题。题干的关键词是Jane Addams，问的是：因为什么而闻名？带着关键词找到第二段，本段介绍Jane Addams的主要事迹。根据第一句“Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.”我们可以推知，Jane Addams从事于social work。根据第二句“Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She enco
29、uraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.”可知Addams的事迹是“帮助穷人”、“争取和平”、“鼓励社区意识”等，这些事迹可归纳出一个共同点，即：社会性工作。故选A。答案A2What is the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?AHer lack of proper training in law.BHer little work experienc
30、e in court.CThe discrimination against women.DThe poor financial conditions.解析细节理解题。此题考查因果关系，也是高考阅读理解细节信息题中最常见的。关键词是“OConnor”和“rejected”，问的是为什么被拒绝在法律事务所工作？备用选项是原因。我们在第三段中找到与题干意义相同的部分“.she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.”其原因自然是“因为她是女性而被法律公司拒绝录用”。故选C。答案C3Who made a great con
31、tribution to the civilrights movement in the US?AJane Addams.BRachel Carson.CSandra Day OConnor. DRosa Parks.解析细节理解题。解答这道题，需要我们通读全文，对四位女性的事迹进行比较分析，找到各自不同的工作领域。题干的关键词是“civilrights”，这个关键词在第五段中的“It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civilrights movement.”找到，由此推知Rosa Parks对民权运动做出了贡献。故选D。答案D
32、4What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?AThey are highly educated.BThey are truly creative.CThey are pioneers.DThey are peacelovers.解析推理判断题。根据文意对这几个人物的介绍可知，这些女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出贡献的先驱。故选C。答案CB(2016新课标甲卷)A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank
33、 Hurleys pictures would be outstanding-undoubtedly firstrate photojournalism-if they had been made last week.In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in a
34、n ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegianbuilt threemaster that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarcticas Weddell Sea.From tha
35、t point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇)across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline A
36、lexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scotts last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the worlds imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton, a one
37、time British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, mos
38、t of which have never before been published.语篇解读本文属于记叙文。讲述了Frank的图片记录了一次不成功的航海活动，文章介绍了与这次航海活动相关的具体内容。5What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?AThey were made last week.BThey showed undersea sceneries.CThey were found by a cameraman.DThey recorded a disastrous adventure.解析细节理解题。题干问的是：关于Hurle
39、y的图片，我们了解到了什么？关键词是“the photos taken by Hurley”，按照文章的自然段落顺序，我们在第二段找到这些关键词。尤其是第二段第二句“they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck.”可知这些照片记录的是1914年左右发生的一次海难事故。故D项正确。答案D6Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?AFrank Hurley. BErnest Shackleton.CRobert F
40、alcon Scott. DCaroline Alexander.解析细节理解题。题干问：是谁首先到达过南极的？题干中没有特殊的关键词，按照自然段落的顺序，我们在第三段中找到相关内容，仔细阅读这一段，我们发现最后一句“Captain Scott had reached the South Pole.”点明了答案，这句话中的过去完成时对于判断最佳答案也有帮助作用，由此可知首先到达南极的是Captain Scott。故最佳答案是C项。答案C7What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?AArtistic creation
41、. BScientific research.CMoney making. DTreasure hunting.解析细节理解题。题干问：Alexander认为1914年的南极航行的目的是什么？关键词是“Alexander”，带着这个关键词，在最后一段找到“As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.”由此可知，Alexander认为即
42、使是The Endurance航行去南极那个时代，冒险完全是一种商业性的行为；再根据文章倒数第二句“Shackleton, a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.”可知Alexander认为他的这次航行就是为了挣钱。故C项正确。答案C文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需
43、要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接的辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：1一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。这类题属于浅层次的阅读试题，难度小，区分度小，所以这类试题在未来高考中出现率极少甚至没有。2语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达这类题。这类题属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。例如第2题中的题干中的wa
44、s rejected是对原文中“could not find work”的语义转换；最佳选项C.The discrimination against women.是对“because she was a woman”的变式解释。3语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。这类题属于较高难度的事实细节题，区分度很大。例如第3题，我们只有通过全文对四位伟大女性不同的贡献领域进行分析比较才能选出符合题干要求的最佳答案。【设问角度】细节理解题的主要设问方式有：1特定疑问句形式。以w
45、hen, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。如：What can we learn about.from the passage?What is the reason that.?What do we know about.?How did.?Why was/did.?2以“A(a)ccording to.”开头或结尾的提问形式。如：Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?【选项特点】1最佳选项的特征(1)同义替换。对原文句子的关键词进行同义替换。有时候词性或
46、语态有所变化。把原文的一些词变换一下词性，如把important改成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，即：主动语态与被动语态的转换。(2)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。比如第1题中的选项A.Her social work.是对原文“Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.”的一个
47、简化归纳。(3)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而为最佳选项。2干扰选项的特征(1)颠倒黑白错误。选项中的事件、人物、时间和地点与原文的相关信息明显相悖。例如第5题中的A项“They were made last week”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据第二段第一句“Frank Hurleys pictures.undoubtedly firstrate photojournalismif they had been made last week.”可知“如果这些照片是上周所拍，那么就会是一流的。”实际上这些照片是1914年左右拍摄的。说明A项明显错误。(2)张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点
48、与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。例如第3题中的A.Jane Addams，B.Rachel Carson和C.Sandra Day OConnor.都属于“张冠李戴”错误。(3)偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。(4)无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。例如第7题中的D.Treasure hunting 虽然符合常识，但在文中并没有相关
49、的信息。【解题策略】细节理解题主要的答题策略有：(1)细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。(2)变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述。命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。(3)多点归纳，综合事实找答案。细
50、节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地做出结论。限时15分钟AMusic(2016新课标丙卷)Opera at Music Hall：1243 Elm Street.The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September.The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts.Phone：2412742.ht
51、tp：/.Chamber Orchestra：The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June.Call 7231182 for more information.http：/.Symphony Orchestra：At Music Hall and Riverbend.For ticket sales, call 3813300.Regular season runs September through May at Mu
52、sic Hall in summer at Riverbend.http：/www.symphony.org/home.asp.College Conservatory of Music(CCM)：Performances are on the main campus(校园)of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater.CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the wellknown LaSalle Quartet, CCMs Philharmon
53、ic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music.Students with ID.cards can attend the events for free.A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 5564183.http：/www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar.Riverbend Music Theater：6295 Kell
54、ogg Ave.Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover(price difference)Big name shows all summer long! Phone: 2326220.http：/.语篇解读该文是一篇广告类短文。共介绍了五个与音乐有关的活动，包括举办的地点，举办时间，活动内容和联系方式等。1Which number should you call if you want to see an opera?A2412742.B7231182.C3813300. D2326220.解析细节理解题。根据“Oper
55、a”定位到第一个活动，第一个活动的联系电话是2412742，故选A。答案A2When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?AFebruary. BMay.CAugust. DNovember.解析细节理解题。根据“Chamber Orchestra”定位到第二个活动，根据“which offers several concerts from March through June”可知，活动举办时间是36月，故选B。答案B3Where can students go for free performances with their ID. c
56、ards?AMusic Hall.BMemorial Hall.CPatricia Cobbett Theater.DRiverbend Music Theater.解析细节理解题。根据“with their ID. cards”定位到第四个活动中的“Students with ID. cards can attend the events for free.”，根据“usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater”可知答案，故选C。答案C4How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?AI
57、t has seats in the open air.BIt gives shows all year round.CIt offers membership discounts.DIt presents famous musical works.解析推理判断题。根据“Riverbend Music Theater”定位到最后一个活动，根据“Large outdoor theater with the closest seats”可知，Riverbend Music Theater是一个露天剧院，不同的座位，其价格也是不同的，由此可知，Riverbend Music Theater的座位是在
58、室外的；根据“all summer long”排除B；根据第一个活动排除C；根据第四个活动排除D。故选A。答案AB(2016湖南师大附中、长沙一中、长郡中学、雅礼中学四校联考)I always figured that comedians were the best kind of people to hang around with as a kid.They tell funny stories, make joke after joke, and happiness seems never to leave them.But time goes on, and we come to se
59、e these same people as clowns on the outside, but crying a river in the inside.Comedy from these people comes from a deep pain and sadness in their lives, or out of a deepseated anger they have at the world around them.Look at Richard Pryor, need I say more？Richard seemed to have everything.For Supe
60、rman ， he ended up getting more money than Christopher Reeve did.Yet he said while he was in his forties that the last truly happy moment he remembered in his life was when he was jumping around in the dirt while pretending to be a cowboy at the age of 10.This guy set himself on fire, and he played
61、that for laugh while performing live at the Sunset Strip！Comedy was his constant weapon against pain, and he never held anything back.The movie Funny People understand very well this gloomy field many comedians have to survive in.It stars Adam Sandler as George Simmons, a famous comedian in the movi
62、e.Simmons has it all: a beautiful mansion overlooking the sea, a swimming pool, great cars, and so on.But in his eyes, we see that he is a sad man who has come to truly look down upon himself for what he has become.All the wealth he has collected only serves to separate him from the rest of the worl
63、d and it makes him defensive when around total strangers who cannot see him as a normal person.But now, he hears from his doctor that he has a terminal disease and has only months left to live.Simmons reacts to this news as if someone took away his blood in the heart, and it makes him clearly see ju
64、st how much he hates his life.So now he has to make every minute count.Then come a series of funny stories.Comedy_is_just_life_as_it_is,_isnt_it?语篇解读本文是一篇社会文化类议论文。喜剧的背后是悲伤的升华，Richard Pryor和George Simmons的表述更加证实了这点。5What can we infer about “comedians” according to the text?AComedians like to get alon
65、g with kids.BComedians life is full of jokes.CComedians often use their sad experience.DComedians often cry in their daily life.解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Comedy from these people comes from a deep pain and sadness in their lives, or out of a deepseated anger they have at the world around them.”可知喜剧人的喜剧来自他们生
66、活中的痛苦或是愤怒，由此可知C项正确，即喜剧来自他们的痛苦经历。答案C6When was the happiest moment for Richard Pryor?AWhen he played the part of Superman .BWhen he got more money than Christopher Reeve.CWhen he pretended to be a cowboy in the childhood.DWhen he performed live at the Sunset Strip.解析细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet he said while he wa
67、s in his forties that the last truly happy moment he remembered in his life was when he was jumping around in the dirt while pretending to be a cowboy at the age of 10.”可知，40多岁时他说，生命中最快乐的日子是10岁时扮演牛仔的时候，所以C项正确。答案C7Why was George Simmons unhappy?AHe had no friends at all.BHe spent too much on his hous
68、e.CHe wasnt accepted by the outside world.DHe was hated by all the strangers around.解析细节理解题。根据第三段“All the wealth he has collected only serves to separate him from the rest of the world and it makes him defensive when around total strangers who cannot see him as a normal person.”可知西蒙和外界隔离了，他始终对陌生人有一种
69、防卫感，其他人也没有把他看作正常人，所以他不开心，故C项正确。答案C8By saying “Comedy is just life as it is, isnt it？”， the author means_.Alife like comedy will make you happyBcomedy comes from the sadness in real lifeCthere is no happiness at all in real lifeDlife is full of comedy in reality解析推理判断题。文意从一开始就说喜剧的背后是悲伤的升华，并通过2个例子来证明。
70、作者认为喜剧人的生活是充满了很多痛苦的，故最后这句“Comedy is just life as it is, isnt it？”是在总结他的观点，即选B项。答案B专题滚动检测(一)(限时：30分钟阅读理解4篇)A(2016河南重点中学第二次适应性考试)This is a true story from Guyana.One day, a boy took a piece of paper from a box.He made a paper ball and pushed it into his nose.He couldnt get it out.He ran crying to his
71、mother.His mother couldnt get the paper out, either.A week later, the paper was still in the boys nose.His nose began to have a bad smell.So his mother took the boy to a hospital.The doctor looked up at the childs nose, but she couldnt get the paper out.She said she had to cut the boys nose to get t
72、he paper out.The boys mother came home looking sad.She didnt want her child to have his nose cut.The next day she took the boy to her friend Sidney who lived in a house with an old lady called May.May wanted to see the child, so the child let her look up his nose.“Yes, I can see it，” May said.“It wi
73、ll be out soon.”As she spoke, she shook some black pepper(胡椒粉)on the childs nose.The child gave a mighty sneeze and the paper flew out.His mother was surprised.May told his mother to take the boy to the seaside for a swim, for the salt water would go up his nose and stop the bad smell.So the lucky b
74、oy didnt have to go to the hospital to have his nose cut.语篇解读本文属于记叙文，讲述了 May使用胡椒粉帮助一个把纸球放进鼻子里的小男孩取出发臭的纸球的故事。1After the boy pushed a paper ball into his nose, _.Ahe took it outBhis mother took it outChe tried to take it out but failedDhe did nothing but cry解析细节理解题。根据第一段第2、3、4句“One day, a boy took a p
75、iece of paper from a box.He made a paper ball and pushed it into his nose.He couldnt get it out.”可知这个小男孩把纸球捂进鼻子以后无法取出来。故C正确。答案C2Which of the following is TRUE?AThe doctor helped to take the paper ball out of the boys nose.BThe boy had to have his nose cut at last.CThe boys mother found some black pe
76、pper to solve the problem.DMay succeeded in taking the paper out.解析细节理解题。根据第五段第1、2句“As she spoke, she shook some black pepper(胡椒粉)on the childs nose.The child gave a mighty sneeze and the paper flew out.”可知May给小男孩闻了胡椒粉，小男孩打了一个很有力的喷嚏。这个喷嚏让纸球从鼻子里出来了。故D正确。答案D3The boy should be taken to the seaside for
77、a swim because_.Ahe needed to learn to swimBthe sea water would wash out the paper ballCthe sea water would stop the bad smell of his noseDhe needed a rest解析细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“May told his mother to take the boy to the seaside for a swim, for the salt water would go up his nose and stop the bad smell.”
78、可知May要求男孩的妈妈带男孩去海边游泳，是因为海水可以消除他鼻子的异味。故C正确。答案CB(2016江西师大附中、鹰潭一中联考)The Royal Mint has chosen Beatrix Potters thieving Peter Rabbit as the first character from childrens literature ever to appear on a UK coin.Peter, pictured in the blue jacket that he is forced to abandon in the garden of Mr McGregor w
79、hen he is caught stealing vegetables, is captured on a special, coloured edition of a 50p coin available from now.The Royal Mint, which described Peter as “the most recognizable of Potters creations, and one of the most cherished from childrens literature”， will release uncoloured versions of the co
80、in in change later this year.Three more of Potters characters will also be committed to currency later this year, as part of celebrations marking 150 years since the childrens authors birth.The images have been created by coin designer Emma Noble, who said it was “amazing to be given the opportunity
81、 to work with such famous and treasured literary characters”Potters The Tale of Peter Rabbit, featuring Peter and his betterbehaved siblings(兄弟姐妹)Flopsy, Mopsy and Cottontail, was the first of her stories to be published, released in 1902 by Frederick Warne & Co.Potter would go on to follow it with
82、a series of muchloved stories which remain popular today, from The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin to The Tale of Jemima PuddleDuck.语篇解读本文属于新闻报道。文章讲述了作家Beatrix Potter的儿童文学中的人物被选为英国货币图案发行。4Which character from childrens literature can be found on the UK coin?AJemima PuddleDuckBSquirrel NutkinCFlopsy, Mopsy a
83、nd CottontailDPeter Rabbit解析细节推理题。根据第一段“The Royal Mint has chosen Beatrix Potters thieving Peter Rabbit as the first character from childrens literature ever to appear on a UK coin.”可知儿童文学中的人物Peter Rabbit被选为英国货币图案，故选D。答案D5According to the passage, the coins will be released by the Royal Mint to_.Ace
84、lebrate the 150th anniversary of the birth of Beatrix PotterBcelebrate the 150th anniversary of the birth of Peter RabbitCcelebrate the first publication of The Tale of Peter RabbitDpromote the sales of Beatrix Potters works解析细节推理题。根据第三段“Three more of Potters characters will also be committed to cur
85、rency later this year, as part of celebrations marking 150 years since the childrens authors birth.”可知这些图案货币的发行是庆祝儿童作家Beatrix Potter 150年诞辰活动的部分内容，故选A。答案A6Which of the following statements is true?APeter Rabbit is one of the most recognized literary characters in UK.BThe Tale of Peter Rabbit mainly
86、features his betterbehaved siblings.CIt was Emma Noble who created Peter Rabbit, the famous literary character.DUncoloured versions of the Peter Rabbit coin are available now.解析正误判断题。根据第二段“The Royal Mint, which described Peter as the most recognizable of Potters creations, and one of the most cheris
87、hed from childrens literature”，可知 Peter Rabbit 被认为是英国儿童文学中最被认可的人物形象之一，故选A。答案A7Where is this passage probably taken from?AAn autobiography.BA childrens book.CA travel guide. DA news report.解析推理判断题。文章讲述了作家Beatrix Potter的儿童文学中的人物被选为英国货币图案发行，这不属于自传、儿童书籍，也不属于旅游指导，而属于新闻报道。故选D。答案DC(2016焦作市一模)Online purchas
88、es have soared during the Chinese New Year holiday.Its the dead of winter in Shanghai.Delivery man Liu Jia and his colleagues start the day when most of people are still asleep.Working at a distribution point of a shopping website in Shanghai, they promise to deliver products within three hours of a
89、n order being placed.“I buy most of my grocery online, especially the heavy items.Its convenient and cheap compared to the supermarket in my neighborhood，” Customer Chen Hong said.Orders such as these have increased for the New Year, forcing Liu Jia to work around the clock.“The orders are usually r
90、ice, laundry detergent(洗涤剂), tissue paper and snacks, mostly food and articles for everyday use，” Liu Jia said.According to an industry report, Chinas B2C(Business to Customer)online sales are growing at an annual rate of 25 percent.Competition between online giants like Taobao and Jingdong is now f
91、iercer than ever.“The essence of online shopping is that customers can buy products easily.So the competition is about：firstly, the range of products；secondly, the depth under each category of products；third, the price and user experience，” Pan Biao, vice president of YHD.com, said.Ecommerce is one
92、of Chinas fastest growing sectors.Its changed peoples buying habits, and even their living habits.And its had a huge impact on the retail industry.To make online shopping more convenient, major sites are investing heavily to build payment systems and logistics(物流)networks.On average, a retailer now
93、can deliver goods to the majority of cities within 3 days, and to towns and more remote areas in the country within a week.“Competition will produce a number of good companies, making better products and services that customers need.In the field of Ecommerce, we are leading the world in terms of pro
94、ducts, services and industry development，” Liu Yinbin, associate professor with Dept of Information Management, Shanghai University, said.Experts also say customers are increasingly making their online purchases from mobile devices, opening up vast new opportunities and competition for retailers.语篇解
95、读本文主要介绍了在中国传统节日春节期间网上购物急剧增加这一现象。8All of the following about Liu Jia is true EXCEPT that_.Ahe works as an online store owner in ShanghaiBhe has to work around the clock to deliver so many productsChe starts working when most of people are still asleepDhe must deliver products within three hours of an
96、 order being placed解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“Delivery man Liu Jia and his colleagues start the day when most of people are still asleep.”可知Liu Jia是一名快递员工，而不是店商老扳，故选项A正确。答案A9The possible meaning of the underlined word “essence” in Paragraph 3 is_.Away BadvantageCresult Dinfluence解析词义猜测题。后句“customers can buy pro
97、ducts easily”提到消费者可以更容易买到产品，故advantage意为“优点”，可知答案选B。答案B10What can we learn from the passage?AChen Hong buys most of her electronic products online.BPan Biao encourages retailers to open up new chances.CChinas B2C online sales are growing at a rate of 25 percent.DLiu Yinbin thinks competition will he
98、lp make better products and services.解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Competition will produce a number of good companies, making better products and services that customers need.”一句可知Liu Yinbin认为竞争是有好处的，故答案B正确。答案D11Which of the following can be the best topic of the passage?ACustomers like buying mobile devices.BOn
99、line shopping increases rapidly for Chinese New Year.CMost customers buy food and articles for everyday use.DTaobao and Jingdong are competing fiercely.解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了在中国传统节日春节期间网上购物急剧增加这一现象。答案BD(2016深圳第二次调研)Who is smarter？A human being or artificial intelligence(人工智能)?The question swept the
100、world last week when a Googledeveloped program called AlphaGo defeated the world top player, South Korean Lee Sedel, 41.So, what comes next?Some people have been arguing that artificial intelligence, or AI in short, will be a bad thing for humans.In an interview with the BBC in 2014, UK scientist St
101、ephen Hawking warned that “the development of full artificial intelligence could mean the end of the human race.”So are we really about to live in the world shown in the Terminator movies?“Not quite，” answered The Economist.After all, its not hard to get a computer program to remember and produce fa
102、cts.What is hard is getting computers to use their knowledge in everyday situations.“We think that, for the human being, things like sight and balance(视觉平衡), are natural and ordinary in our life.” Thomas Edison, founder of Motion Figures, a company that is bringing AI to boys, told the newspaper.“Bu
103、t for a robot, to walk up and down just like human beings requires various decisions to be made every second, and its really difficult to do.”As The Economist put it, “We have a long way to go before AI can truly begin to be similar to the human brain, even though the technology can be great.”Meanwh
104、ile, John Markoff of The New York Times said that researchers should build artificial intelligence to make people more effective.“Our_fate_is_in_our_own_hands，” he wrote.“Since technology depends on the values of its creators, we can make human choices that use technology to improve the world.”语篇解读本
105、文属于议论文，自从AlphaGo打败了李世石以后，人们就一直在讨论人工智能是否可以真正地打败人类。文章中阐述了不同人的不同的观点。12What was the result of the match?ALee Sedel won AlphaGo 41.BLee Sedel was defeated.CGoogle program beat AlphaGo.DNeither side won the match.解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The question swept the world last week when a Googledeveloped program called
106、AlphaGo defeated the world top player, South Korean Lee Sedel, 41.”可知AlphaGo以四比一的比分战胜了李世石。也就是说李世石被打败了。故B正确。答案B13What does Thomas Edison possibly mean in his remarks.AIts very hard for AI to beat the human brain.BAI would take the place of human beings.CAI can make various decisions quickly.DAI does
107、better than humans in sight and balance.解析推理判断题。根据第七段首句“We think that, for the human being, things like sight and balance(视觉平衡), are natural and ordinary in our life.”和尾句“But for a robot, to walk up and down just like human beings requires various decisions to be made every second, and its really di
108、fficult to do.”可知他认为像步行这样对人类来说很简单的事情，对人工智能来说很难。可以推理出人工智能要想真正战胜人类大脑会很困难。故A正确。答案A14Who believes much has to be done to improve AI?AStephen Hawking. BJohn Markoff.CThe New York Times. DThe Economist.解析推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“As The Economist put it, We have a long way to go before AI can truly begin to be simi
109、lar to the human brain, even though the technology can be great.”可知经济学家认为人工智能能和人脑相匹敌还有很长的路要走，也就是说还有很多需要提高的地方。故D项正确。答案D15What does the underlined part in the last paragraph imply?AAI will improve the world completely.BAI is in the control of human beings.CAI may bring disasters to human beings.DAI will make our future out of control.解析句意理解题。根据最后一句“Since technology depends on the values of its creators, we can make human choices that use technology to improve the world.”技术要依靠创造者的价值观，我们可以做出选择来让技术改善我们的世界。也就是说人工智能还是由人类来决定的。故B正确。答案B