1、 5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。The village is surrounded by high mountains.（过去分词做表语）The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.（被动语态）He is well educated.（过去分词做表语）He has been educated in this college for three years.（被动语态）常用在句中做表语的过去分词有：used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satis
2、fied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected等。6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：interest（使感兴趣），surprise（使吃惊），frighten（使害怕），excite（使兴奋），tire（使疲劳），please（使满意），puzzle（使迷惑不解），satisfy（使满意），amuse（使娱乐），disappoint（使失望），inspire（使欢欣鼓舞
3、），worry（使忧虑）它们的现在分词常修饰物（有时修饰人），表示主动，过去分词常修饰人，表示被动（包括某人的look、voice等）。例如：Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。They are very tired. 他们很疲劳After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.三、不定式与动名词做宾语：A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return. 真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人。4、动名词作need, want,
4、 require, be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。The washing-machine needs repairing.（或用：needs to be repaired）这台洗衣机需要修理。The point wants referring to. 这一点要提到。This English novel is worth reading. 这本英文小说值得一读。The situation in Russian required studying. 俄国形式需要研究。五、非谓语动词做定语：1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。例如：H
5、e had no house to live in but a lot of work to do. 他没有房子住却有好多活要干。Our monitor is the first to arrive. 我们班长是第一个到的。来源:学|科|网2、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。a walking stick 拐杖（动名词做定语，意为a stick for walking）a sleeping car 卧铺车厢（动名词做定语，意为a car for sleeping）the rising sun 正在升起的太阳（现在分词做定
6、语，意为the sun which was rising）the changing world 变化中的世界（现在分词做定语，意为the world which is changing）3、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别：过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。如：a piece of disappointing news 使人失望的消息（意同a piece of news which disappointed us）in the following years 在后来的几年中（意同in the years that followed）a well dresse
7、d woman 衣着讲究的女士（意同a woman who is dressed well）a car parked at the gate 停在门口的小汽车（意同a car which was parked at the gate）六、不定式与分词做状语：1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：He hurried home only to find his money stolen. 他匆忙赶到家中，发现钱被盗了。（结果状语）To make himself heard, he raised his voice. 为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。（目的状语）All of us are surp
8、rised to see his rapid progress. 看到他的进步，我们都很吃惊。(原因状语)2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式：Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful. 从山上看，这座城市很美。（条件状语）来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|KComing into the room, he found his father angry. 当走进房间时，他发现父亲生气了。（时间状语）Being tired, they went on working. 虽然累了，但他们继续工作。（让步状语）Having
9、been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. 由于被大孩子打了鼻子，那个小男孩哭了。（原因状语）He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased. 他把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了，看起来挺高兴。（伴随状语）二、【思维导航】_tired of Toms all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself. A) To
10、get B) To have got C) Getting D) Have got 一般来说，在句子中没有连接词的情况下, 逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此，首先可以确定 这是一个简单句，非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语get tired of与其逻辑主语Julia之间的主动关系，以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，没有明显的先后顺序，可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原因状语,即“由于厌倦了Tom只说不做的工作态度”，故正确答案为C。三、【考点在线】考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别 英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分, 而多数情况下谓语都由动词来充当。如果对句子
11、成分划分不清，把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆, 做题效果可想而知。要克服这一毛病，关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。如： 1. The children (play) _ the violin over there will go on the stage next week. 根据句子结构，我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是The children，谓语部分是will go on the stage，动词play显然在句中不作谓语，应用非谓语动词形式。依据play与它的逻辑主语children之间的主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行，可以判断用现在分词作定语修饰children，意为“
12、正在那边拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正确答案为playing。 考点二、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析 作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析，即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是过去分词作状语, 不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同。 动词不定式主要作目的、结果和原因状语；现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语，两者不同之处在于：现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它们之间的关系是主动关系，而过去分词作状语时，虽然它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语，但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。请看下面例题： 1._ti
13、red of Toms all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself. A) To get B) To have got 来源:Zxxk.ComC) Getting D) Have got 一般来说，在句子中没有连接词的情况下, 逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此，首先可以确定 这是一个简单句，非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语get tired of与其逻辑主语Julia之间的主动关系，以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，没有明显的先后顺序，可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原
14、因状语,即“由于厌倦了Tom只说不做的工作态度”，故正确答案为C。 考点三、考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的分辨 来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。历年各种考试的重点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的逻辑主语是什么，两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系，特别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我们知道，当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候，一般来说，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，那么，当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，又会出现什么现象呢？请看下面例题： 1. The last bus (go)_, we had to walk home. 来源:学科网2. Weather (perm
15、it)_, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening. 这两个非谓语动词短语的逻辑主语都不是句子的主语，而是分别有它自己的逻辑主语，即“是 末班车开走了，而不是我们走了”,“是天气允许,而不是飞船允许”，这种现象或结构就是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动关系,正确答案分别为having gone和permitting。 请再看下面例题： 3. The work (finish) _, they may go home. 4. The problem (discuss) _ at the meeting- room now, t
16、he workers had to wait outdoors. 来源:学。科。网Z。X。X。K同样，这两道题的结构也是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的被动关系以及非谓语动词所表示动作发生的时间性，可以判断正确答案分别为finished(已完成)和being discussed(正在进行)。 六、考查作定语的非谓语动词的判断 非谓语动词作定语主要考查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况，这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间性，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说，用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当
17、中，如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中，就用现在分词一般式的被动语态；用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成; 用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，如果是被动行为，就用动词不定式一般式的被动语态。 例如： 来源:学科网ZXXK1. The boy (cry)_ over there is my younger brother. 来源:学科网依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy，因而正确答案为crying。四、【易错点睛】五、【高考母题】1. (09北京)24. For breakfast he only drink
18、s juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm.A. grownB. being grownC. to be grownD. to grow2.(09北京)28. All of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way.A. presentingB. presentedC. being presentedD. to present3.(09北京)34. _ twice, the postman refused to deliver o
19、ur letters unless we changed our dog. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten 4.(09福建)32. not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded5.(09福建) 34. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected th
20、e warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked 6.(09湖南) 23When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere. A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open7.(09江苏) 26. Schools across China are expected to hire 5
21、0,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures. A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped 8.(09江苏) 32.Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this
22、 morning are our alumni （校友） from home and abroad.来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.KA. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having attended9.(09江西)22. _ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given 来源:Z#xx#k.Com10.(09江西
23、) 34. The government plans to bring in new laws _ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced 11.(09辽宁) 22. When we visited my old family home, memory came _ back A. flooding B. to flood C. flood. D. flooded 12.(09全国1) 30. The children all turned the famous actress as she entered the classroom.A. looked at B. to look atC. to looking at D. look at来源:Zxxk.Com来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K
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