1、第一讲各司其职的8大句子成分句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语等。主语是句子的主体，用于说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者，除倒装句外，一般位于句子的开头。主语通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当，一般用“”标出。Im pleased to know your Chinese friend has invited you to dinner.(代词作主语)得知朋友邀请你参加晚宴我很高兴。To bring a small gift is a good idea.It is a good idea to
2、 bring a small gift(动词不定式作主语)带点小礼物是个好主意。The Student Table Tennis Team of our school is looking for new members right now.(名词短语作主语)我校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。To start with，what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am next Friday.(从句作主语)首先，我
3、想强调的是下星期五上午10点在教学楼8班我们将开始下一堂课。Forming a good habit in our daily life is of great benefit to us.(动名词短语作主语)日常生活中养成好习惯对我们非常有益。用“”标出下列句子的主语。1Different people like different seasons; my favourite season is spring.不同的人喜欢不同的季节；我最喜欢的季节是春季。2To get along well with others is the second thing you should learn.与
4、别人友好相处是你应该学会的第二件事。3What I am going to tell you is about donating books from our school to your Chinese class.我打算告诉你的是关于我们学校向你们中文班赠书的事。4Our school photograph club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show.我们学校摄影俱乐部将举办国际中学生摄影展。答案：1Different people like different seasons; m
5、y favourite season is spring.(名词短语作主语)2To get along well with others is the second thing you should learn.(不定式短语作主语)3What I am going to tell you is about donating books from our school to your Chinese class.(从句作主语)4Our school photograph club is going to hold an International High School Student Phot
6、ography Show.(名词短语作主语)谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征，一般用“_”标出。(1)实义动词(短语)可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称和数的变化；(2)系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓语；(3)助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，“助动词/情态动词实义动词”可以作谓语。Whats more，I have some experience in accompanying foreign friends.(实义动词作谓语)况且，在陪伴外国朋友方面我有一些经验。To begin with，the final exam of this term is around the cor
7、ner so I am busy preparing for it.(系表结构作谓语)首先，期末考试临近，因此我忙于准备考试。The exhibition will start from June 16th and last for more than a week.(“助动词实义动词”作谓语)展览将从6月16日开始持续一个多星期。用“_”标出下列句子的谓语。1Half an hour later, I managed to find the correct answer.半小时后，我设法找到了正确答案。2When he got up at 7：00 am, a big plan occurr
8、ed to him.他早上七点起床时，脑海里突然有了个大计划。3The watch is necessary in our daily life, but its function is too simple and dull.手表在我们日常生活中是必要的，但它的功能太简单呆板了。4We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.对于组织课堂活动，我们可能有不同的观点。答案：1Half an hour later, I managed to find the correct answer.(实义动词作谓语)2When
9、he got up at 7：00 am, a big plan occurred to him.(动词和动词短语作谓语)3The watch is necessary in our daily life, but its function is too simple and dull(系表结构作谓语)4We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.(“情态动词实义动词”作谓语)宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等，一般用“”标出。Dont
10、 forget to praise your friend for the delicious foods he offers.(不定式作宾语)不要忘记表扬朋友提供的美食。If you are interested in the Chinese folk art，please email me(名词短语作宾语，代词作宾语)如果你对中国民间艺术感兴趣，请给我发邮件。I plan to go for an outing，and I would like to invite you to participate.(不定式作宾语)我计划去郊游，我想邀请你参加。I think all our class
11、mates have learned a lot from our communication and the various activities(从句作宾语)我认为我们所有的同学从交流和各种各样的活动中学到了很多东西。用“”标出下列句子的宾语。1Ive already written the application letter and personal resum .我已经写了申请书和个人简历。2Suddenly he thought of seeing the beautiful views of the city again before setting out.他突然想在启程之前再
12、看看这座城市的美景。3Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们彼此合作的良好程度。答案：1Ive already written the application letter and personal resum(名词短语作宾语)2Suddenly he thought of seeing the beautiful views of the city again before setting out.(动名词短语作宾语)3Our success depends on how wel
13、l we can cooperate with one another(从句作宾语)表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。可以用作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等，一般用“”标出。My favourite sport is running(v.ing 作表语)我最喜欢的体育运动是跑步。Thats why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice(从句作表语)那就是我认为沿“长江之行”将是一个较好选择的原因。It is
14、a Chinese folk art with a long history.(名词作表语)这是拥有悠久历史的民间艺术。At eight on the morning of October 1，we are to gather at the school gate.(不定式作表语)10月1日上午8点，我们将在校门口集合。用“”标出下列句子的表语。1The theme of the show is environmental protection.这次展览的主题是环境保护。2At that moment, I became the focus of the whole class and was
15、 full of great pride and confidence.那时，我成了全班的焦点，充满了自豪和自信。3Several minutes passed but the whole class was in complete silence.几分钟过去了，但是整个班级一片寂静。4The most important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything youll regret.最重要的是学会控制你的脾气，这样你可能就不会做一些使你后悔的事或说出使你后悔的话。答案：
16、1The theme of the show is environmental protection(名词作表语)2At that moment, I became the focus of the whole class and was full of great pride and confidence(名词短语和形容词短语作表语)3Several minutes passed but the whole class was in complete silence(介词短语作表语)4The most important thing is to learn to control your t
17、emper so that you may not do or say anything youll regret.(不定式短语作表语)定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前，而短语和从句作定语时往往放在被修饰词之后。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词和从句等，一般用“()”标出。The exhibition will be held in the City Museum (located in the north of our city)(分词短语作定语)展览将在位于我市北方的城市博物馆举
18、办。Papercutting has a history of over 1，500 years，(which belongs to traditional art in China)(从句作定语)剪纸有1 500多年的历史，在中国它属于传统艺术。Our school has built a (new) stadium recently.(形容词作定语)近来我们学校建立了一个新体育场。用“()”标出下列句子的定语。1We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.我们可能有各种各样解决此类情况的方式。2All the books o
19、ffered by the students are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other day.据报道，同学们提供的所有书籍都在几天前送给了乡下的孩子们。3How Li Hua regretted the valuable time he had wasted on the computer games!李华多么后悔在玩电脑游戏上浪费宝贵的时间！4Any student who is interested is welcome to participate.欢迎感兴趣的所有学生参加。答
20、案：1We may have various ways (to deal with such a situation)(不定式短语作定语)2All the books (offered by the students) are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other day.(过去分词短语作定语)3How Li Hua regretted the valuable time (he had wasted on the computer games)！(从句作定语)4Any student (
21、who is interested) is welcome to participate.(从句作定语)状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、介词、短语、不定式、分词、独立主格和从句等，一般用“”标出。 To get a good seat for seeing a film, youd better arrive a bit earlier.(不定式短语作状语)为了得到看电影的好位置， 你最好早点到。 After every game we will select the best players.(介词短语作状语)每次比赛之后我们
22、将挑选最好的选手。If you will join, you may send your information to intlpssppt.(从句作状语)要是你参加，请把信息发送到intlpsspptgmschool. com邮箱。 Visiting this exhibition，we will not only enjoy the folk art works, but also learn a lot.(分词作状语)参观展览时，我们不仅能欣赏民间艺术作品，而且能学习很多知识。用“”标出下列句子的状语。1After a weeks trip, he returned home，tired
23、 but very happy.旅行一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高兴。2To solve this problem，my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported to the headmaster.为了解决这个问题，我和同学们进行了讨论，想出了一个建议并汇报给了校长。答案：1After a weeks trip，he returned home，tired but very happy(介词短语作状语/形容词作状语)2To solve this problem，my cla
24、ssmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported to the headmaster.(不定式短语作状语)补足语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的句子成分，一般用“”标出。(1)补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫作主语补足语；(2)补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫作宾语补足语。(3)可以用作补足语的有：形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等。The president appointed John manager of marketing(名词作宾补)总裁任命约翰为营销部经理。Well t
25、ry our best to make our country more and more beautiful(形容词作宾补)我们将尽全力使我们的国家越来越美丽。用“”标出下列句子的补足语。1Popular science books can help us students to become more interested in science and nature.科普书能帮助我们学生对科学和自然更感兴趣。2To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possi
26、ble.为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。3She names her pet dog Jack.她给她的宠物狗起名杰克。答案：1Popular science books can help us students to become more interested in science and nature(不定式短语作宾补)2To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.(过去分词作宾补)3She name her pet dogJack(名
27、词短语作宾补)对句子中的名词或代词做进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等，一般用“”标出。There is no doubt that I will improve its reputation through my efforts(从句作同位语)毫无疑问，通过我的努力我会提高它的声誉。Personally，I prefer the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chine
28、se civilization(名词短语作同位语)就我个人而言，我更喜欢“长江之行”，长江是中国最长的河流、中国文明的母亲河之一。用“”标出下列句子的同位语。1They three want to travel around the world together on foot.他们三个想一起步行周游世界。2We are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival，a holiday for us to show our respect for the elderly.我们打算去当地一家敬老院过即将到
29、来的重阳节，该节日显示了我们对老年人的尊重。3I hold the opinion that we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty.我认为，我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难。答案：1They three want to travel around the world together on foot.(数词作同位语)2We are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival，a holiday for us to show our respect for the elderly.(名词作同位语)3I hold the opinion that we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty(从句作同位语)