1、增分强化练(十四)阅读理解2阅读七选五语法填空(限时35分钟).阅读理解AFrom the cold Arctic to the African plains, every society seems to have some form of music as part of their culture.Music is so common and widespread that most people dont even question it anymore.But until recently, there were researchers who doubted it: How cou
2、ld we know that music was really a part of all known societies?Now, Harvard researchers, Samuer Mehr and Manvir Singh, have found further evidence to support the argument.They gathered music from different countries, media and time periods, and collected descriptions of many different pieces of musi
3、c.Rather than focusing on music first and then looking at where it could be found, they started by studying a record of detailed descriptions of more than three hundred known global societies, and found that all of them have music as part of their culture.To see if people could recognize the functio
4、ns of songs from around the world, the researchers also created a listening experiment in which people tried to guess the behavioral context of a song.This went surprisingly well.Particularly music that was intended for dancing or to calm a baby was easy to recognize as either dance music or lullabi
5、es.Love songs were a bit more difficult to qualify, because they tend to be very diverse even within cultures.This systematic study of connections sounds like the way that researchers in other fields would study biological patterns.“Theres a field known as cultural phylogenetics，” says Singh.Whereas
6、 biological characteristics are only received from parent to child, cultural characteristics (like music) are also shared between people of the same generation.That makes it much more difficult to figure out where the characteristic has come from.“Finally，” Singh says, “We still dont know why music
7、developed gradually.Our study shows that humans everywhere share cognitive mechanisms (认知机制) that make certain sounds seem appropriate in particular contexts.” 语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。文章揭示了世界上音乐的共同特征，研究人员通过研究发现在全球三百多个社会群体中都发现音乐作为了他们文化的一部分。从生物遗传特征来讲还是无法弄清楚对音乐认知的特征来自哪里，但人类共有的认知机制能够在特定的环境(如人类社会各种活动)中赋予音乐生命力，所以，世界
8、各地的音乐还是拥有共同的特点，同时成为各种文化不可或缺的组成部分。1What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 1 refer to?AThe fact that music is part of every culture.BThe question whether music is widely spread.CThe doubt whether further research has been done.DThe idea that Africa and the Arctic have cool music.解析：代词指代题。根据第一段第
9、一句“From the cold Arctic to the African plains, every society seems to have some form of music as part of their culture.”可知，每个社会群体似乎都把某种音乐形式当作自己文化的一个部分，由此推断代词it指代音乐是每种文化的一部分这一事实。故选A。答案：A2What did Mehr and Singh do first?AThey found out further evidence.BThey studied various societies.CThey sought the
10、 origins of music.DThey focused mainly on music.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Rather than focusing on music first and then looking at where it could be found, they started by studying a record of detailed descriptions of more than three hundred known global societies”可知，Mehr和Singh首先做的事情是研究全球三百多个已知社会群体详细描述的记录。故选
11、B。答案：B3Whats the purpose of the listening experiment?ATo comfort a baby.BTo pick out love songs.CTo create a context.DTo tell functions of songs.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“To see if people could recognize the functions of songs from around the world, the researchers also created a listening experiment”可知，听乐辨
12、析实验的目的是看人们能否对世界各地的音乐功能加以辨别。故选D。答案：D4What is the main idea of the text?AMusic shapes societies in different cultures.BGlobal music shares common characteristics.CMusical systems display cultural differences.DMulticulture is based on biological patterns.解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，实验中，虽然爱情乐曲稍难辨认，很难弄清楚同一代人之间共有的文化特
13、征(如音乐)来自何处，也不知道为什么音乐得以逐渐发展，但人类共有的认知机制能够在特定的环境(如人类社会各种活动)中赋予音乐生命力，所以，世界各地的音乐自然拥有共同的特点，即能够长期依附于各种社会群体的各种活动、同时成为各种文化不可或缺的组成部分。选项B具有很好的概括性和针对性。故选B。答案：BBModern agriculture and its ability to feed billions of people may be one of humanitys greatest achievements.However it comes with hidden costs.For examp
14、le, have you ever considered how much water is needed to provide you with a steak or a salad? It may surprise you.In a recent study published in the journal Nutrients, scientists from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization(CSIRO)，Australias national science organization, to
15、ok a close look at the diets of 9,341 adult Australiansspecifically, their “waterscarcity footprints (水消耗足迹)”It turns out that a sweet tooth not only adds to our waistlines but also stresses our water resources.The waterscarcity footprint is a widely recognized measurement of water consumption.First
16、, it counts the liters of water you used.Then, it looks at the place where the water was used.Using a liter of water in the desert is not the same as using a liter of water in a tropical rainforest.The more scarce water is in your area, the larger your waterscarcity footprint.The scientists found th
17、at the average Australians diet had a waterscarcity footprint of 362 liters per day.Snacks and beveragescookies, cakes, sodas and alcoholaccounted for 25 percent of the waterscarcity footprint.The research also included a glass of wine (41 liters), a single serving of potato chips (23 liters), and a
18、 small bar of milk chocolate (21 liters)Not surprisingly, cutting down on snacks would be the top priority if you wanted to lower your own waterscarcity footprint.Earths surface is 70 percent water, but only 2.5 percent of that can be used for drinking or farming.While humanity faces an uphill battl
19、e to feed its growing population, climate change is causing droughts and extreme weather in agricultural centers like California and eastern Australia.Cities arent safe, either.In 2018, Cape Town, South Africa, nearly ran out of water due to a drought.Its freshwater reservoir (储藏) stayed at just abo
20、ve 13.5 percent of full capacity.By 2030, a world of about 8.6 billion people will need 35 percent more water, 40 percent more energy, and 50 percent more food, according to the United States National Intelligence Council.So, we need to watch what we eat, not just for our personal health but for the
21、 health of our societies. 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们所吃的零食会造成的水资源消耗的现象。所以，我们需要关注我们的饮食，不仅是为了我们的个人健康，也是为了我们社会的健康。5Scientists find from their studies that _.Amodern agriculture has the ability to feed billions of peopleBa steak or a salad consumes much waterCa sweet tooth puts pressure on water resourcesDsnac
22、ks consume 85 liters of water per day解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“It turns out that a sweet tooth not only adds to our waistlines but also stresses our water resources.(结果发现，吃甜食不仅会增加我们的腰围，而且会对我们的水资源造成压力)”可知，科学家从研究中发现爱吃甜食会给水资源带来压力。故选C项。答案：C6What is the publics attitude to the waterscarcity footprint as a way to me
23、asure water consumption?ADoubtful.BApproving.CNegative. DIndifferent.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“The waterscarcity footprint is a widely recognized measurement of water consumption.(水消耗足迹是一种公认的水资源消耗测量方法)”可知，公众对以水消耗足迹作为衡量水资源消耗的方法是持支持态度的。故选B项。答案：B7The author develops the seventh paragraph mainly_.Aby explaining an
24、 experimentBby analyzing a problemCby making comparisonsDby listing numbers解析：推理判断题。根据第七段“Earths surface is 70 percent water, but only 2.5 percent of that can be used for drinking or farming.(地球表面70%是水，但其中只有2.5%可用于饮用或农业)”及“Its freshwater reservoir stayed at just above 13.5 percent of full capacity.B
25、y 2030, a world of about 8.6 billion people will need 35 percent more water, 40 percent more energy, and 50 percent more food, according to the United States National Intelligence Council.(根据美国国家情报委员会的数据，到2030年，全球约86亿人口将需要35%的水、40%的能源和50%的粮食)”可知，作者在第七段主要是通过列举数字来展开的。故选D项。答案：D8What is the best title f
26、or the text?AWaterscarcity Footprint Is MeasuredBWater Waste Starts with SnacksCWater Resources Are ReducedDWater Consumption Faces an Uphill Battle解析：标题归纳题。根据第三段“It turns out that a sweet tooth not only adds to our waistlines but also stresses our water resources.(结果发现，吃甜食不仅会增加我们的腰围，而且会对我们的水资源造成压力)
27、”以及最后一段“So, we need to watch what we eat, not just for our personal health but for the health of our societies.(所以，我们需要关注我们的饮食，不仅是为了我们的个人健康，也是为了我们社会的健康)”可知，文章的最佳标题为“水资源浪费从零食开始”。故选B项。答案：B.阅读七选五When is the best time to exercise and what times will yield the best results？1This means anytime that our bo
28、dies are not feeling exhausted and at least an hour after a meal to allow the enzymes (酶) to break down the food and help the body return to its normal state.2However, those who prefer to exercise in the morning but end up feeling bored and worn out, do so because of a lack of sugar in the body.3 If
29、 you dont have time to enjoy a delicious one, just have a couple of biscuits to fill your stomach.For exercise in the afternoon or evening, it is strongly advised that you should not allow your stomach to start growing after a session of exercise either.The body requires about 2,000 kilocalories per
30、 day, but when exercising, we will burn up to 500 kilocalories extra.4 If we do not refill our energy stores, we are easier to feel cheerless or even exhausted.For those who do not have the time to exercise properly, it is advisable that you try to use stairs instead of lifts and walk to get your lu
31、nch rather than drive.Even though these activities will not burn as many calories as serious exercise, they will ensure that your muscles are working harder than usual.5AThat is why eating breakfast is so important.BThe best time for exercise is different for each person.CIts said that people who wo
32、rk out early are most likely to stick with a routine.DThe truth is that anytime you are available and prepared to exercise would be okay.EWhen this energy is running out, our bodies will send us a message that food is needed.FIf these activities then become habits, they will have a positive effect o
33、n how well your body energy.GNot only will these activities help improve our physical wellbeing, they can increase productivity at work.答案：1.D2.C3.A4.E5.F.语法填空If you have always wanted to become 1.an astronaut, now could be your chance.Now the US space agency NASA is seeking candidates to be future
34、astronauts.The search comes after NASA 2.announced(announce) plans to send the first woman and the next man to the moon as part of its Artemis Program last year.Artemis aims to return humans to the moon by 2024.NASAs next goal is to establish a longterm base on the moon, 3.where NASA says it will be
35、 able to launch regular space operations, 4.including (include) tasks to Mars (火星)NASA says it expects to choose the final candidates in the middle of 2021.They will then 5.immediately (immediate) begin training to become Artemis Generation astronauts.So what exactly is NASA looking for in its crew
36、of new astronaut? Two general 6.requirements(requirement) are that applicants must be US citizens and hold a masters degree in a field 7.related (relate) to science, technology, engineering or mathematics.8.In addition，candidates should also have at least two years of 9.professional (profession) experience in their field.Of course, all applicants will have to complete a NASA physical 10.examination (examine) to test their fitness for longterm spaceflight.