1、阅读理解技能保分练(八)词句猜测题代词猜测类A2020普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(模拟卷)My school appeared on the news last week because we had made an important change in our local area. Our class had planted a large garden in what was once only a vacant lot. It was a lot of work but it was all worth it. I got blisters (水疱) from digging, a
2、nd we all got insect bites, too.I learned a lot about gardening and collaboration (合作), and then I learned about the media. Our teacher telephoned the TV station and informed them of what we had accomplished. She spoke with the producer. The producer checked with the directors, but they said there w
3、ere plenty of stories similar to ours. They wanted to know what was special about our particular garden, since many schools plant gardens.The teacher explained that, after going on the Internet to learn about the prairie (大草原), we had made a prairie garden. We had been to a prairie and gotten seeds
4、from the plants, and then we planted them. We did not water the garden, but we did weed it. We decided to let nature water it with rain, since that was how prairies grew in the past. We sent a picture of the garden to the news station. In the picture, the grass was so high that it stood taller than
5、the fourth grade students.As a result, the producer sent a reporter to our school. The reporter interviewed the headmaster and asked him many questions about the garden. After that, he interviewed us, and we explained to him what we had learned through this project.That night, we watched the news, a
6、nd there we were. The news reporter told our story. It was only two minutes long, but it was us. We were famous. All that work, all those blisters, it was worth it. We knew that when we saw the garden every day, but now we knew that the whole city thought so, too.1What seemed to be the TV directors
7、initial reaction to the garden?AThey were excited. BThey were surprised.CThey were worried. DThey were uninterested.2What is special about the garden?AWeeds were allowed to spread naturally.BThe grass grew faster than common grass.CThe seeds came from the plants of a prairie.DUnderground water was u
8、sed for the plants.3What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the last paragraph?AWe got blisters on our hands.BOur hard work was worthwhile.CThe garden would be famous.DThe project would be finished.4How did the author feel about the project?AAnnoyed. BCurious.CProud. DRegretful.B2020福州高三质量检
9、测They still bite, but new research shows labgrown mosquitoes are fighting dengue fevera dangerous disease that they normally would spread. Dengue infections appear to be dropping fast in communities in Indonesia, Vietnam, Brazil and Australia that are filled with the specially grown mosquitoes.Resea
10、rchers first injected (注射) mosquito eggs with Wolbachia bacteria thats common in insects and harmless to people in a lab. Infected females then pass the bacteria on through their eggs. Releasing enough Wolbachia carriers, both the females that bite and the males that dont, allows mating (交配) to spre
11、ad the bacteria through a local mosquito population.Rather than using chemicals to wipe out pests, “this is really about transforming the mosquito，” said Cameron Simmons of the nonprofit World Mosquito Program, which is conducting the research.The first success came from Australia. Starting in 2011,
12、 mosquitoes carrying Wolbachia were released in parts of North Queensland, and gradually spread through the local mosquito population. Dengue is spread when a mosquito bites someone who is infected, and then bites another person, but somehow Wolbachia blocks thatand local spread has nearly disappear
13、ed in those North Queensland communities, Simmons said.The studies are continuing in other countries. But the findings, presented at a meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, suggest its possible to turn at least some mosquitoes from a public health threat into annoying bit
14、ers.The work marks “exciting progress”， said Michigan State University professor Zhiyong Xi, who wasnt involved in the project but has long studied how Wolbachia can turn mosquitoes against themselves.More research is needed, specialists cautioned. “The results are pretty excitingstrong levels of re
15、ductionsbut there clearly are going to be things to be learned from the areas where the reductions are not as great，” said Penn State University professor Elizabeth McGraw.5What can we learn about the labgrown mosquitoes?AThey lose the ability to bite people.BThey become harmful to human beings.CThe
16、y carry dangerous Wolbachia bacteria.DThey spread Wolbachia bacteria by mating.6What does the underlined word “that” refer to in Paragraph 4?AThe bite from a mosquito.BThe local community.CThe spread of dengue.DThe infected person.7What does the last paragraph suggest?AThis research proves a complet
17、e success.BScientists agree on this research.CThere is still room for improvement.DMosquitoes turn themselves against harmful ones.8What is the best title for the text?ABacteriainfected Mosquitoes Bite Deadly DengueBTransform Mosquitoes into Annoying BitersCFight Against Mosquitoes with WolbachiaDHa
18、rmless Mosquitoes Are on Their WayC20192020西安五校高三联考Would you help a trapped robot? Some rats would. They can form social bonds with robots and will even rescue a robot rat that is trapped in a cage.Rats need to be highly attuned (熟悉) to social signals from others so they can identify friends to coop
19、erate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to lifeless things, Laleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robot rats.They housed eight adult rats with a robot rat for four days. The robot rat resembl
20、ed a large version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around and colorful markings. During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape.Next, the researchers trapped the social robot in a cage a
21、nd gave the rats the chance to set it free by pressing a lever (杠杆). Across 18 trials each, the living rats were likely to set the social robot free. “This suggests the rats viewed the social robot as a real social being，” says Quinn.“The rats may have bonded with the social robot because it showed
22、behavior like communal (共有的) exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favor when they get trapped，” says she.The robot was the same size as a regular rat. “Wed assumed wed have to give it a moving head and tail
23、, facial features, and put a smell on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasnt necessary，” says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research. “The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social signals, even when they come from robots.”9What does
24、the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe sensitivity of rats to social signals.BThe rats approach to identifying friends.CThe ability of rats to avoid enemies.DThe willingness of rats to talk with robots.10What is the robot rat in the experiment like?AIts smell is the same as a real r
25、ats.BIt looks like a big computer mouse.CIts head and tail can move naturally.DIt can behave and think like humans.11Why did the living rats set the social robot free according to Laleh Quinn?ATo make friends with it in the future.BTo return the favor they got from it.CTo view it as a real living ra
26、t.DTo get access to its help someday.12What can be a suitable title for the text?ARobots Have Social Skills like AnimalsBRats Are Fond of Robots like HumansCRats Can Bond with Social RobotsDRobots Are Able to Send Social Signals阅读理解技能保分练(八)A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会学校草原式花园文章大意介绍了我们班培植的“草原式花园”上电视的故事。1答案与解析：D
27、考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The producer checked with the directors, but they said there were plenty of stories similar to ours.many schools plant gardens.”可知，电视台的制片人和导演们核实了情况，但他们说有许多像我们这样的故事。他们想知道我们的花园有什么特殊之处，因为许多学校都培植花园。由此可推知，电视台的导演们最初对我们的花园是不感兴趣的。2答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句中的“We had been to a prairie and gotten s
28、eeds from the plants, and then we planted them.”可知，我们去过大草原，在那里获取草原植物的种子，然后把它们种在花园里。由此可知，我们的花园的特殊之处在于种子来自草原植物。故选C。3答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“All that work, all those blisters, it was worth it.”可知，画线词指代的是其中的“it was worth it”，即我们培植花园所付出的努力是值得的。故选B。4答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The news reporter told our story.
29、It was only two minutes long, but it was us.the whole city thought so, too.”可知，新闻记者报道了我们的故事，虽然只有两分钟，但是它是有关我们的。我们每天看到花园都觉得我们的努力是值得的，而且现在整个城市的人也会这样认为。由此可推知，作者为他们培植花园的项目感到自豪。故选C。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会疾病防治携带沃尔巴克氏菌的蚊子能够对抗登革热文章大意本文介绍了一项新的研究：研究人员在实验室里向蚊子的卵注射沃尔巴克氏菌，然后释放携带该细菌的蚊子，让其通过交配传播该细菌，以阻止通过蚊子传播的登革热。5答案与解析：
30、D考查细节理解。根据第二段尾句“Releasing enough Wolbachia carriers, both the females that bite and the males that dont, allows mating(交配) to spread the bacteria through a local mosquito population.”可知，实验室成长的蚊子通过交配传播沃尔巴克氏菌。故选D。6答案与解析：C考查代词指代。根据画线词所在句中的“Dengue is spread when a mosquito bites someone who is infected,
31、 and then bites another person, but somehow Wolbachia blocks that”可知，that在这里指代上文所说的登革热的传播。故选C。7答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据第七段第一句“More research is needed, specialists cautioned.”以及第二句中的“but there clearly are going to be things to be learned from the areas where the reductions are not as great”可知，专家提醒，还需要做更多的研究；
32、宾夕法尼亚州立大学的教授Elizabeth说对登革热发病率降低效果不明显的地区应做研究学习。由此可知，答案选C。8答案与解析：A考查主旨大意。根据第一段第一句并结合其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究：研究人员在实验室给蚊子的卵注射沃尔巴克氏菌，然后释放携带沃尔巴克氏菌的蚊子，让其交配来传播该细菌以阻止通过蚊子传播的登革热。故A项最适合作本文标题。C语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会科学实验老鼠解救受困机器鼠文章大意该文介绍了来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校的Laleh Quinn及其团队通过实验发现老鼠可以察觉到机器鼠发出的社交信号，并释放受困的机器鼠。9答案与解析：A考查代词指代。根据第二段第
33、一句“Rats need to be highly attuned(熟悉) to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.”及画线词所在句中的“whether rats can detect social signals from robot rats”可推知，this指的是老鼠对社交信号的敏感度。故选A。10答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句中的“The robot rat resembled a large version of a
34、 computer mouse”可知，实验中使用的机器鼠长得很像加大版的鼠标。故选B。根据最后一段Janet Wiles所说的话“Wed assumed wed have to give it .that wasnt necessary”可知，A、C两项只是研究人员在设计机器鼠时的想法，并没有真正实施，故排除。11答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“wanting the robot to return the favor when they get trapped”可推知，老鼠之所以愿意释放受困的机器鼠，是因为它们想在自己将来有难时对方能报答它们。故选D。12答案与解析：C考查主旨大意。根据第一段第三句“They can form social bonds with robots and will even rescue a robot rat that is trapped in a cage.”和本文介绍的老鼠解救受困机器鼠的科学实验可知，本文主要讲的是老鼠可以和社交机器人建立信任关系。故选C。