1、动词ing形式作状语一、动词ing形式作状语时的形式观察例句They sat in the classroom，reading the books borrowed from the library.I stood there motionless，not knowing what to do.Having succeeded in the test，he became more confident.Not having finished his homework，the boy was still doing it in the classroom.Having been told seve
2、ral times，he still couldnt understand how to operate the machine.归纳用法(1)动词ing(以do为例)从形式上可分为一般式(doing)与完成式(having done)，其被动语态分别为being done与having been done。(2)动词ing形式的一般式作状语，表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或相继发生，其否定式为not doing。(3)动词ing形式的完成式作状语，表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。其否定式为not having been done。即学即练1完成句子他们又唱又笑地在街上走着。T
3、hey walked along the street, singing and laughing他站在门旁，不敢说一句话。He stood at the door，not daring to say a word由于我已经完成了所有的工作，我就坐下来休息一会儿。Having finished all my homework，I sat down to have a rest.没有被邀请，她感到非常不愉快。Not having been invited，she felt very unhappy.二、动词ing形式作状语的具体情况1时间状语观察例句Walking in the park，she
4、 came across an old friend.You should never take a chance while driving a car.归纳用法动词ing形式作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句，有时可在前面加上when或while。例的WalkingWhen she was walking。即学即练2用括号内动词的适当形式填空Hearing(hear) the good news，he jumped with joy.Having finished(finish) his summary，he went out for a walk.When approaching(appr
5、oach) the crossroads，you must be careful.2原因状语观察例句Not knowing his address，I couldnt call on him.Having eaten at the cafeteria before，Tina didnt want to eat there again.Being well taken care of，she recovered quickly.归纳用法动词ing形式作原因状语时，相当于原因状语从句。例的Not knowingBecause I didnt know。即学即练3用括号内动词的适当形式填空Being
6、(be) ill，he couldnt book the flight.Having lived(live) in the city for many years，I knew it well.Having been asked(ask) to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.3伴随或方式状语观察例句He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper.He suddenly appeared in class one day，wearing sunglasses.归纳用法动词ing形式作
7、伴随或方式状语时，可以转换成并列成分。例的readingand read。即学即练4用括号内动词的适当形式填空When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，reading(read) me stories till I fell asleep.She lay on the grass，feeling(feel) depressed about the whole situation.4条件状语观察例句Turning to the left，you will find a path.Taking more exercise，youll bec
8、ome stronger and healthier.归纳用法动词ing形式作条件状语时，相当于条件状语从句。例的TurningIf you turn。即学即练5一句多译努力学习，你就会通过这次考试。Working hard，you will pass the exam.(动词ing形式作状语)If you work hard，you will pass the exam.(条件状语从句)Work hard，and you will pass the exam.(祈使句and陈述句)5让步状语观察例句Having tried many times，he still couldnt overco
9、me the difficulties.Though lacking money，his parents managed to send him to university seventeen years ago.归纳用法动词ing形式作让步状语时，相当于让步状语从句，例的Having triedAlthough he had tried。有时可在动词ing前面加上although/though，even if/even though等。即学即练6用括号内动词的适当形式填空Though working(work) hard，he couldnt earn enough money to pay
10、 off his debt.Having been told(tell) many times，he still couldnt understand the problem.6结果状语观察例句The boy fell off his bike，breaking his left arm.Their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay.归纳用法动词ing形式作结果状语时，表示必然的结果，通常放在句末，相当于so或so that引导的结果状语从句。例的breakingso that he broke。有时为了突出结果，可在
11、动词ing前加上thus。名师点津不定式作结果状语时，表示出人意料的结果，常与only，never连用。即学即练7用括号内动词的适当形式填空He comes home late every evening，making(make) his wife very angry.Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find(find) it didnt fit.The snow lasted a week，thus resulting(result) in a serious traffic c
12、onfusion in the whole area.7评注性状语观察例句Generally speaking，children are naturally curious.Considering the budget，we have decided to give up the travel plan.归纳用法有些动词ing形式用于句首，没有逻辑主语而独立存在，作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，这被称为评注性状语。常见的评注性状语有：generally speaking一般说来，frankly speaking坦率地说，roughly speaking大致说来，judging from/by.根据来判断，considering .考虑到，supposing.假如等。即学即练8完成句子Frankly speaking(坦率地说)，the resources in the world are very limited.Judging from his accent(从他的口音判断)，he must be from the south.