1、22-2021届高考英语3500词汇(基础练+提升练)基础练(夯实基础)一、单词拼写(根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的完全形式)1.It is the first time that such a _(盛大的)military parade has been held in China.【答案】grand【句意】这是中国首次举行如此盛大的阅兵式。2.Most ordinary people in Iraq are living in poverty and panic now. In other words, their basic rights arent _(保证).【答案】guarante
2、ed【解析】现在，伊拉克大多数普通民众生活在贫困和恐慌之中。换句话说，他们的基本权利没有得到保证。3.As is well known, our success in life depends on our determination to _(抓住)opportunities that are presented to us.【答案】grasp【解析】众所周知，我们在生活中的成功取决于我们想要抓住呈现在面前机会的决心。5.The punishment a criminal deserves should be in proportion to the _(严重性)of the offence
3、.【答案】gravity【解析】罪犯应受到的惩罚应与罪行的严重性相称。6.I _(感激地)acknowledge financial support from several local businesses.【答案】gratefully【解析】我非常感激当地几家企业的资助。7._(指导)by the new rule that was approved last month, the company is looking for a new way to expand their market share.【答案】Guided【句意】在上个月通过的新规则的指导下，这家公司正在寻找新的方法来拓
4、展他们的市场份额。8.The silver moon was high overhead, and there was a _(轻微的)breeze playing down the valley.【答案】gentle【句意】银色的月亮高高挂在头上，微风拂过山谷。9.Im never going to _(猜)the answer if you dont give me a clue.【答案】guess【句意】如果你不给我提示，我绝对猜不到答案。10.Whats your_(原则)inchoosingsongsforyouraudience?【答案】guideline【句意】你为听众选择歌曲的
5、原则是什么？11.Dont take it for g_ that he will offer to _(跟打招呼)you when he sees you.【答案】granted, greet【句意】你不要想当然地认为他看见你的时候就会主动地跟你打招呼的。12.Despite Johnsons being _(新手)at his job, the work he did was adequate and thus won the managers approval.【答案】green【句意】尽管约翰逊在工作上是新手，但他工作做得很充分，因此赢得了经理的认可。13.I missed a _(绝
6、佳的/黄金的)opportunity to be promoted to a higher position.【答案】golden【句意】我错过了一个晋升的绝佳机会。14.Fans of Youth With You are _(盯着，和粘在一起)to TV screens every week to follow the ups and downs of their favourite stars.【答案】glued【句意】青春有你的粉丝会每周盯着电视屏幕追踪他们偶像的起伏。15.After school, the students came home, happy and _(快乐). 【
7、答案】gay【句意】放学后，学生们快快乐乐地回家了。16.Like all parents in the world，we want you to g_ up in a world that is full of love and kindness.【答案】grow【句意】跟世界上所有的父母一样，我们想要你在一个充满爱与仁慈的世界里成长。17.Hes abitquick-tempered,butnotdifficult to g_ along with.【答案】get【句意】他只是脾气暴躁些，并不难处。18.It is easy for adolescents to g_ into the h
8、abit of smoking. They should keep away from cigarettes.【答案】get【句意】青少年很容易养成抽烟的习惯。他们应该远离香烟。19.Ifplasticandrubberareburnt,theyll g_offpoisonousgases.【答案】give【句意】要是把塑料和橡胶进行焚烧，它们就会放出有毒的气体。20.The strongest people are not always the people who win, but the people who dont g_ up when they lose.【答案】give 【句意】
9、最强的人并不总是那些赢的人，而是那些输了也不放弃的人。21.Beforedoingyourexercises,youshould g_ overthetext.【答案】go【句意】做作业前，你应该将课文复习一遍。22.He believes food prices will g_up in the future.【答案】go 【句意】他认为食品价格将来会上涨。23.He told the children that when they went to bed the light should g_ out.【答案】go【句意】他告诉孩子们，当他们上床睡觉时，灯应该熄掉。24.The woman
10、 biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.Oh, dear! She must have g_ through a lot of difficulties!【答案】gone 【句意】“这位女生物学家回国之前在非洲研究野生动物有13年了。”“哦，天哪！她肯定经历过许多困难。”25.It doesnt make any sense for us to stare at foreigners on public occasions, which will in turn mak
11、e them g_ at you.【答案】glare 【句意】在公共场合盯着外国人看是没有道理的，这反过来又会遭到外国人的怒目而视。二、单句语法填空(用所给单词的正确形式填空或填上恰当的单词)1.He is examining the composition he has just finished to correct the possible _(grammar)and spelling mistakes in it.【答案】grammatical【句意】他正在检查他刚刚写完的作文，以纠正其中可能出现的语法和拼写错误。2.Although she was in his seventies,
12、 the old lady stayed healthy enough to dance_(grace).【答案】gracefully【句意】虽然那老太太已经七十多岁了，但她身体还很健康，舞跳得很优美。3.You couldnt have chosen any present _(good)for me.Im glad you like it so much.【答案】better【句意】“你为我挑选的礼物真是再好不过了。”“很高兴你这么喜欢它。”4.Alfred Nobels _(great)lies in his outstanding ability to combine the qual
13、ities of an original scientist with those of a forward-looking industrialist.【答案】greatness【句意】艾弗瑞德诺贝的伟大之处在于他能把一个有独创性的科学家的品质和一个有远见的实业家的品质结合起来。5.Over the last few decades, economic_(global)has contributed greatly to global growth.【答案】globalization【解析】过去数十年，经济全球化对世界经济发展作出了重要贡献。6.In salute to the heroes
14、 sacrificing their lives for the countrys _(glory)causes, red is chosen as the basic color of the national flag.【答案】glorious【句意】为了向为国家的光荣事业牺牲生命的英雄们致敬，红色被选为国旗的基本颜色。7.According to a study from Yale University, good friends are often _(gene)similar. Without doubt, good friends can share up to 1% of the
15、 same genes.【答案】genetically【句意】根据耶鲁大学的一项研究，好朋友的基因通常是相似的。毫无疑问，好朋友之间有多达1%的相同基因。8.The_(grow)of economy is influenced by a number of factors, most of which are beyond our control.【答案】growth【句意】经济的增长受到很多因素的影响，它们中大多数都不受我们的掌控。9.Chinaisnotsimplya_(geography)concept,itisanationalandculturalconcept.【答案】geogra
16、phical【句意】中国不是一个单纯的地理概念，更是一个民族与文化的概念。10. Whats wrong? You look really stressed out.I have been working the whole week preparing for my_(graduate)paper.【答案】graduation【句意】“你怎么了？看起来真的压力很大。”“我已经连轴转努力了一整个星期来写我的毕业论文。”三、单句改错(每句最多有两个错误，错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改)1.Grown all over the hill and around the lake are wil
17、d flowers of different kinds.【答案】Grown改成Growing【解析】这是一个倒装句，主语为wild flowers of different kinds，所以grow是“生长”的意思，是一个不及物动词，故把Grown改成Growing。句意：山上和湖边到处长着各种各样的野花。2.The firm director quickly approved _ the new idea put forward by the gifting designer.【答案】gifting改成gifted【答案】gifted有天赋的，天才的，故把gifting改成gifted。句
18、意：公司主管很快同意了那位天才设计师提出的新想法。3.Before going to work, my dad used to glance the newspaper headlines.【答案】glance后加at【解析】glance是不及物动同，后接宾语时应用介词at，表示“浏览”，故在glance后加at。句意：我爸爸过去常常在上班前浏览一下报纸的大标题。4.And gradual they fall in love with the country and are determining to settle here too.【答案】gradual改成gradually【解析】gra
19、dual在此处是修饰动词短语fall in love，需用其副词形式，故将gradual改成gradually。句意：渐渐地，他们爱上了这个国家，并决定在这里定居。5.What is hard is to do well all ones life and never do anything bad.【答案】good改成well【解析】跟后面的“do anything bad做坏事”意义相反“do good做好事”。句意：困难的是终生行善，从不做坏事。6.On my first day at work I was greeting by an unexpected cold reception
20、.【答案】greeting改成greeted【解析】be greeted with遭遇。句意：上班第一天我受到了令人意外的冷遇。7.It is said that sandstorms will become more frequent as a result of globally warming.【答案】globally改成global【解析】这里warming不是动词而是名词，故要用形容词global修饰。句意：据说，因为全球气候变暖沙尘暴会变得更频繁。8.Thankyouforcontributinggeneroustothescholarshipfund.【答案】generous改成
21、generously【解析】修饰动词contributing要用副词generously。句意：谢谢你为奖学金基金慷慨捐款。9.On general, the service is satisfying. 【答案】On改成In【解析】in general总的来说，故将On改成In。句意：总的来说，服务是令人满意的。10.The judge found the man not guilt and then he was set free.【答案】guilt改成guilty【解析】此处用形容词作宾语补足语，故把guilt改成guilty。句意：法官发现这个人无罪，然后就将他释放了。11.We di
22、d not send you an invitation, as we took for granted that you would be coming.【答案】在take和for之间加it【解析】take it for granted that.，认为理所当然，此处it是形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语，故在take和for之间加it。句意：我们没有给你发邀请，因为我们认为你会来是理所当然的。12.However, what disappointed them greatly was that the house was in a total mess, with dirty dishe
23、s in the sink and garbages lying everywhere.【答案】garbages改成garbage【解析】garbage是不可数名词，故把garbages改成garbage。句意：然而，令他们大失所望的是，房子一片狼藉，水槽里有脏盘子，到处都是垃圾。13.My grandmother said that it was the better birthday gift she had received.【答案】better改成best【解析】the加形容词最高级，故better改成best。句意：我奶奶说这是她所收到的最好的生日礼物。14.In gesture t
24、o reduce pollution, the local government has tried every means.【答案】gesture前加a【解析】in a gesture to为了，故在gesture前面加a。句意：为了减少污染，当地政府想尽了各种办法。15.There were many grammar mistakes, but that didnt prevent him from chatting.【答案】grammar改成grammatical【解析】用形容词grammatical修饰名词mistakes。句意：虽然有很多语法错误，但并不阻止他交谈。提升练(对接高考)
25、一、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Angela never liked seeing plastic waste washing up on the shore near her home. She had been 1 to call on her community to clean it up, to change the 2 , so she tried to set up an organization called Washed Ashore: Art to Save the Sea. Her 3 proved qu
26、ite a success.Heres how it 4 . Volunteers help clean up 300 miles of shoreline. Then, 5 only pasties from the beach cleanup, Angela and many other volunteers create sculptures of sea 6 . She explains, “ I mean to create sculptures that make people take a look and 7 , How can there be this much waste
27、 on the beach ? 8 , these sculptures will make people consider what they have 9 in their daily life and realize how so much plastic ends up in the oceans.” So far, about 10, 000 10 volunteers have collected 21 tons of waste and helped create more than 70 works of art. Four traveling 11 have demonstr
28、ated. the art works in 18 places of the country. One of the sculptures, Turtle Ocean, received a 12 honor. It was admitted into the National Museum.The Washed Ashore team is now working on sculptures of a dolphin, with 13 for more sculptures. “ Until we 14 plastic on the beach, the work will continu
29、e. These sculptures are a(n) 15 for clean oceans.” Angela says seriously.【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Angela创立了名为“Washed Ashore: Art to Save the Sea(被冲上岸：拯救海洋的艺术)”的社区组织，致力于清理海岸垃圾，并将海岸垃圾创作出海洋生物雕塑以给人警醒：人们需要的是一个洁净的海洋。1. A. offeringB. longingC. claimingD. hesitating【答案】B【解析】A. offering主动提供；B. longing渴望；C. clai
30、ming宣称，断言；D. hesitating迟疑，犹豫。根据后文“so she tried to set up an organization called Washed Ashore: Art to Save the Sea.”可知，她努力建立一个名为“被冲上岸：拯救海洋的艺术”的组织，因此她应是希望通过这个组织清理海岸上的垃圾，希望社区的人们一起来做这件事。long to do，固定结构，意为“渴望做某事；希望”，符合语境。故选B项。2. A. landscapeB. garbageC. tendencyD. situation【答案】D【解析】A. landscape风景，景色；B.
31、garbage垃圾；C. tendency倾向，趋势；D. situation情况；形势。根据前文“Angela never liked seeing plastic waste washing up on the shore near her home. She had been . to call on her community to clean it up”可知，Angela希望能够呼吁社区的人们一起清理海岸垃圾，是为了改变这种状况。故选D项。3. A. attemptB. choiceC. fantasyD. instruction【答案】A【解析】A. attempt尝试，努力；B
32、. choice选择；C. fantasy幻想，想象；D. instruction说明；传授。分析可知，所选名词应与前文动词“tried to”含义相呼应，应是“尝试，努力”。故选A项。4. A. describesB. ensuresC. functionsD. guarantees【答案】C【解析】A. describes描述；B. ensures保证，确保；C. functions起作用，正常工作；D. guarantees担保；保障。结合语境可知，it应是指代前文“an organization called Washed Ashore: Art to Save the Sea(名为“
33、被冲上岸：拯救海洋的艺术”的组织)”，结合语境可知，本段后文在讲述该组织的工作流程。故选C项。5. A. submittingB. presentingC. deliveringD. employing【答案】D【解析】A. submitting提交，屈服；B. presenting展现，颁发；C. delivering发表，递送；D. employing雇佣，使用。根据后文“Angela and many other volunteers create sculptures of sea .”可知，这些雕塑应是使用海滩清理来的垃圾创作而成。故选D项。6. A. wasteB. floorC.
34、 wavesD. creatures【答案】D【解析】A. waste浪费，废弃物；B. floor地板，地面，楼层；C. waves海浪，风潮；D. creatures生物，动物。根据后文“One of the sculptures, Turtle Ocean(其中一个雕塑是海龟海洋)”可知，他们创作的雕塑应是和海洋生物有关。故选D项。7. A. rethinkB. remarkC. confirmD. announce【答案】A【解析】A. rethink重新考虑，重新思考；B. remark说起，谈论，评论；C. confirm证明，确认；D. announce宣布，宣告。结合语境可知，
35、后文“How can there be this much waste on the beach ?”应是人们看到雕塑后思考的内容，与后文consider相呼应，所填动词rethink。故选A项。8. A. GenerallyB. HopefullyC. FortunatelyD. Surprisingly【答案】B【解析】A. Generally普遍地，广泛地，一般地；B. Hopefully有希望地；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Surprisingly惊人地，出人意料地。根据后文“these sculptures will make people consider what
36、they have . in their daily life and realize how so much plastic ends up in the oceans”可知，Angela希望这些雕塑能够引起人们的思考。故选B项。9. A. achievedB. gatheredC. purchasedD. recommended【答案】C【解析】A. achieved实现；B. gathered收集，搜集；C. purchased购买，采购；D. recommended推荐，举荐，介绍。根据前文“I mean to create sculptures that make people ta
37、ke a look and . How can there be this much waste on the beach ?”可知，他们将海岸上的垃圾创作出雕塑，希望这些雕塑能够让人思考日常购买的日用品中有大量的塑料垃圾。故选C项。10. A. devotedB. surprisedC. gratefulD. adventurous【答案】A【解析】A. devoted挚爱的，忠诚的，全心全意的；B. surprised惊奇的，惊讶的；C. grateful感激的；D. adventurous有冒险精神的，(指事物、方法、思想)新奇的。根据后文对于主语动作的描述“have collected
38、 21 tons of waste and helped create more than 70 works of art”可知，能够收集了21吨垃圾，帮助创作了70多件艺术品的志愿者们应是全心全意保护海洋的人。故选A项。11. A. guidesB. managersC. advertisementsD. exhibitions【答案】D【解析】A. guides指导；向导；B. managers经理；主教练；C. advertisements广告；D. exhibitions展览。根据后文“have demonstrated the art works in 18 places of th
39、e country”可知，在全国18个地方展出了这些艺术作品，应是举行了巡回展。故选D项。12. A. regularB. generousC. specialD. sensitive【答案】C【解析】A. regular规则的；有规律的，定时的；B. generous慷慨的，大方的；C. special特殊的，特别的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据后文“It was admitted into the National Museum.”可知，“Turtle Ocean”这一雕塑被允许进入国家博物馆，这是一项特殊的荣誉。故选C项。13. A. plansB. callsC. elemen
40、tsD. exchanges【答案】A【解析】A. plans计划；B. calls通话，请求；C. elements要素，基本部分；D. exchanges交换，交谈，争论。根据前文“The Washed Ashore team is now working on sculptures of a dolphin”可知，该小组现在正在制作海豚雕塑，“with . for more sculptures”应是要表达他们还会有更多的关于雕塑的计划。故选A项。14. A. get down toB. keep away fromC. run out ofD. end up with 【答案】C【解析
41、】A. get down to开始认真考虑；着手处理；B. keep away from远离；回避；C. run out of用完；D. end up with以而结束；以告终。根据语境“Then, . only pasties from the beach cleanup, Angela and many other volunteers create sculptures of sea .”可知，他们使用海岸上的垃圾创作出雕塑作品，直到用完这些垃圾，他们还会一直继续下去。故选C项。15. A. excuseB. appealC. praiseD. response 【答案】B【解析】A.
42、excuse借口，理由；B. appeal呼吁，吸引力；C. praise赞扬，称赞；D. response答复，反应。根据前文“these sculptures will make people consider what they have . in their daily life and realize how so much plastic ends up in the oceans.”可知，这些海岸垃圾创作出的雕塑会引起人们对于保护海洋是思考，是一种对于清洁海洋的呼吁。故选B项。二、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Our bodies can
43、 be younger or older than our actual age 1 (depend)upon diet, lifestyle choices and physical activity. This is called biological(生理的)age, 2 could be different from the age on your drivers license, which 3 (call)chronological(时间的)age. 4 recent study of over 900 adults who were tracked for 12 years, f
44、rom ages 26-38, 5 (show)that people who were aging faster, meaning that their biological age was higher than their chronological age, were not as healthy or 6 (physical)fit. This group was also more likely 7 (have)cognitive decline(认知衰退)and was at a 8 (great)risk for age-related health conditions.A
45、9 (grow)body of research proves that the keys to aging successfully are a combination of exercising regularly, keeping busy with life, and maintaining a healthy diet with nutritious foods. These three key elements could contribute to aging 10 (grace), and successfully, too.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了生理年龄高于实际
46、年龄的人衰老的速度更快以及延缓衰老的几个关键因素。1.【答案】depending【解析】Our bodies与depend之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作状语，故填depending。考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的身体可能比实际年龄更年轻，也可能比实际年龄更老，这取决于我们的饮食、生活方式和体育活动。2.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为biological age，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。3.【答案】is called【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。which 指代的是先行词the age on your drivers license，与call之间是
47、被动关系，且为客观事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is called。句意：驾照上的年龄称之为时间年龄。4.【答案】A【解析】考查冠词。研究显示，那些衰老速度更快的人，也就是他们的生理年龄高于实际年龄的人，健康状况或身体状况都不那么好。study表示“研究”时是可数名词，此处泛指“一项研究”，故填A。5.【答案】showed【解析】考查动词的时态。事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故填showed。6.【答案】physically【解析】考查词性转换(副词)。修饰形容词fit用副词，故填physically。句意：最近的一项研究对900多名成年人进行了为期12年的跟踪调查，他们的年龄从2
48、6岁到38岁不等。7.【答案】to have【解析】考查非谓语动词。be likely to do表示“有可能”，故填to have。8.【答案】greater【解析】考查词形转换(形容词比较级)。此处有一个隐晦的比较意义，是这组人与其他人的比较，故填greater。句意：这组人也更有可能出现认知能力下降，并且患上与年龄有关的健康问题的风险更大。9.【答案】growing【解析】考查固定搭配。a growing body of是“越来越多的”意思，如：There is a growing body of evidence to prove him guilty of the crime.有越来
49、越多的证据表明他犯有此罪。故填growing。句意：越来越多的研究证明，延缓衰老的关键是经常锻炼，保持忙碌的生活，保持健康的饮食这三者的结合。10.【答案】gracefully【解析】考查词性转换(副词)。修饰动词aging应该用副词，故填gracefully。句意：这三个关键因素可能有助于优雅地老去和延缓衰老。三、短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在
50、该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Dear David,Hows everything going? As your birthday is drawing near, Ive been prepared a gifted for you. Its a Chinese ink painting of bamboo, that I drew specially for you.In Chinese culture, bamboo carries many better wishes and excellent qual
51、ities. It usually stands straight and stays green all year round, but its always full of life. It is hard outside but empty inside. If comparing to bamboo, one is general considered to be strong-willed and modest. All on all, we use bamboo to represent a noble and gently person.I hope you will like
52、the gift and wish you happy birthday.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章是写给David的一封信，作者为David准备了一幅竹子的水墨画作为生日礼物，作者在信中解释了竹子在中国文化中的寓意。1.【答案】gifted改成gift【解析】考查名词。gifted天才的，有天赋的，gift礼物，故将gifted改成gift。不要看成是“a gifted for”的固定搭配而发现不了错误。2.【答案】删除been【解析】考查动词的语态。I与prepare之间为主动关系，应用现在完成时的主动语态，been多余，故删除been。句意：随着你的生日临近，我给你准备了一个生日礼
53、物。3.【答案】that改成which【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是a Chinese ink painting of bamboo，关系词在从句中作宾语，指物，应用which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故将that改成which。句意：它是一幅竹子的中国水墨画，是我专门为你画的。4.【答案】better改成best【解析】考查形容词最高级。在many中比较，应该用最高级，故将better改成best。句意：在中国的文化中，竹子寄予着许多最美好的祝愿，蕴含着许多优秀的品质。5.【答案】but改成and【解析】考查连词。结合语境可知，
54、前后分句之间是并列关系，应用表示并列的连词and连接，but表示转折，不符合题意，故将but改成and。句意：它通常全年都笔直地耸立着并保持四季长青，它总是充满生机。6.【答案】comparing改成compared【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词compare与其逻辑主语one为动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语，故将comparing改成compared。7.【答案】general改成generally【解析】考查动词的时态。此处是在陈述一种客观情况，应用一般现在时。故将was改成is。句意：如果一个人被比作竹子，他一般被认为意志坚定且谦虚。8.【答案】on改成in【解析】考查介词短语。all in all总之，是固定短语，故将on改成in。9.【答案】gently改成gentle【解析】考查形容词。此处和noble并列作定语，修饰名词person，应用形容词。故将gently改成gentle。句意：总之，我们用竹子来代表一个品行高尚且性格温和的人。10.【答案】在happy前加a 【解析】考查冠词。birthday“生日”是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，happy是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a，故在happy前加a。句意：我希望你喜欢这个礼物，祝你生日快乐。