1、第二部分六大专题“2019年英语高考真题全国名校名卷”精选练专题一阅读理解 (一)健康、生活与学习 A(2019全国卷)For Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue, NY., today is speech day, and right now its Chris Palaezs turn. The 8yearold is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
2、But hes nervous. “Im here to tell you today why you should . should .” Chris trips on the “ld，” a pronunciation difficulty for many nonnative English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “. Vote for . me .”Except for some stumbles,_Chris is doing amazingly well.
3、When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls (回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to t
4、he bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, I d
5、ont know, but I want to know.”Whaley got the idea of this secondgrade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read an
6、d speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves.“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities，” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小学教师Whaley通过组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信的教学实践。1What made Chris nervo
7、us?ATelling a story.BMaking a speech.CTaking a test.DAnswering a question.答案：B细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“nervous”可定位到第二段第一句，并结合第一段中内容可知，今天是演讲日，现在轮到了Chris，虽然他看起来像那种喜欢在公共场合讲话的孩子，但是他很紧张。由此可知，演讲使Chris紧张。故选B。2What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?AImproper pauses.BBad manners.CSpelling mi
8、stakes.DSilly jokes.答案：A词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“you should . should .”以及“. Vote for . me .”这样的语句特点可知，Chris的演讲不流畅，也就是说有不适当的停顿。这是他表现不好的地方，与画线词后的句意“他完成得非常好”构成转折关系，与短语except for的语意相呼应。故选A。3We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to _.Ahelp students see their own strengthsBassess students public speaki
9、ng skillsCprepare students for their future jobsDinspire students love for politics答案：A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知，Whaley创办这个项目的目的不仅仅是让学生学会阅读和在公共场合演讲，他还希望学生学会自夸。A项意为“帮助学生看到自己的长处”，与原文意思相符。故选A。4Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?AHumorous.BAmbitious.CCaring.DDemanding.答案：C推理判断题。文章介绍了Wha
10、ley老师通过创办“总统竞选项目”，组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信。根据第二段中的“whispering support”和“. Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him”等细节也可看出Whaley老师是一个关心学生的老师。故选C。B(2019江西省三名校(临川一中、九江一中、江西师大附中)高三联考)The cost of living in countries like the US, Britain, Australia or France has skyrocketed (飞涨) in recent years. However
11、, if youre willing to leave your country and explore life in other areas, there are many countries boasting an extremely cheap and low cost of living. Check out the following countries when planning your next move.EcuadorEcuador is similar to the United States in many ways, and as a result has becom
12、e a popular American getaway. They even use the US dollar for their currency. In this country, its cheaper to eat out every day than cook for yourself on a budget in the US. You can even buy a property for around $50,000 and hire someone to tend to it while youre away.MexicoAlthough the country is k
13、nown for its povertyridden streets, there are many wealthier areas that provide every facility you might need. You can live off a mere $700 to $800 a month in Mexico, and this includes rent for a nice place, facilities, food, and any sightseeing.ArgentinaArgentina has been a popular tourist destinat
14、ion for many years. It has great restaurants, a rich history, and many places to explore. Not to mention, its not very expensive to live there. A decentsized home can cost around $139,000, which is relatively cheap in relation to homes in the United States.VietnamVietnam has also become a popular to
15、urist destination in recent years. There are many milliondollar luxury homes by the beach, but you can find a modest flat or small home for around $25,000 to $50,000 if you search in the right areas.篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个生活成本低的宜居国家。1How much does it take at least to live in Mexico for a year?AAbout $7,
16、000.BAbout $8,000.CAbout $8,400.DAbout $9,800.答案：C细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“You can live off a mere $700 to $800 a month in Mexico, and this includes rent for a nice place, facilities, food, and any sightseeing.”，并结合题干可知，在墨西哥生活一年至少花费：$7002What does Argentina and Vietnam have in common?AThey both have great res
17、taurants.BThe cost of living in them is both high.CThe middlesized homes both cost around $139,000.DPeople are all fond of travelling to the two countries.答案：D细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Argentina has been a popular tourist destination for many years.”和第五段第一句“Vietnam has also become a popular tourist destination
18、 in recent years.”可知，这两个国家都受到旅游者的热捧，故选D。3In which country did the purchaser probably pay extra money after he left?AEcuador.BMexico.CArgentina.DVietnam.答案：A推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“You can even buy a property for around $50,000 and hire someone to tend to it while youre away.”可推知，雇人看房子是要付费的，与题干吻合，故选A。C(2019广
19、东惠州市高三第二次调研考试)Do you find it difficult to put down your mobile phone?If yes, youre not alone. These days, many people suffer from the stress of FOMO (fear of missing out). They reach for their mobile phones when they wake up in the morning, and for the rest of the day, they constantly scroll down th
20、e timelines of their social media apps to get the latest updates.Despite the convenience smartphones bring, many people struggle with their digital habits.As Sameer Samat, vice president of product management, said in his speech at the 2018 Google I/O developer conference on May 8, 70% of people don
21、t want to spend so much time on their phones.This is why during the conference Google introduced an app called Dashboard for the new version of its Android operating system. This new app includes wellbeing functions that aim to help users manage the time they spend on their digital devices.It all st
22、arts with a birdseye view. Dashboard allows users to look at all the details of their phone habits. For example, users can see how many times theyve unlocked their phone and how many times theyve checked their social media apps, as well as how much time they spend on each app every day.Once the user
23、s see this information, theyll be able to make some changes. With the AppTimer functions, users can set a time limit for how long they can use each app for every day. After theyve hit the limit, they wont be able to launch the app until the next day.But even if users become more mindful of their usa
24、ge, theyre still likely to be drawn in by notifications (通知). This is where the Shush feature comes in. It automatically silences incoming calls and notifications when a user puts his/her phone face down.If people truly want to make full use of their free time instead of losing hours using their sma
25、rtphones, these new functions are just one way of doing that.After all, who needs to use an app to stop you from using other apps when the easiest answer would be just to use your willpower?篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章以人们不想浪费过多的时间在手机上为切入点，介绍了一款可以用来阻止人们过度使用手机的应用程序，包括其功能和特色等。1People under the pressure of FOMO may
26、 _.Ahave trouble with their sleepBfind it hard to focus on anythingCbe addicted to their mobile phonesDprefer to download the latest apps答案：C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They reach for their mobile phones when they wake up in the morning, and for the rest of the day, they constantly scroll down the timelines of th
27、eir social media apps to get the latest updates.”可推知，承受着FOMO的压力，人们可能沉迷于手机。故选C。2What inspires Google to launch Dashboard?AThe limited functions of the current Android system.BPeoples complaint about their smartphones.CSamats impressive speech at a conference.DMobile phone users great demand.答案：D推理判断题
28、。根据语境并结合第四段中的“70% of people dont want to spend so much time on their phones”可知，70%的人不想花那么多时间在手机上。据此可推知，Google推出Dashboard是因为手机用户的极大需求。故选D。3_ can track users phone habits in detail.AAndroidBAppTimerCShushDDashboard答案：D细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Dashboard allows users to look at all the details of their phone habit
29、s.”可知，Dashboard可以详细跟踪用户使用手机的习惯。故选D。4What can be learned from the passage?ADashboard turned out to be popular.BDashboard is a perfect choice to manage time properly.CStrong willpower is the easiest way to avoid smartphone addiction.DPeople are exploring other ways to stop overusing smartphones.答案：C细节
30、理解题。根据最后一段“After all, who needs to use an app to stop you from using other apps when the easiest answer would be just to use your willpower？”可知，其实最简单的阻止自己过度使用手机的方法就是用自己的意志力。故选C。D(2019山东省枣庄八中月考) There are plenty of people in the UK for whom even basic English is a problem. According to the survey, 72
31、6,000 people in England and Wales said they could not speak English well, and another 138,000 said they did not speak it at all.Ling, 40, who arrived five years ago from China, found it difficult to learn English. “When I came here, I was pregnant and so I was at home for the next three years. It to
32、ok me longer to learn as I was very busy with the children.” Eventually she was able to begin taking classes and now speaks good conversational English. But even with classes, it can be a long process to pick up the language.Age is the most important factor in language study, said Mila Vulchanova, p
33、rofessor of linguistics (语言学) at Norwegian University of Science and Technology. “There is a sensitive period in language learning, which is biologically determined. So the younger the immigrants (移民), the better. Since this decline is only gradual, teenagers are at an advantage over adults，” he sai
34、d.There are a number of systems for grading English. The government expects immigrants to reach “ESOL Entry 3”or “B1 level” in Scotland, before they can be given citizenship. It is equal to being able to hold a confident conversation and it might take 360 hours of study to achieve.George Osborne, th
35、e UK chancellor (财政大臣), said in June that benefit claimants (申请救济金者) who dont speak English will have their benefits cut if they fail to attend language courses. Huan Japes, deputy chief executive of English UK, a trade body for language colleges, said it needed 360 hours120 hours for each of three
36、stagesto get to the result the government expected benefit claimants to reach.“Using 120 hours (for each stage of English fluency) is a rather traditional approach to course book learning，” said Dr Elaine Boyd, head of English language at Trinity College London. “If someone is really highly motivate
37、d, they can learn really quickly. Its common for children under the age of 11 to be fluent in about six months.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在英国，许多移民不能说一口流利英语这一现状，作者借助专家们的观点告诉我们怎样学好英语，练就一口流利的英语。1The first paragraph serves as a(n) _.AintroductionBdiscussionCexplanationDconclusion答案：A推理判断题。通读本段可知，本段第一句说“在英国有很多人
38、，即使是基础英语也是个问题”，接着根据调查可知，在英格兰和威尔士有很多人英语说得不好甚至根本不会说英语。因此推知，这是为了引出下文的许多移民不会说英语的现状，告诉我们如何学好英语，故选A。2What does Mila Vulchanova mainly stress?AThe importance of key teaching ways.BThe necessity of working hard at English.CThe advantages of learning English.DThe importance of starting learning English at an
39、 early age.答案：D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“There is a sensitive period in language learning”和“So the younger the immigrants (移民), the better. Since this decline is only gradual, teenagers are at an advantage over adults”可知，Mila Vulchanova认为对于移民来说，学英语越早越好，年龄小是优势。因此可推知，他在强调早学英语的重要性，故选D。3The UK government hopes that
40、 benefit claimants _.Areach “ESOL Entry 1”Bare advanced English learnersCstudy English for about 360 hoursDget citizenship from the government first答案：C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“said it needed 360 hours120 hours for each of three stagesto get to the result the government expected benefit claimants to reach”可知
41、，申请救济金者需要360个小时三个阶段，120个小时一阶段才能达到政府预期的英语水平，分析选项可知C项符合题意。4What Dr Elaine Boyd said suggested that _.A120 hours is a high level for learnersBone can learn English fast if activeCEnglish fluency can be easily achievedDchildren under 11 learn English hard答案：B推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，如果有很强的动机，人们学习英语就更快，故选B。(二
42、)做人与做事A(2019济南外国语学校高考模拟)We are all human and have weaknesses. Even if your physical appearance or social skills arent what you wish they were, that doesnt have to stop you from being confident. Heres how to believe in yourself.Make a list of special talents you have, or things you do that are goodmo
43、rally or otherwise. It doesnt have to be a specific skill; it can be an approach or an attitude that you hold through life. Do you always stay calm, cool and collected, even in hurried situations? Are you very patient with people? Do you always see the humorous side of things? Are you always there f
44、or your friends?Know that you have important things to say and do. When you feel strongly about something, speak loudly and clearly and make eye contact with people. People will judge you all the time, and usually theyll misjudge you anyway, so why bother trying to live_up_to their opinions at all?T
45、ake care of yourself. Eat a healthy diet and get enough exercise. Dont abuse your body, dont overload it, and dont deny any of the things it needs. At the same time, dont obsess (沉迷). Buying all the moisturizers (润肤霜) and creams will not bring you closer to who you want to be. Those things are only
46、bandaids and makeup. Confidence comes from within. In order to be confident, you must value yourself and understand that your wellbeing is important.Improve your posture. Having good posture can actually make you feel more confident. Dont drop your shoulders. Make sure that your back is straight, yo
47、ur shoulders are square, and your chest sticks out slightly (but stay loose, otherwise youll appear stubborn and nervous). Good posture also helps with deep breathing, which helps with feeling calm and relaxed.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。虽然我们都有缺点，但我们仍要有自信。文章分段论述了增强自信的具体措施。1What is the best title for the text?AHow
48、 to keep a good shapeBThe way to successCWhat talents you needDHow to be confident答案：D标题判断题。文章第一段提出我们都是人，都有自己的缺点，但要相信自己，要自信。接着介绍如何让你自信。文章反复出现confident。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D项。2Whats the meaning of the underlined words in Paragraph 3?ADo as well as others expect you to.BCare about.CDont agree with others.D
49、Praise.答案：A词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“People will judge you all the time, and usually theyll misjudge you anyway, so why bother trying to live up to their opinions at all？”可知，人们总是会评判你，而且通常无论你怎么样，他们都会误判你，这样的话，为什么还要按他们说的做呢？本句是说既然你怎么做都会被误解，所以没必要按他们说的做，做得像他们要你做的那么好。选项A(do as well as others expect you to “做得和别人期望的一
50、样好”)符合题意，故选A。3Why does the author mention “moisturizers (润肤霜) and creams” in Paragraph 4?ATo tell us they are all very important for people to become beautiful.BTo show us these things are not necessities for confidence.CTo show us that moisturizers (润肤霜) and creams are special diet for our skin.DTo
51、 tell the readers they are essential to their wellbeing.答案：B推理判断题。根据第四段中的第五、六、七句“Buying all the moisturizers (润肤霜) and creams will not bring you closer to who you want to be. Those things are only bandaids and makeup. Confidence comes from within.”可知，购买所有的润肤霜和面霜不会让你更接近你想成为的人。那些东西仅仅是权宜之计。信心来自内心。分析选项可
52、知B项(向我们展示这些东西不是信心的必需品)符合题意，故选B。B(2019全国卷)“You can use me as a last resort (选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse (长曲棍球) club.I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedul
53、e, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug_at_the_heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on . At this point th
54、e unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, Ill do it.”Im secretly relieved because I know theres real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for endofseason gifts. Somewhere along the way, the s
55、ame parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still, most of us
56、volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more：Connecting to the community (社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just fee
57、ls so good.In that sense, Im pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than Id freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者自己参与并鼓励他人参与志愿工作的经历，论述了志愿工作的独特意义。1What can we infer ab
58、out the parent from her reply in Paragraph 1?AShe knows little about the club.BShe isnt good at sports.CShe just doesnt want to volunteer.DShes unable to meet her schedule.答案：C推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，这位家长要求把她当作最后的选择，如果没人愿意做，她再做。由此推知她不愿意参与志愿者活动。另外，第三段第二句中的“the unwilling parent”也印证了答案。2What does the underlin
59、ed phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean?AEncourage teamwork.BAppeal to feelings.CPromote good deeds.DProvide advice.答案：B词义猜测题。根据画线短语前一句可知，这位家长可能需要一点点劝说。随后作者对这位家长进行了举例劝说：一位有四个孩子的单亲母亲在主持这次活动，一位孩子不在此队的父亲担任长曲棍球队的教练。这些例子都是为了吸引这位家长来做志愿工作，故答案为B。3What can we learn about the parent from Parag
60、raph 3?AShe gets interested in lacrosse.BShe is proud of her kids.CShell work for another season.DShe becomes a good helper.答案：D推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，这位不情愿的家长在参与了这项活动后，安排用餐时间、发送电子邮件、筹款买赛季末礼物，每件事都安排得很妥当。在这个过程中，她最终成为团队中非常宝贵的一员，这说明这位开始不情愿参加的家长最终成为团队里的一个好帮手。4Why does the author like doing volunteer work?AI
61、t gives her a sense of duty.BIt makes her very happy.CIt enables her to work hard.DIt brings her material rewards.答案：B推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句可知，作者之所以喜欢做志愿工作，是因为这使她很快乐。C(2019石家庄高中毕业班教学质量检测)At the age of seven, while his friends were spending their allowance on things like candy and toys, Jose Adolfo Quisocol
62、a was busy saving money for basic purchases. To try to get his peers (同龄人) to do the same, the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an ecobank, the Bartselana Student Bank, which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment.Set up in 2012, the bank i
63、s the worlds first bank for kids. To become a member, a kid has to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank “partners” are required to deposit at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and observe other requirements, such a
64、s attending financial education and environmental management workshops.The waste accumulated is sold to local recycling companies, which, thanks to Joses efforts, pay a higherthanmarket rate for everything brought in by the bank members. The money received is placed in the personal account where the
65、y collect until the savings goal is reached. The account holder can then withdraw the money, or choose to leave it and make it continue to grow for a bigger target. “At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy or that a child could not undertake this type of project，” Jose recalls. “They did n
66、ot understand that we are not the future of the country but its present. Luckily, I had the support of the school headmaster and an assistant in my class.”The boys efforts paid off, and by 2013, the bank had over 200 members, who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the ecobank, which now
67、has the support of several local institutions, boasts ten educational centers. They are designed to teach over 3,000 students, aged 10 to 18, to become financially independent, use their money wisely, and help the environment.Not surprisingly, Joses efforts have earned him several national and inter
68、national awards. On November 20, 2018, Jose won Childrens Climate Prize, which comes with a medal and $5,500 in prize money and is given to a child or youth who has accomplished an extraordinary achievement for the climate or environment.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。当其他的孩子把零花钱花在糖果和玩具上时，七岁的Jose却想着如何储蓄。在校长的支持下，他成立了学
69、生生态银行，让学生带废品开户，之后将废品销售给收购商。该银行受到了孩子们的欢迎。1Why did Jose set up the bank?ATo raise money and set up a recycling company.BTo buy necessities and donate them to needy kids.CTo save much money and protect the environment.DTo educate the students and help them win prizes.答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“To try to get hi
70、s peers (同龄人) to do the same, the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an ecobank, the Bartselana Student Bank, which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment.”可知，为了让他的同龄人也这么做，这个来自秘鲁的男孩想出了一个生态银行的点子，这个点子能让各个年龄段的孩子变得经济独立，同时也有助于环境保护。据此可知，Jose创立生态银行旨
71、在储蓄的同时保护环境，故C项正确。2How can a kid be admitted to the ecobank?ABy donating to the ecobank.BBy turning in one kilogram of waste in a month.CBy sending in an application.DBy presenting a savings goal and a certain amount of waste.答案：D细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“To become a member, a kid has to bring in at least 5 kil
72、ograms of solid waste and set a savings goal.”可知，若要成为生态银行的一员，一个孩子必须至少上交5千克的固体垃圾，并设定一个储蓄目标，故D项正确。3How did the teachers feel about Joses program?ADoubtful.BExcited.CMoved.DWorried.答案：A推理判断题。根据第三段第四句中的“At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy or that a child could not undertake this type of pr
73、oject”可知，开始时老师们认为Jose疯了，认为一个孩子不能承担这种类型的项目。据此可推知，老师们对Jose的项目持怀疑态度，故A项正确。4What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?AHow the environment is improved.BWhat the project has achieved.CHow tons of waste has been recycled.DWhat support the local institutions get.答案：B段落大意题。根据第四段的第一句“The boys efforts paid off, and by
74、 2013, the bank had over 200 members, who brought in one ton of recyclable waste.”可知，Jose的努力得到了回报，到2013年，该银行已有200多名成员，他们带来了一吨可回收垃圾；并结合该段其他内容可知，该段主要介绍了生态银行的成就，故B项正确。D(2019云南省玉溪一中高三第二次调研考试)When my sister Mertie told me she had put out tomato plants last summer, I was quite impressed.Since she was a ga
75、rdenbeginner, Mertie researched exactly how far apart to space her tomato plants; what kind of fertilizer to use; how to keep away the bugs, etc. Once they were planted, she took care of them daily, anxiously awaiting the juicy tomatoes to appear. But, day after day, her plants were tomatoless while
76、 all of her neighbors who had also put out tomato plants were already enjoying the fruit of their labor.Frustrated, Mertie gave in and went to the market to search fresh tomatoes. While paying, Mertie told the farmer her troubles. The farmer paused to think for a moment and then asked, “Well, what k
77、ind of tomatoes did you plant？”“I think they were called Big Boy，” Mertie remembered.“Well, theres your problem，” the farmer explained. “Big Boy and Better Boy tomatoes have a 95day growing period whereas regular tomato plants produce fruit in as few as 70 days . you just have to wait a little longe
78、r for the Big Boys.”With that new knowledge, Mertie went home with excitement, knowing they would be worth the wait.Thinking about my sisters gardening experience, I had to smile. She just didnt know that Big Boy tomatoes took longerneither did Ibut once she discovered that information, she was no l
79、onger discouraged and upset about the lack of tomatoes on her plants. Instead, she was encouraged and excited to see them a few weeks later.It makes me wonder how many of us have “Big Boy” dreams in our hearts, yet we just dont realize that they are of the “Big Boy” variety so we are discouraged and
80、 worn out with the waiting process. Instead of waiting with excitement, we give up on our dreams and figure we must have done something wrong to stop them from coming to pass. Frustrated, we see other peoples dreams coming true, and we wonder why ours havent yet been achieved.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过妹妹种
81、西红柿的经历告诉我们，要实现梦想，有时需要耐心等待。1What is not mentioned in the passage when growing tomato plants?AUsing suitable fertilizer.BKeeping them well apart.CWatering them regularly.DControlling pests on them.答案：C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mertie researched exactly how far apart to space her tomato plants; what kind of fertil
82、izer to use; how to keep away the bugs, etc.”可知，Mertie给她种的西红柿分苗、施肥和控制害虫。只有C项“定期浇水”未提及。2Why did Merties tomato plants fail to produce at the expected time?ABecause they were destroyed by her neighbors.BBecause she grew the wrong kind of tomatoes.CBecause she didnt manage the garden well.DBecause they
83、 required more time to produce.答案：D细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，Mertie种植的西红柿品种Big Boy比一般西红柿生长和挂果需要的时间长，所以还需要一段时间才能成熟，故选D。3What does the author compare tomatoes to in the text?AGoals.BExperiences.CTime.DImagination.答案：A推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是第一句可知，我们内心有许多梦想，但没有意识到梦想尤如“Big Boy”这个品种一样，周期较长，在等待过程中，我们会失望以致放弃梦想。作者在文中把西红柿比作梦
84、想和目标，故选A。4What does the text intend to show us?AIts better late than never.BA bad beginning makes a bad ending.CSuccess sometimes needs a little patience.DA bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.答案：C推理判断题。妹妹精心种植西红柿，但别人的西红柿成熟时她的却没有成熟，当想放弃时才从一位农夫处得知，她种植的西红柿品种不一样，成熟时间更长。作者通过这件事告诉我们要成功有时需要耐心等待，故选C。(
85、三)社会服务与人际沟通A(2019广东省七校联合体高三第一次联考)On January 13, 2016, France became the first country in the world to pass a law requiring supermarkets to donate food that is approaching its expiration date (保质期) instead of throwing it away. The regulation that applies to supermarkets over 4,000 square feet require
86、s stores to sign official donation agreements with local food banks.The law also makes it illegal for stores to pour water over nearlyexpired food, or store it inside locked warehouses until it is picked up by the garbage trucks. These measures are often undertaken by supermarkets to prevent the hun
87、gry from searching for food through the dustbins.Though that may appear cruel, the stores claim they do it to avoid potential food poisoning that could occur if the product is on its way past its expiry. Those who do not obey the new law face the risk of heavy fines.Also, excess goods like yogurt or
88、 milk that are likely to go bad quickly are now allowed to be donated directly to the food banks. Though this has always been possible, the current process is long and complex, making it difficult for producers to give away the food in a timely manner.Frances food banks are of course thrilled about
89、the possibility of receiving extra food. Jacques Bailet, who heads a network of French food banks called the Banques Alimentaires, says that of the 110,000 tons of goods received annually, only 36,000 tons come from supermarkets. Bailet estimates (估计) that just a 15% increase in supermarket donation
90、s would translate to over 10 million additional meals to feed the hungry each year.Though this is a great first step, Arash Dermabarsh, the activist responsible for the grassroots movement that led to the ban, is not done. He now wants to extend the law to other places like restaurants and also try
91、to convince other countries in the European Union to pass similar regulations. These steps are necessary because of the over 9 million tons of food wasted in France, an astonishing 67% is thrown away by consumers, with supermarkets and restaurants making up the rest.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。法国成为世界上第一个通过法律规定要求超
92、市捐赠接近保质期食物给粮食银行而不是扔掉食物的国家。该规定有效防止了食物浪费。1What should stores do with nearlyexpired food?AThrow it away.BSend it to the hungry.CStore it in refrigerators.DGive it away to food banks.答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“France became the first country in the world to pass a law requiring supermarkets to donate food that i
93、s approaching its expiration date (保质期) instead of throwing it away. The regulation that applies to supermarkets over 4,000 square feet requires stores to sign official donation agreements with local food banks”可知，法国通过的这项法律要求商店必须将即将过期的食品捐献给粮食银行，而不是扔掉，故D项正确。2What does the underlined word “excess” in
94、Paragraph 4 probably mean?AExtra.BCheap.CSeasonal.DReturned.答案：A词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句“Also, excess goods like yogurt or milk that are likely to go bad quickly are now allowed to be donated directly to the food banks.”可知，酸奶或牛奶等可能很快就会变质的过多产品现在可以直接捐赠给粮食银行，符合语境；据此可以判断，画线词意为“额外的，超额的”，故A项“额外的，附加的”正确。3What might
95、Bailet agree with about the French food banks?AThey have a lot of expired food.BThey will get much benefit from the law.CTheir food is enough for the people in need.DTheir food mainly comes from supermarkets.答案：B细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Frances food banks are of course thrilled about the possibility of receiv
96、ing extra food.”和最后一句可知，Bailet认为，法国的粮食银行将从这项法律中受益良多，故B项正确。4What does Dermabarsh plan to do?ABuild more food banks in France.BMake the law take effect in more places.CLaunch a campaign to promote this law.DRaise consumers awareness of waste reduction.答案：B细节理解题。根据尾段第二句“He now wants to extend the law t
97、o other places like restaurants and also try to convince other countries in the European Union to pass similar regulations.”可知，Arash Dermabarsh计划将这项法律推行到其他场所和欧盟的其他国家，故B项正确。B(2019浙江高考)Money_with_no_strings_attached. Its not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month,
98、a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socioeconomic (社会经济的) backgrounds gave and t
99、ook，” said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. “We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.” Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip (片段) shows one man who had foun
100、d a $20 bill pinning it to the board.“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles，” Bridges said. “Theres a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most.” Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges s
101、aid a very small number took as much as they could.While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.“After all,
102、everyone has bad days and good days，” he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要向读者介绍了Tyler Bridges创办的一项“尽你所能，取你所需”的活动。这一活动吸引了许多不同的人，其唯一目的就是展现人们的慷慨和同情心。结果显示，人们付出的多，获取的少，达到了预期效果。1What does the expression “money with no string
103、s attached” in Paragraph 1 mean?AMoney spent without hesitation.BMoney not legally made.CMoney offered without conditions.DMoney not tied together.答案：C句意理解题。根据第一段中的“Give What You Can, Take What You Need.(尽你所能，取你所需)”可知，此处“money with no strings attached”的意思应该是“无条件提供钱”，故C项正确。2What did Bridges want to s
104、how by mentioning the bride?AWomen tended to be more sociable.BThe activity attracted various people.CEconomic problems were getting worse.DYoung couples needed financial assistance.答案：B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“People of all ages, races, and socioeconomic (社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took， .” 可知，这项活动吸引了不同年龄、不同
105、种族、不同社会经济背景的人们，甚至有一位穿礼服的新娘都来拿了几美元。提到这位新娘的目的是说明这项活动吸引了许多不同的人，故B项正确。3Why did Bridges carry out the project?ATo do a test on peoples morals.BTo raise money for his company.CTo earn himself a good reputation.DTo promote kindness and sympathy.答案：D细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，Bridges开展该项活动的目的是展现人们的慷慨和同情心，故选D项。C(2019山
106、东省济宁一中高三第一次调研考试)If you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simpleeat the same food as they do. Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them.During experiments, discussions over
107、wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats. And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time.The reason is thought to be socalled similarity attraction theorywhere people
108、 tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves. But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in this relationship. Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine foods role in earning trust.In a test
109、, participants were told to watch TVwhere someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product. The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble (咬), while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked.The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an
110、interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too.The researchers added, “Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such. They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do. It
111、means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions (交易) from the start.”Harley Street psychologist Dr Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust. But this was the first report that food had
112、 the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have common ground and can trust the other person. That means negotiations are more likely to be successful.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“similarity attraction theory (相似相吸理论)”，这种理论告诉我们人们倾向于喜欢和他们有相似品味和习惯的人。1Accordin
113、g to the passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who _.Areduces the price of his productsBadvertises his products on TVChas the same taste as themDpays attention to the quality of his products答案：C推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“The reason is thought to be socalled similarity attraction theorywhe
114、re people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves.”可知，人们倾向于喜欢和他们有相似品味和习惯的人。由此类推，顾客可能会购买和他们有相同品味的销售商的产品，故C项正确。2The experiments conducted by researchers at Chicago University show that _.Abosses like employees that have the same taste as themBfood plays an important role in
115、 earning peoples trustCpeople who have similar tastes to their bosss earn moreDpeople have less interest in buying products advertised on TV答案：B推理判断题。根据第五段“The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat
116、 too.”可知，研究结果说明观众容易受到吃同样食物的推销者的影响产生购买行为。说明食物在获得人们的信任方面起着重要的作用。同时结合第三段最后一句可知B项正确。3What can be inferred from the passage?AThe effect of wearing similar clothes hasnt been proved by researchers.BPeople are more likely to make friends with those wearing the same clothes as them.CPeople who eat similar f
117、ood are more likely to trust each other.DPeople will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things.答案：C推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“The reason is thought to be socalled similarity attraction theorywhere people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves.”可知，人们倾向于喜欢和他们有相似品味和习
118、惯的人。由第三段最后一句以及第五段可知，芝加哥大学研究人员的研究证明食物在获得人们的信任方面起着重要作用，也就是说喜欢相似食物的人更可能相互信任，故C项正确。4Which of the following sayings can be an example of the similarity attraction theory?AHonesty is the best policy.BAll good things come to an end.CWhere there is a will, there is a way.DBirds of a feather flock together.答
119、案：D推理判断题。本文介绍了相似相吸理论。D项“人以群分，物以类聚”表示趣味相投的人会在一起，与该理论一致，故D项正确。D(2019石家庄市重点高中高三毕业班摸底考试)Many Canadians are aware that problems with the nations health care system have resulted in a lack of hospital beds and medical equipment, overcrowded emergency rooms, long waiting lists, and not enough family doctor
120、s.Over the last 10 years, the number of medical students choosing the family practice as their lifelong career has been dropping at a surprising rate. When asked why they lack interest in family medicine, the students cite (援引) a heavy student debt load and the long hours required of a doctor who is
121、 managing the family practice. As in other kinds of work, young doctors today want a balance between their professional and personal lives.In British Columbia (BC) this problem is made worse because the province produces fewer medical graduates for each person than any other province in Canada. The
122、provincial government has committed itself to doubling the number of medical student graduates. This strategy doesnt come close to giving us the new doctors needed each year in BC to replace those who are retiring, moving out of the province, reducing their hours of practice, or dying.The primary ca
123、re system is showing its cracks. Ten years ago, 2,030 of BCs family doctors were providing obstetrical (产科的) care. Today just 945 are performing this invaluable service. Although delivering babies is a “good news” area of medicine, the hours are long, but the reward for bringing new life into the wo
124、rld is modest. Its no surprise, then, that many of BCs family doctors are no longer taking on new patients. In 1999, there were 1,420 family doctors accepting new patientsin 2004 that number declined to 599, a drop of 58%.The foundation of primary care needs to be strengthened. The Working Agreement
125、 between the doctors and the government includes a series of primary care renewal projects designed to make the family practice more attractive to medical graduates, improve upon working conditions, and entice family doctors from outside BC to start their business here. Yet still more needs to be do
126、ne.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大家庭医生严重缺乏的问题。1What makes medical students unwilling to be family physicians?AThe student debt and long working hours.BLong term of study at a medical school.CA limited number of places in the medical school.DAn increasing number of patients and long waiting lists for specia
127、lists.答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“When asked why they lack interest in family medicine, the students cite (援引) a heavy student debt load and the long hours required of a doctor who is managing the family practice.”可知，学生债务负担和工作时间长成为阻碍医科学生选择成为家庭医生的两大障碍，故选A。2What does the text say about family doctors in BC?ATh
128、ey are no longer needed.BThey are too few in number.CThey will soon become abundant.DThey are rapidly leaving the province.答案：B细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句“Ten years ago, 2,030 of BCs family doctors were providing obstetrical (产科的) care. Today just 945 are performing this invaluable service.”，并结合本段最后一句“In 1999,
129、 there were 1,420 family doctors accepting new patientsin 2004 that number declined to 599, a drop of 58%.”可知，在不列颠哥伦比亚(BC)，家庭医生的数量在急剧下降，缺口很大，故选B。3Which can replace the underlined word “entice” in the last paragraph?AForbid.BHire.CRemind.DAttract.答案：D词义猜测题。根据最后一段第二句中的关键词“attractive”和“improve”可推知，画线词在
130、此处的含义与D项“吸引”相近，故选D。4What is the primary purpose of the text?ATo show sympathy for family doctors.BTo inspire young people to be family doctors.CTo stress the urgent need of more family doctors.DTo tell the disadvantages of being family doctors.答案：C推理判断题。根据第一段的点题，并结合全文的内容可推知，本文主要介绍了加拿大家庭医生严重缺乏的问题，故选C
131、。(四)文学、艺术与体育A(2019全国卷)My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and coauthor of the This Book Will series (系列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahls writing and it gave me a new appreciation
132、 for his strange and delightful worlds. Matildas battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but theyre also aspirational. After DarkHaruki MurakamiIts about two sistersEri, a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping, and Mari, a
133、young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse “night people” who are hidingsecrets.Gone GirlGillian FlynnThere was a bit of me that didnt want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. The
134、res tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. Its a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise whats going on is horribly enjoyable.The StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbre
135、ak wipes out 99.4% of the worlds population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。著名作家Jo Usmar向读者介绍了几本她最喜欢的书。1Who does “I” refer to in the text?AStephen King.BGillian Flynn.CJo Usmar.DRoald Dahl.答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一
136、句可知，Jo Usmar在下文要为读者推荐几本她最喜欢的书，这说明下文中的“I”指的就是Jo Usmar。2Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?ACosmopolitan.BMatilda.CAfter Dark.DThe Stand.答案：C细节理解题。根据After Dark部分第一句可知，After Dark讲述了Mari和Eri的故事。3What kind of book is Gone Girl?AA folk tale.BA biography.CA love story.DA horror story.答案：D细节理解题
137、。根据Gone Girl部分中的“. the horror story is brilliant”可知，Gone Girl这本书属于恐怖故事。B(2019湖南省高三六校联考)Keeping fit often means sharing a busy pathway with cyclists, runners and walkers, but imagine facing the task of doing it all without being able to see or hear. It is a challenge many disabled athletes face, unle
138、ss someone agrees to be their eyes and ears.Newly formed group Achilles Brisbane pairs visionand hearingimpaired (视觉和听觉受损的) athletes with people who would like to guide them.Jane Britt, president of Achilles Brisbane, who is visionand hearingimpaired, said, “When we go out, its much less frightening
139、 to have someone beside us that has full hearing to listen for us and tell us whats there.”Ms Cullen and Ms Britt meet up most Saturday mornings to take part in the free fivekilometer park run. Their partnership is built on trust, but Ms Britt said that it took time to develop.Ms Britt said it took
140、an unexpected storm for her to trust Ms Cullen completely. “There was violent rain, my glasses were broken and we were walking together. I suddenly had to tell her I couldnt see anything, and I was going to have to completely trust her. From that time I knew it was going to work because she was so g
141、ood about dealing with the special situation we both found ourselves in，” she said.Isabella Allen and her seeingeye dog Tatum are two new additions to the Achilles Brisbane. Ms Allen kept active by rowing, running and cycling but found it difficult to keep going as her vision became worse. After nea
142、rly giving up completely, she worked up the courage to ask Achilles Brisbane to find someone to share a boat with her.Ms Allen said the fear of not finding anyone to row with almost stopped her from reaching out to Achilles Brisbane. “But, they found people and matched me to them，” she said. “Its th
143、e best thing Ive ever done.”篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。残疾人参加体育锻炼与正常人是不同的，他们常常面临各种挑战，为此专门成立了一个锻炼帮扶组织。文章讲述了该组织帮扶的两个具体事例。1What does Paragraph 1 try to show?AThe danger of walking on a busy road.BThe difficulty the disabled athletes face.CThe exercise people do to keep fit.DThe necessity of building roads for the bl
144、ind.答案：B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“but imagine facing the task of doing it all without being able to see or hear. It is a challenge many disabled athletes face, unless someone agrees to be their eyes and ears”可知，对于视觉和听觉受损的运动员来说，参加锻炼是一项挑战，除非有人做他们的耳朵和眼睛；由此可推知，第一段旨在说明残疾人运动员所面临的困难。故B项正确。2How does Jane Britt feel abo
145、ut going out alone?ARelaxed.BExcited.CWorried.DBored.答案：C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When we go out, its much less frightening to have someone beside us that has full hearing to listen for us and tell us whats there.”可知，Jane Britt认为，他们出去的时候，如果他们身旁有听力正常的人为他们去听并告诉他们那里有什么，那就没有那么可怕了。由此可推知，Jane Britt对独自外出感到担忧。故C项正确。3W
146、hat happened in the heavy rain according to Ms Britt?AShe developed a strong sense of teamwork.BShe led Ms Cullen forward on the road.CShe began to rely on Ms Cullen as her guide.DShe fell down on the ground.答案：C细节理解题。根据第五段的内容，尤其是“I suddenly had to tell her I couldnt see anything, and I was going to
147、 have to completely trust her.”可知，Britt的眼镜在大雨中碎了，她看不到东西，完全依靠Cullen女士帮她指路。故C项正确。4What was the best thing Ms Allen has done?AAsking Achilles Brisbane for help.BWorking in Achilles Brisbane.CExercising nonstop.DMeeting Tatum.答案：A细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“But, they found people and matched me to them， she said
148、. Its the best thing Ive ever done.”可知，Allen女士认为她做的最好的事情是向Achilles Brisbane求助。故A项正确。C(2019河北衡水中学高三二调考试)“Tomorrow is another day”this line has impressed various people at various times. Its now 70 years after it appeared in the film, but it still seems to hold its power especially during an economic
149、downturn.The phrase comes from a film adaptation of Margaret Mitchells successful 1936 novel Gone With the Wind. Its set in the American South and tells the story of a strong heroine, Scarlett OHara, who struggles to find love during the Civil War and, afterwards, of her strength in surviving the wa
150、r and its hardships.Love storyIn a moment of despair, Scarlett finally realizes that her love belongs to Rhett Butler. For many audiences, it is the theme of love and struggle that has kept the movie alive. While the burning of Atlanta might seem irrelevant (不相关的) to todays viewers, the timeless the
151、me of love keeps its ability to touch people.With a promise to her lover still in her mind, Scarlett chooses to stay in the midst of war and take care of Melanie. But her heart is broken when Rhett just walks away, leaving the woman that he once loved with cruel words, “Frankly, dear, I dont give a
152、damn.”Great epic (史诗)The film shows the lovehate relationship of these characters, but also American history, the fall of the Confederacy and the following period of Reconstruction in the South. The background made this film a true classic in the epic genre.When the film opened after World War ， Fre
153、nch viewers loved it, and it reminded them of their fight against the Nazis. In 1940 Shanghai, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (侵略), people stood in line for hours to watch this film, and saw the same suffering they were having as well as the hope and possibility of building
154、 a new homeland from the ruins. Each nationality could identify with the story and see it as a victory. In fact, Gone With the Wind never lost its charm and ability to inspire and amaze.Biggest of all timeThe film had five directors, 15plus screenwriters, and an unexpected $3.9 million budget. The f
155、ilm brought in $200 million, which makes it the biggest selling film of all times in North America. It also won 10 Academy Awards in 1940.篇章导读：本文是一篇电影评论。文章向读者介绍了电影飘所反映的时代背景、艺术魅力和社会影响。1The underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refers to _.Athe novel Gone with the WindB“tomorrow is another day”C
156、the movie Gone with the WindDthe Academy Award答案：B指代判断题。根据前后文中的关键信息“this line”和“in the film”可知，it指代上文提及的“Tomorrow is another day”这句台词。2The text is written mainly to _.Acelebrate the anniversary of Margaret MitchellBintroduce how the film was directed and filmedCthrow light on (阐述) the charm of the m
157、ovie Gone with the WindDinspire people to struggle the economic downturn答案：C推理判断题。通读全文，尤其结合倒数第二段最后一句可知，全文主要阐明电影飘的艺术魅力。3It can be concluded that Scarlett OHara is _.Aoptimistic and luckyBchildish and realisticCcaring and stubbornDstrongminded and persistent (坚毅的)答案：D推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句及第四段中的“With a pro
158、mise to her lover still in her mind, Scarlett chooses to stay in the midst of war and take care of Melanie.”可知，电影中的女主人公Scarlett意志坚定且执着。4The passage mentions Shanghai in order to _.Aprove that the background of the movie touched viewersBdescribe how popular the movie was at that timeCpoint out that S
159、hanghai was a center of entertainmentDtell us that Chinese were suffering the War then答案：A推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到的几个例子正是为了证明倒数第三段最后一句“The background made this film a true classic in the epic genre.”即该电影所体现的社会背景感动了观众。D(2019南昌市重点中学高三年级段考试题)Following Mo Yans Nobel Prize, the usually silent Chinese literary cir
160、cle got warmed up again. A Shanghai writer named Jin Yucheng surprised nearly everyone by making his new novel full of the Shanghai dialect (方言)Published in 2012, the 350,000word Blossoms is a novel about the changes in Shanghai over 30 years, drawing clear images of the city through the stories of
161、many common people. There is no main story like most novels, but every story in it could run independently. While Putonghua is the standard choice for Chinese literature today, Jins use of the Shanghai dialect appears both different and bold.“I have seen too many novels that look similar to each oth
162、er. Chinese literature is getting monotonous both in language and form. I want to be special with my own language，” Jin told the Global Times.In the novel, Jin makes a breakthrough by mainly using dialogues to unfold various plots and represent typical characters on a daily basis. He also abandons t
163、he use of some punctuation like quotation marks (引号), showing a return to the traditional Chinese huaben (话本) genre.Since its publication, the book has been widely recommended on Sina Weibo with many netizens rating the novel high for its unique use of the dialect and vivid description of life using
164、 plain speech.Jin said that he got the idea of writing the novel while chatting in an online forum where people use the Shanghai dialect. The praise he received from the netizens encouraged him to continue writing the random stories.“Id like to see more writers to follow my lead. It will enrich our
165、literature and make it diverse，” he said. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了上海作家金宇澄的小说繁花。1What can we know from the first two paragraphs?AThe Chinese literary circle is always silent.BMo Yan was surprised at Jin Yuchengs new novel.CThe novel represents a modern lifestyle in Shanghai.DThe stories in the novel arent l
166、inked to each other.答案：D细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“There is no main story like most novels, but every story in it could run independently.”可知，繁花没有像大多数小说那样有一个主要故事，但它的每一个故事都可以独立成篇。据此可知，这部小说中的故事并没有互相联系，故D项正确。2What does the underlined word “monotonous” in Paragraph 3 mean?ALacking in variety.BShort of expectations.
167、CWanting further improvement.DRequiring more consideration.答案：A词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“I have seen too many novels that look similar to each other.”可知，金宇澄认为中国的很多小说看上去彼此相似；再结合该段第三句中的“I want to be special with my own language”可知，他想要用自己的语言让自己的小说有特色。据此可推知“Chinese literature is getting monotonous both in language
168、 and form.”表示中国文学在语言和形式上正变得单调，画线词与A项含义相近，故A项正确。3How does Jin Yucheng make a breakthrough in his new novel?ABy inventing lots of typical characters.BBy creating a vivid background.CBy employing dialogues to develop plots and characters.DBy playing with beautiful words in Shanghai dialect.答案：C细节理解题。根据
169、第四段第一句“In the novel, Jin makes a breakthrough by mainly using dialogues to unfold various plots and represent typical characters on a daily basis.”可知，金宇澄在小说中主要是使用对话来展开各种情节并描写日常生活中的典型人物来取得突破的，故C项正确。4What encouraged Jin Yucheng to continue writing in dialect?AThe netizens posts.BThe netizens praise.CT
170、he citizens comments.DOther writers encouragement.答案：B细节理解题。根据第六段第二句“The praise he received from the netizens encouraged him to continue writing the random stories.”可知，网民们的赞扬鼓励他继续用方言写小说，故B项正确。(五)历史、社会与文化A(2019成都市高中毕业班第一次诊断性检测)For six hundred years, the Tower of Londons most exotic (异国风情的) prisoners
171、were animals. The Royal Menagerie (动物园) began as a result of kings exchanging rare and strange animals as gifts. In 1235, Henry was delighted to be presented with three wildcats by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick . These inspired him to start a zoo at the Tower. Henrys “wildcats”， although describe
172、d as leopards, were probably lions. These are the ancestors of the three lions that still appear on the England football teams shirts today. In 1251 the lions were joined by a “white bear” probably a polar beargiven by the King of Norway. In 1255, the King of France sent the first elephant ever seen
173、 in England and “people flocked together to see the novel sight”. Sadly, the elephant died in 1258.Poor treatment and cramped conditions meant many of the animals did not survive for long. But the Royal Menagerie continued to grow. Edward I created a permanent new home for the Royal Menagerie at the
174、 western entrance to the Tower, which became known as the Lion Tower. The terrifying sounds and smells of wild animals must have both impressed and scared visitors.By 1622, the collection had been extended to include three eagles, two pumas, a tiger and a jackal, as well as lions and leopards, who w
175、ere the main attractions. However, the end of the Royal Menagerie came in the 1830s. Campaigners had begun to raise concerns, and the animals were expensive, occasionally dangerous and a nuisance to the guardsmen. The Duke of Wellington sent 150 of the beasts to a new zoo in Regents Park, todays Lon
176、don Zoo. Despite Alfred Copss best efforts to carry on, several further incidents including an escaped wolf and a monkey that bit a guardsmans leg convinced King William to shut down the Royal Menagerie for good in 1835. The remaining animals were sold to zoos and travelling shows and the Lion Tower
177、 was later demolished.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了著名的伦敦塔中皇家动物园的历史。1What do we know about the elephant presented in 1255?AIt caused big trouble.BIt received much attention.CIt lived painfully in the Lion Tower.DIt died before the polar bear came in.答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“In 1255 . novel sight.”可知，1255年，法国国王送给英国
178、一头大象，英国人第一次见到大象，人们成群结队地去观看；据此可知，1255年被赠送的这头大象引起了很大的关注，故B项正确。2How many types of animals at the Royal Menagerie are mentioned in the text?AEight. BNine. CTen. DEleven.答案：C细节理解题。第二段第二句提及狮子；第三段第一句提及白熊；第三段第二句提及大象；第五段提及鹰、美洲狮、老虎、胡狼、狮子和豹子；尾段第一句提及狼和猴子；据此可知，该动物园中一共十种动物，故C项正确。3For what reason was the Royal Men
179、agerie closed at last?ASecurity concerns.BThe decline of tourism.CPressure from campaigners.DThe financial burden to raise the animals.答案：A细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“Despite Alfred Copss . for good in 1835.”可知，由于发生了危险事件，包括逃跑的狼和猴子咬人，故威廉四世终于决定永久关闭这家动物园，故A项正确。4Which is the best title for the text?AThe Royal Menager
180、ieBGifts Presented to the KingCTourist Attractions in LondonDMiserable Life in the Lion Tower答案：A标题判断题。本文主要介绍了伦敦塔中的皇家动物园的历史，故A项最能概括文意。B(2019长春市普通高中高三质量监测(一)Bargain hunters spent a record of 168.2 billion yuan (25.4 billion dollars; 21.7 billion euros; 19.3 billion pounds) during the 2017 Singles Day
181、 on Nov.11, the worlds largest daylong discount festival, as ecommerce giant Alibaba Group took online shopping to offline stores and beyond the nations borders.Spending climbed by 39.3 percent during 2017s sale, as consumers from 225 countries and regions scooped_up goods from 140,000 brands that o
182、ffered promotions during the annual event.Alibaba surpassed 2016s 120.7 billion yuan total shortly after 1 pm, as overseas shoppers joined in the afternoon, seeking good deals from China. Expanding at a fasterthanexpected pace, the total eclipsed (使黯然失色) the combined sales of Black Friday and Cyber
183、Monday in the United States in 2016. Nine out of ten people used mobile wallet apps for payment, says Alibaba, with its Alipay app having handled 1.48 billion transactions (交易) in 24 hours and processed them at a peak rate of 256,000 transactions per second.Meanwhile, some offline shops also joined
184、in, turning into smart stores that allowed shoppers to track product availability at other locations and get timely delivery to their doorsteps while paying with their phone. “Using big data analytics powered by Chinese tech firms can help us locate customers in a precise mannersomething we wouldnt
185、have achieved using oldschool retailing，” says Gary Chu, ecommerce general manager.The Nov.11 shopping event represents a Chinabranded business model that can also be spread to other countries, creating opportunities for businesses worldwide. As Singles Day grows, shoppers have used the opportunity
186、to try out new items rather than simply bagging a bargain, says Tommy Hong, vicepresident of Nielsen China.“That changing attitude (toward Singles Day) is also consistent with Chinas shifting focus from quantity to quality growth，” Gary Chu says.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了2017年我国“双十一”的购物盛况，随着海外购物者的参与，2017年“
187、双十一”的电商销售额再创新纪录。1Which is the main factor that contributed to the new record on the 2017 Singles Day?AThe creativity of the brands.BThe low discount of the goods.CThe participation of shoppers abroad.DThe improved quality of the products.答案：C细节理解题。由第一段中关键词“a record of 168.2 .”，第二段中的“as consumers fro
188、m 225 countries and regions”及第三段中的“as overseas shoppers joined”可知海外购物者的参与是这次销售创纪录的原因。2The underlined phrase in the second paragraph can probably be replaced by _.ApurchasedBpromotedCadvertisedDproduced答案：A词义猜测题。根据画线短语的上下文可推知，此处是说，消费者从十四万个品牌中购买商品，故画线短语的意思和purchased相近，故选A。3Whats the main idea of the l
189、ast but one paragraph?AThe spread of Chinese brands.BThe global financial situation.CThe invention of a business model.DThe significance of the Singles Day.答案：D段落大意题。通读倒数第二段可知，该段从两个方面讲述了“双十一”的意义，一方面为全世界的公司创造商业机会，另一方面购物者能尝试新商品而不仅仅是抢占廉价商品，因此选D项。4What can be learnt from the text?AAlibaba earned 168.2 b
190、illion yuan in 2017.BBlack Friday in the USA is also on November 11th.CMost consumers preferred mobile wallet apps to pay.DForeign shoppers spent more during the 2017 Singles Day.答案：C细节理解题。根据第三段第三句中的“Nine out of ten people used mobile wallet apps for payment”可知C项正确。C(2019全国卷)For Western designers, C
191、hina and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.“Its no secret that China has always been a source (来源) of inspiration for designers，” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at AE Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion (时尚) shows.Earli
192、er this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of Chinainspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination
193、 for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.“China is impossible to overlook，” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not
194、just consumers of fashionthey are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are todays top Western designers being influenced by Chinasome of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking_on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobsand beat
195、ing them hands down in design and sales，” adds Hill.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers，” she says. “China is no longer just another market；in many senses
196、 it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about Chinaits influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章以国外视角报道中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响，展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。1What can we
197、learn about the exhibition in New York?AIt promoted the sales of artworks.BIt attracted a large number of visitors.CIt showed ancient Chinese clothes.DIt aimed to introduce Chinese models.答案：B推理判断题。由题干中的“the exhibition in New York”定位到原文第三段。由最后一句可知此次展览的出席人数众多，B项表述正确。故选B项。2What does Hill say about Chi
198、nese women?AThey are setting the fashion.BThey start many fashion campaigns.CThey admire super models.DThey do business all over the world.答案：A推理判断题。由原文第四段中Hill说的话可以推断出，她们正在引领潮流，故选A项。3What do the underlined words “taking on” in Paragraph 4 mean?Alearning fromBlooking down onCworking withDcompeting a
199、gainst答案：D词义猜测题。由画线词后面的“beating them hands down in design and sales”可知，take on此处意为“与较量”，故选D项。4What can be a suitable title for the text?AYoung Models Selling Dreams to the WorldBA Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkCDifferences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsDChinese Culture Fueling Inter
200、national Fashion Trends答案：D标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章的第一段点明主题：对于西方设计师来说，长期以来中国及其丰富的文化一直是西方创作者的灵感来源。接下来Amanda Hill对中国文化和中国美学对国际时尚的影响进行了评价，由此可知，中国文化推动了国际时尚潮流，故D项作为文章的标题最合适。D(2019石家庄市重点高中高三毕业班摸底考试)If you ever visit an English village, make sure to look out for morris dancing. Undoubtedly as one of the strangest o
201、f English culture, morris dancing is a form of folk dancing that dates back to the 15th century. If you ever get the opportunity, you really have to see it.Men and women wearing oldfashioned, tattered (破烂的) clothing dance in the street of towns and villages across the country during the holiday peri
202、ods. Women wear long, frilly (有褶边的) skirts and men wear short trousers with bells attached to them. They dance to traditional folk music which is often played on traditional musical instruments.Some groups carry heavy black sticks with which they bash against each other while they dance. Other group
203、s wave handkerchiefs in the air whilst they perform. The dances are usually performed near a pub so that when its over, the dancers and audience can sing some traditional folk songs over a pint of beer. The festivities will often continue long into the night, by which point most people are too drunk
204、 to think about performing again.Morris dancing is a great English tradition but its facing a big crisis. As the years go by, fewer and fewer young people are joining morris dancing groups. The dancers are getting older and older and eventually, if nothing is done to change this trend, the tradition
205、 will die out within the next few decades.If youve ever had the fortune to see morris dancing, you may understand why teenagers arent rushing to sign up. Putting it bluntly (直言地), its not exactly the coolest thing for an 18yearold to be doing. Why dress up in bells and funny costumes when you could
206、be going clubbing? Or playing sports? Or doing anything else?However, it would be a great shame to lose such a fun and energetic part of Englands history and culture. Its important to look after some traditions and customs especially when its something as harmless and happy as morris dancing. So her
207、es a toast to the next generation of wouldbe morris dancers! Lets hope they dont leave it behind.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种传统的舞蹈以及这种舞蹈在今天面临的现状。1What is the article mainly about?AThe popularity of morris dancing in the UK.BThe origins of morris dancing in the UK.CDifferent attitudes toward morris dancing in
208、 the UK.DTraditions and development of morris dancing in the UK.答案：D主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了莫里斯舞的相关传统及其发展演变状况，所以选D。2What can we know about morris dancing?ADancers usually wear long dresses with bells attached.BPeople sing traditional folk music while they are dancing.CDancers perform with sticks or handkerchie
209、fs in their hands.DPeople prefer to dance till nighttime near pubs and then stop to drink beers.答案：C细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句“Some groups carry heavy black sticks with which they bash against each other while they dance. Other groups wave handkerchiefs in the air whilst they perform.”可知，有些团体举着黑色的棍子，在跳舞的时候互相拍
210、打，其他团体在表演的时候在空中挥动手帕，所以选C。3What is the present situation of morris dancing?AThere is a lack of professional dancers.BIt is losing appeal among young people.CIt is accused of lacking fun and variety.DIts traditions and customs have been forgotten.答案：B细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“As the years go by, fewer and fewer
211、young people are joining morris dancing groups.”可知，随着岁月的流逝，越来越少的年轻人加入莫里斯舞蹈团，所以选B。4What does the author think about morris dancing?AIt is a good way for people to stay healthy and positive.BIt is a cultural heritage that deserves more attention.CIt is too oldfashioned and needs to be improved.DIt is
212、fun and vibrant and every teenager should learn to do it.答案：B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“it would be a great shame to lose such a fun and energetic part of Englands history and culture. Its important to look after some traditions and customs especially when its something as harmless and happy as morris dancing”可
213、知，作者认为莫里斯舞是文化遗产，值得被关注，故选B。(六)科学技术与自然生态 A(2019陕西省部分学校摸底检测)Scientists are preparing to launch the worlds first machine to clean up the planets largest mass of ocean plastic.The experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patchabout 40,000 metric tonswithin five ye
214、ars. In the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine, creating the largest floating barrier ever made.The system, originally dreamt up by Mr Slat, will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific
215、Garbage Patch, between Hawaii and California, which contains estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic. It will be the first ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997.Mr Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic
216、 polluting the sea. “There were more bags than fish down there，” he recalls. Two years later he came up with a solution, quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a company. Mr Slat says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone. “We as humanity created th
217、is problem, so I think its also our responsibility to help solve it，” he says. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) covers an area of 1.6 million square kilometers and contains at least 79,000 tons of plastic, research found last month. Most of it is made up of “ghost gear”parts of abandoned and l
218、ost fishing gear, such as nets and ropesoften from illegal fishing vessels.Ghost gear kills more than 100,000 whales, dolphins and seals each year, according to scientific surveys. Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic. Creatur
219、es eat plastic discarded in the sea thinking its food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly. Others are trapped and die of starvation or are strangled or suffocated by ghost gear.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。1What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probabl
220、y mean?AWaste.BOcean.CSystem.DMachine.答案：A词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前的“collect half of”，第四段第一句中的“first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea”和第五段最后一句中的“parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropesoften from illegal fishing vessels”可推知，画线词的意思是“垃圾”，故选A。2Which one makes up mos
221、t of the garbage in Pacific from the passage?AFishing vessels.BDolphins and seals.CGiant tubes.DAbandoned fishing gear.答案：D细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Most of it is made up of ghost gearparts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropesoften from illegal fishing vessels.”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由废弃的钓鱼用具组成的。
222、3Why do some creatures in The Great Pacific Garbage Patch die of starvation?ABecause they are killed by ghost gear.BBecause they are suffocated by ghost gear.CBecause they dont like eating plastic.DBecause they are not feeding properly.答案：D细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句中的“but then starve to death because they ar
223、e not feeding properly”可知，太平洋垃圾带的一些生物死于饥饿是因为它们不能真正地进食。4What is the main idea of the passage?AA report about the death of marine life.BNews about the first machine to clean up ocean plastic.CInformation about ocean plastic.DThe reason for inventing a machine.答案：B主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。第一段
224、“Scientists are preparing to launch the worlds first machine to clean up the planets largest mass of ocean plastic.”点明了文章的主题，故选B。B(2019江苏高考)In the 1960s, while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled an
225、yone before：he couldnt find the parks volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in naturethats what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldnt find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, thi
226、nk of the classic cone (圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting magma (岩浆) piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundre
227、d feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesnt involve
228、mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldnt find the caldera anywhere.Just at this time NASA decided to test some new highaltitude came
229、ras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blowup for one of the visitors centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost
230、 the whole park2.2 million acreswas caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles acrossmuch too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了鲍
231、勃探寻黄石国家公园火山的故事。1What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone?AIts complicated geographical features.BIts everlasting influence on tourism.CThe mysterious history of the park.DThe exact location of the volcano.答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，鲍勃感到迷惑的是，他在黄石国家公园没有找到火山，即：火山的准确位置。故选D项。2What does the se
232、cond paragraph mainly talk about?AThe shapes of volcanoes.BThe impacts of volcanoes.CThe activities of volcanoes.DThe heights of volcanoes.答案：A段落大意题。文章的第二段主要介绍了两种类型火山的形成过程，一种是形成圆锥体形状的火山，富士山和乞力马扎罗山就是其典型代表；另外一种是通过爆裂岩浆而形成巨大裂口的火山，而黄石国家公园恰恰就是这一种，所以本段主要讲述了火山的形态，故选A项。3What does the underlined word “blowup”
233、 in the last paragraph most probably mean?AHotair balloon.BDigital camera.CBig photograph.DBirds view.答案：C词义猜测题。根据第三段“. a nice blowup for one of the visitors centers.As soon as Christiansen saw the photos .”可知，the photos所指的就是前面提及的blowup，所以推知blowup相当于photo(photograph)，故选C项。C(2019安徽五校联盟高三上学期第二次质量检测)We
234、ather could power the next generation of smart windows. Researchers have created glass by harvesting energy from wind and precipitation (降水). The approach offers an alternative to other smart windows powered by batteries, solar panels, and even standard power outlets. “The creation represents a new
235、kind of renewable energy source，” says Liming Dai, a nanomaterial engineer at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, who was not involved in the research. Smart glass, which changes its characteristics to block out light, has been around for decades. Common examples include glarefightin
236、g rearview (后视) car mirrors and windows that change color for energy savings and privacy. But many are expensive, and people are still looking for ecofriendly ways to power the windows. Batteries and plugin outlets arent apparently “green”， and builtin solar panels can cloud or hide parts of the gla
237、ss. In experiments, the glass produced up to 130 milliwatts per square meter, enough to power a pacemaker or a smart phone while its asleep, the team reported online last month in ACS Nano. “This output might suit many applications, such as being a power source for home or office electronics，” says
238、codeveloper and scientist Zhong Lin Wang of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta. Since their first project in 2012, a lightup sidewalk powered by footsteps, he and his colleagues have miniaturized their generators to create everything from selfcleaning keyboards to sensors for security sy
239、stems.But Wang and his colleagues still have more work to do before this smart glass is ready for commercialization. Now, the glass has no way to store the energy it creates. “To solve this problem，” Dai says, “transparent super capacitors (电容器) could be placed into the glass without decreasing visi
240、bility.”For now, the team wants to improve the energy efficiency of their nanogenerators. These tiny power plants can convert about 60% of the mechanical energy that they encounter into electricity. “The output power is a constant goal，” Wang says. “Free energy surrounds us, and anything can happen
241、if you take control of it.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种能供电的智能玻璃。该玻璃可以利用风力和降水产生电能，是一种绿色环保的能源产品，但该产品仍面临诸多问题，如电能储存问题。1What is unique about the smart glass? AIt can protect privacy.BIt is more expensive.CIt is powered by weather.DIt can block out light.答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Researchers have created glass by har
242、vesting energy from wind and precipitation (降水)”可知，这种智能玻璃的特别之处是可以利用风力和降水获取能量，故C项正确。2What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?AThe research history of Zhong Lin Wang.BThe experimental process of Zhong Lin Wang.CThe research theory of Zhong Lin Wangs team.DThe experimental findings of Zhong Lin Wangs team
243、.答案：D段落大意题。根据第三段的内容尤其是该段首句“In experiments, the glass produced up to 130 milliwatts per square meter, enough to power a pacemaker or a smart phone while its asleep, the team reported online last month in ACS Nano.”可知，该段主要说明了该团队的实验结果，故D项正确。3What is the drawback of the smart glass?AIt cannot keep its p
244、roduced electricity.BIt cannot suit the super capacitors.CIt cannot power a smart phone.DIt cannot change its color according to weather.答案：A细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Now, the glass has no way to store the energy it creates.”可知，目前该产品的缺陷是无法储存其产生的能量，故A项正确。4Which of the following best explains “convert” underline
245、d in the last paragraph?AConsume. BTransform.CWaste. DReserve.答案：B词义猜测题。根据尾段第二句“These tiny power plants can convert about 60% of the mechanical energy that they encounter into electricity.”可知，这些微型发电机可以将智能玻璃收集到的60%的机械能转化为电能。据此可推知，画线词意为“转化”，故B项正确。A项意为“消耗”，C项意为“浪费”，D项意为“贮备”，都与文意不符。D(2019浙江省稽阳联谊学校高三联考)A
246、pple users who were easily upset about handing over their fingerprints now face an even more personal proposition (议题)： unlocking their smartphones with their faces. With Face ID, an iPhone X user simply holds up the device and it recognizes his or her face. “Nothing has ever been simpler, more natu
247、ral and effortless，” said Phil Schiller. “Face ID is the future of how we unlock our smartphones and protect our sensitive information.” It is convenient but perhaps a bit horrible.The system relies on an advanced set of tech packed into the front of the new phone. The dot projector sends out more t
248、han 30,000 invisible infrared (红外线) dots, and the infrared camera seizes an image. Apple uses the infrared image and dot pattern and pushes them through neural (神经) networks to create a mathematical model of your face, and then it checks that mathematical model against a stored image seized earlier.
249、 Once it detects a match, the phone unlocks. Schiller said Apple took more than a billion images and multiple neural networks to create Face ID. iPhone X will come with an A11 bionic neural engine to process faces. To set it up, hold your iPhone X in front of your face and move your head slowly arou
250、nd. That will become the stored version on your phone.Face ID is advanced enough to work in the dark, and to learn your face under different circumstancesso go ahead and wear those fashionable glasses or grow that fashionable beard. Schiller said Apple also worked hard to ensure the technology cant
251、be easily tricked by things like photographs. “Theyve even gone and worked with professional mask makers and makeup artists in Hollywood to protect against these attempts to beat Face ID，” he said. The tech also requires users attention to unlockyour eyes have to be open, and you cant be looking awa
252、y, meaning your device should remain safe even if youre asleep.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，向读者介绍了 Face ID在 iPhone X 中的应用。1Face ID enables users_.Ato hold up the device with less difficultyBto unlock their smartphones much easierCto protect the iPhone X from being stolenDto make it convenient to store information答
253、案：B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Nothing has ever been simpler, more natural and effortless”可知，B项正确。2Which of the following is explained in Paragraph 2?AWhat the facial recognition is.BWhy iPhone X is very popular.CHow iPhone Xs Face ID works.DWhere the system creates images.答案：C细节理解题。从第二段内容来看，作者主要介绍了Face ID的工作原理，故
254、C项正确。3To unlock your device with Face ID, you must _.Aexpose it to the strong lightBkeep yourself wide awakeCfix your eyes on the screenDwear no glasses or makeup答案：C细节理解题。 从最后一段中的“The tech also requires users attention to unlockyour eyes have to be open, and you cant be looking away”可知，C项为正确答案。(七)环
255、境和动植物保护A(2019山东省济宁一中高三第一次调研考试)For environmental reasons, Britain will ban all new petro and dieselpowered vehicles from its roads beginning in 22 years, a government report says.The plan, expected Wednesday, aims to start removing petrol and diesel engines in 2040. It follows a similar official stat
256、ement in France and comes after the British government was ordered by the High Court to develop new plans to reduce NO2 in the air. Judges ruled that previous cleanair plans were not enough to meet European Union pollution limits in the coming years.Britains government has said the poor air quality
257、has an unnecessary and avoidable negative effect on citizens health, and costs up to $ 3.5 billion in annual lost productivity.Part of the new plan involves an offer of $ 260 million to local governments to change rules where vehicle emissions (排放) are over EU standards. Ideas so far include changin
258、g road layouts, reprogramming traffic lights and charging a fee for the oldest and most polluting cars on the road.The plan also includes $1.3 billion for government purchase of extremelowemission vehicles, nearly $ 130 million to improve infrastructure for electric vehicle charging stations and $ 3
259、78 million for remodeling existing vehicles.Climate change is also a reason for the plan to get these vehicles off the road. “We cant carry on with petrol and diesel cars，” Environment Secretary Michael Gove said. “Its important we all prepare for a significant change which deals not just with the p
260、roblems of health caused by emissions, but the broader problems caused in terms of accelerating climate change.”Gove added that local communities are partly responsible for coming up with ways to limit emissions, including possible limitations on commuters (上下班往返者) and the addition of cleaner mass t
261、ransportation options. Local leaders are called on to draw up “appropriate plans” to deal with climate challenges related to emission, he said.篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。英国计划22年以后在2040年禁止使用汽油车和柴油车，英国最高法院要求政府制定新的计划减少空气污染，英国政府因此出台计划号召所有人一起努力实现这个目标。1Why does the British government decide on this ban?ATo focus on i
262、ts citizens health.BTo respond to the courts request.CTo promote solar energy in transport.DTo follow in Frances footsteps.答案：B细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It follows a similar official statement in France and comes after the British government was ordered by the High Court to develop new plans to reduce NO2 in t
263、he air.”可知，英国最高法院要求政府制定新的计划减少空气污染，所以决定采用这个禁令是应英国法院的要求，故B项正确。2Which measure may the British government take to achieve its plan?ATo follow in Frances footsteps.BRemoving old and highemission vehicles.CSpending some money on electric vehicles.DChanging the way roads are arranged.答案：D细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Id
264、eas so far include changing road layouts, reprogramming traffic lights and charging a fee for the oldest and most polluting cars on the road.”可知，做法包括改变道路设置、重编交通灯、收取老旧车辆污染车辆费等，故D项正确。3What can be inferred from Goves words?AConvenient public transportation is badly needed.BUnited efforts are required t
265、o achieve the plan.CVehicle emissions are the key factor in climate change.DPetrol and diesel cars may hold back economic progress.答案：B推理判断题。根据文章最后两段内容可知，Gove认为所有人都应该共同努力，地方社区居民和地方领导人都要一起努力实现目标，故B项正确。4What is the suitable title for this passage?APractical ways to reduce vehicle emissionsBThe EU forc
266、es Britain to improve the poor air qualityCBritain plans to take petrol and diesel engines off roadsDRelationship between vehicle emissions and climate change答案：C标题判断题。由全文内容并结合第一段(主旨段)可知，文章主要讲述英国计划在2040年全面禁止使用汽油车和柴油车，英国政府为此出台了一项计划并号召所有人一起努力实现这个目标，故C项正确。B(2019北京高考)By the end of the century, if not so
267、oner, the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at th
268、e ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the oceans appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface
269、, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend. Warming changes key characterist
270、ics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MITs Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a wo
271、rld that warms up by 3， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and
272、 these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it w
273、ill change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “Itll be a while before we can sta
274、tistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。调查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。1What are the first two paragraphs mainly a
275、bout?AThe various patterns at the ocean surface.BThe cause of the changes in ocean colour.CThe way light reflects off marine organisms.DThe efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.答案：B段落大意题。文章第一段点题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。第二段介绍由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案；气候变化又使得这些浮游植物在某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所减少，导致海
276、洋表面的颜色变化。由此可知前两段讲了海洋颜色变化的原因，故B项正确。2What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?ASensitive.BBeneficial.CSignificant.DUnnoticeable.答案：A词义猜测题。画线词后一句提到，气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅需要阳光和二氧化碳，也需要营养。由此可知，这些浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感，故A项正确。3What can we learn from the passage?APhytoplan
277、kton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.BDutkiewiczs model aims to project phytoplankton changes.CPhytoplankton have been used to control global climate.DOceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.答案：D推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句可知，在有些水域，如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物变多，水变得更绿，故推知D项正确。4What is the main purpose
278、 of the passage?ATo assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.BTo analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.CTo explain the effects of climate change on oceans.DTo introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.答案：C推理判断题。文章主要论述了随着气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，即解释气候变化对海洋的影响，故C项正确。C(2019昆明市高三摸底调研测试)A
279、 new study shows that rising levels of planetwarming gases may reduce important nutrients (营养物) in food crops.Researchers studied the effects of carbon dioxide on rice. In the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan. They set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists
280、 are predicting for our planet by the end of the century. Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels of four B vitamins and 10 percent less protein (蛋白质). The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc than rice grown under normal c
281、onditions. However, vitamin E levels increased by about 13 percent on average.The researchers said the effects of planetwarming gases would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries. These people generally eat the most rice and have the least complex diets. Tha
282、t includes about 600 million people in Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Laos and other nations, mainly in Southeast Asia.Other studies have shown that higher temperatures from climate change and weather extremes will reduce food production. And scientists are finding that rising levels of c
283、arbon dioxide and other planetwarming gases threaten food quality.Earlier studies showed that wheat, rice, field peas and soybeans grown under high carbon dioxide conditions all had lower levels of protein and minerals. Scientists predicted that almost 150 million people might be at risk of having t
284、oo little protein or zinc in their diet by 2050.The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate change. That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了温室气体如何减少粮食作物中的营养物质以及降低气候变化对营养物的损害的方法。1Growing rice under high carbon d
285、ioxide conditions may _.Aincrease iron in the riceBmake it less nutritiousCcause losses of vitamin EDmake it more delicious答案：B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels . less protein (蛋白质)”可知，B项为正确答案。A、C、D三项的表述均与原文表述不符。2How can peop
286、le reduce the nutritional harm of climate change?ABy importing rice from China and Japan.BBy taking other kinds of food instead of rice.CBy avoiding eating rice from Southeast Asia.DBy growing rice suitable for the environment.答案：D细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt
287、 to higher carbon dioxide levels.”可知，D项为正确答案。3Whats the authors purpose of writing the text?ATo inform readers what nutrients food crops contain.BTo call on people to care for the planet they live on.CTo share the results of some studies on peoples diets.DTo tell readers where food crops are mainly
288、produced.答案：B推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文通过介绍温室气体增加对粮食作物的影响来唤起人们对人类赖以生存的地球家园的保护，故选B。4In which part of a magazine can you read the text?AAdvertisements.BArt and culture.CScience reports.DBusiness news.答案：C推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是文中的“study”“Researchers”“studies”等可推知，本文是一篇研究报道，在杂志的科学报道部分能读到本文。D(2019长春市普通高中高三质量监测(一)Pangolins
289、(穿山甲) are strangelooking creatures, covered with hard scales (鳞). They can roll up into a ball to protect themselves from enemies and have tongues that are longer than their bodies.Pangolins have recently become the focus of Chinese people. A screenshot of a microblog post showing some people eating
290、 pangolins at a feast spread. A few days later, people were angered again by pictures showing people eating protected animals, including pangolins.Yet this is only the tip of the iceberg. Many more pangolins have been hunted or killed. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature
291、(IUCN), more than 1 million of them have been killed or sold in the last 10 years. It also said that they are the most illegally traded mammals in the world. In September 2016, the IUCN added the pangolin to the worlds “endangered animals list”. They are now more endangered than pandas.A growing tra
292、de of their scales and meat is the main reason for their decline in number. Many people in Asia and Africa consider pangolin meat is delicious. Some people even think pangolin scales have medical qualities. However, their scales are made of keratin (角蛋白), the same material human fingernails are made
293、 of.Luckily, the situation is getting better. World Pangolin Day is on the third Saturday of February each year. Its a day to help people know more about pangolins. The government now stops anyone from buying and eating pangolins in China. Breaking this law is regarded as a crime, and the trade of p
294、angolins across the world is also not allowed, according to the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了穿山甲濒临灭绝的现状，以及为保护穿山甲而采取的举措。1Pangolins have caught peoples attention these years because _.Athey look strangeBthey appear in some moviesCthey are killed
295、and eaten by peopleDthey have something to do with pandas答案：C细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“attention”和“these years”，我们把答案定位在第二段。该段开头说，穿山甲近来成为中国人关注的焦点，然后提到一张屏幕截图和一些图片里，穿山甲成为人们的盘中珍馐，这与C项的描述是一致的。2What can we learn from the passage?APangolins can roll up into a ball to attack enemies.BMore than 1 million pangolins we
296、re killed or sold last year.CPangolins were named the most endangered animal in 2016.DThe pangolin is a kind of mammals.答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段内容，尤其是第四句中的“they are the most illegally traded mammals in the world”可知，穿山甲是一种哺乳动物，故选D。3The real aim of World Pangolin Day may be to _.Aattract people to the zoo to w
297、atch pangolinsBlift peoples awareness of protecting pangolinsCremind people of pangolins medical valueDexplain the law to people答案：B推理判断题。根据题干中的“World Pangolin Day”，我们把答案定位在最后一段。该段主要讲述了在世界穿山甲日为保护穿山甲而采取的举措，而这个节日能让人们更多地了解穿山甲，从而提高人们保护穿山甲的意识，故选B。4What might be the authors attitude towards the measures t
298、aken to protect pangolins?APositive. BNegative.CDisappointed.DUnconcerned.答案：A观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，中国政府禁止任何人购买和食用穿山甲，世界各地也禁止买卖穿山甲，局面正在好转，由此可推知作者觉得这些措施是积极的，故选A。(八)灾害防范和宇宙探索A(2019辽宁省部分重点高中高三联考)Melinda Skaar wasnt expecting any phone calls. Skaar was working late in her office at the First Internet bank of
299、 California. By 10：45 that night she was almost ready to go home when the phone rang. Picking it up, she heard a guard shouting, “There is a fire! Get out of there.” Skaar didnt panic. She figured that it was just a small fire. Her office building was huge. There were 62 floors and her desk was on t
300、he 37th floor. Skaar called out to officemate Stephen Oksas, who also stayed late to work. But when they got out to the hallway, they were met by a cloud of black smoke. Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out.Then they c
301、alled 911. Before they could call their families, however, the line went dead. That meant that they were completely cut off from the outside world. All they could do was wait and hope someone would come to rescue them.Minutes ticked by. Smoke began to float into the office. Soon it became hard for t
302、hem to breathe. Looking around, Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they crowded there. That helped for a while, but in time even the workroom was filled with deadly smoke. Hopeless, they tried to break the windows, but the glass was not breakable. Everything they threw
303、 at it just bounced back. Defeated, they struggled back to the workroom. They felt weak and dizzy. Soon Skaar found Oksas had passed out.As Skaar and Oksas lay near death, rescuers were rushing to find them. At last, at about 4 am, firefighters found them.Skaar and Oksas knew they were lucky to be a
304、live. “Sunday is my birthday，” Skaar told a reporter. She would be turning 29, but she knew she had already got the best present possiblethe gift of life.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Skaar和Oksas面对火灾从容应对的故事。1What did Skaar and Oksas do when they were stopped by the fire?AThey tried to run down the stairs. BThey
305、called their families.CThey waited where they were. DThey rushed back and shut the door.答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“But when they got out to the hallway, they were met by a cloud of black smoke. Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smok
306、e out.”可知，她们走到走廊想下楼时，一团黑烟迎面扑来。她们赶紧跑回去关上门，Skaar用她的夹克填满了门底部的空隙，把烟挡在外面，故选D。2The following helped Skaar and Oksas survive the fire except _.Acalling 911 for helpBshutting the door and keeping the smoke out with a jacketCbreaking the windows to get some fresh airDcrowding in a small workroom for clean ai
307、r答案：C细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第五句可知，她们也曾想过打破窗玻璃以得到新鲜空气，但并没有成功，故选C。3What can we conclude from Skaars action in the fire?AShe was trained as a firefighter.BShe was cleverer than Oksas.CShe had had the experience of being caught in fire.DShe remained calm in the face of danger.答案：D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Rushing back, Skaar
308、 shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out.”、第二段中的“Then they called 911.”、第三段中的 “Looking around, Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they crowded there.”和“they tried to break the windows”可知，面对火灾时，她保持镇静，从容应对，故选D。B(
309、2019湖南雅礼中学月考)Last year, three experienced storm chasers were killed in a tornado (龙卷风) in the US, but despite this the number of people going in search of tornadoes is growing. What drives them to take risks and look for danger? The man at the wheel glanced in the backview mirror and then slowly tur
310、ned around. “Dont put this in your program，”he said. His wife in the passenger seat laughed. He lowered the window and killed the engine. The wind rushed in from surrounding wheat fields.Then, from behind, the sound of footsteps approached on the dirt road. It was a moment of peace after hours of sp
311、eedy racing through the American grassland. There had been excited shouts about where a tornado might form and how we would be there if it did. We were crazy on the trail a moment ago. But now, everyone was very cool. A Kansas state trooper (骑警) introduced himself through the window. There was prete
312、nded surprise when he said how fast we had been going. Really? Wow, sorry.Val Cator handed over his drivers license. His wife, Amy, took the registration out of the glove box. Val explained they were storm chasers with Channel 9 News out of Oklahoma Citythough it was hardly necessary. Their huge bla
313、ck truck has lightning bolts (闪电) and Storm Tracker 9 painted on the sides.Val pointed to the radar on the laptop open next to him and said those red and green dots suggested a tornado could form this afternoon. The state trooper was untouched. “Ive got that in my car too，” he said. People here keep
314、 a close eye on the weather. Its part of living in the tornado alley. Every year some town or other is blown off the map by tornadoes that can reach 300 miles an hour.Val and Amy are just two of hundreds of possibly thousands of trackers who speed around with computers and cameras hoping to catch on
315、e of these beautiful, deadly storms. Id joined them to learn why the number of trackers keeps growing. Why are people taking real risksbeyond the steady diet of reststop junk foodto watch weather?Last year, a tornado killed three of the most experienced storm chasers. It picked up and threw their ca
316、r as easily as you would a piece of paper. Dozens of other chasers were hurt in the same storm. They were crowded on a few roads when the tornado suddenly expanded and ate them. Val and Amy were there that day but still, in their words, chased aggressively.篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了近距离体验龙卷风的人的所见、所感和所做的事
317、情。1Why did everyone calm down after being crazy?ABecause they reached grassland.BBecause a tornado would come.CBecause a trooper stopped their car.DBecause they were cool on the trail.答案：C细节理解题。根据第二段中的第四、五、六句“We were crazy on the trail a moment ago. But now, everyone was very cool. A Kansas state tr
318、ooper (骑警) introduced himself through the window.”可知，每个人都在疯狂之后冷静下来，是因为一个骑警使他们的车停下来。故选C。2What could show Val Cators profession?AHis drivers license.BThe glove box.CThe signs painted on his trucks sides.DThe news of Oklahoma City.答案：C推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Their huge black truck has lightning bolts (闪电) and
319、Storm Tracker 9 painted on the sides.”可知，画在他卡车侧面的标志可以显示出Val Cator的职业。故选C。3Which word can be used to describe Val and Amy?AHardworking.BAdventurous.CGenerous.DHumorous.答案：B推理判断题。根据第五段“Val and Amy are just two of hundreds of possibly thousands of trackers who speed around with computers and cameras ho
320、ping to catch one of these beautiful, deadly storms . Why are people taking real risksbeyond the steady diet of reststop junk foodto watch weather？”可知，Val和Amy很喜欢冒险。故选B。4The passage is mainly about _.Aa program about storm chasersBthe possible dangers that storm chasers faceCthe most violent tornado
321、in the USDsome people who want to be close to tornadoes答案：D主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Last year, three experienced storm chasers were killed in a tornado (龙卷风) in the US, but despite this the number of people going in search of tornadoes is growing.”及下文中对Val和Amy近距离体验龙卷风的经历可知，这篇文章主要写的是关于一些近距离体验龙卷风的人的所见、所感和所做的事情。
322、故选D。C(2019全国卷)Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? Its turning to a bunch
323、of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past tw
324、o years, Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think theyre close to a solution (解决方案). “We dont give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says Florence Gold, a project manager.“There are no tests，” Gordon says. “There i
325、s no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than Are you working towards your goal？ Basically, its Ive got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.Engineers come and really do an inperson review, and . its not a very nice thing at times. Its a hard bu
326、siness review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I dont teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA enginee
327、rs about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目，解决国际空间站中的细菌问题。1What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?AThey are hard to get rid of.BThey lead to air pollution.CThey appear in different forms.DThey damage the ins
328、truments.答案：A推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，来自我们身体的微生物在太空站的表面增长得很快，宇航员每周得花很长时间清理它们，由此断定太空站里的细菌很难清除，故答案为A。2What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?ATo strengthen teacherstudent relationships.BTo sharpen students communication skills.CTo allow students to experience zero gravity.DTo link space technology with scho
329、ol education.答案：D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起，故答案为D。3What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?ACheck their product.BGuide project designs.CAdjust work schedules.DGrade their homework.答案：A细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，NASA工程师亲自检查那些高中学生的产品，故答案为A。4What is the best title for the
330、text?ANASA: The Home of AstronautsBSpace: The Final Homework FrontierCNature: An Outdoor ClassroomDHUNCH: A College Admission Reform答案：B标题判断题。本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生，选项B将其完美地结合了起来，故答案为B。D(2019上海黄浦区第一学期高三期终调研)The surface of Venus has never seemed very hospi
331、table. Temperatures change around 470 (900 ), the result of a runway greenhouse effect, and the pressure of its atmosphere, thick with carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid (硫酸), is some 90 times that of Earths. Lead (铅) would flow like water on Venus, and water cannot have existed in liquid form for per
332、haps a billion years.Now NASAS Magellan spacecraft seems to have found one more horror in the nasty landscape: active volcanoes. Last week the space agency released the first detailed map of Venus and the most dramatic images ever made of its surface. The picture offers the best evidence to date tha
333、t a planet once assumed dead is actually a lively pot of geological change.The most amazing image is of Venuss second tallest mountain, Maat Mons, which rises 8 km (5 miles). Most of the planets many peaks, including 9.5km(6mile) high Maxwell Montes, look bright in the radar pictures Magellan takes
334、from its orbit above the permanent could cover. That means they are strong reflectors of radar waves. But Maat Mons is dark; like the Stealth bomber, it absorbs much of the radar falling on it.This interesting fact, say project scientists, is a strong hint that the mountains have recently been cover
335、ed with lava (熔岩). Rock that sits on the surface of mountaintops appears to weather quickly in the hot, chemically reactive atmosphere, creating a soil that is rich in iron sulfide (硫化铁). It is this mineral, the scientists believe, that can easily be seen on radar. If Maat Mons doesnt have any, it h
336、as probably been resurfaced, perhaps within the past few years.Such resurfacing has undoubtedly taken place in Venus lowlands: earlier images of the planet showed vast areas that are remarkably free of craters (火山坑). That would be easy to explain on a planet like Earth, where cratering from meteor s
337、trikes is erased by steady erosion. But while there is some evidence of wind erosion on Venus, the best explanation for the lack of cratering is periodic lava flow. Magellan has found direct evidence of such flows, including domelike upwellings and hardened streamed of rock trailing down the sides o
338、f Venusian peaks. There are also signs of other geologic activities, including dramatic faulting and several distinct incidents of mountain building. But the evidence cant indicate whether they really occurred millions of years ago. The case for active Venusian volcanoes is not yet proved, but Magel
339、lan, which is now well into its second complete survey of the planets surface, may eventually settle the issue.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了金星地表的结构以及这种结构产生的原因。1Which of the following has NO possibility to be found on Venus now?ACarbon dioxide.BSulfuric acid.CLiquid water.DActive volcanoes.答案：C推理判断题。由第一段中的“wat
340、er cannot have existed in liquid form for perhaps a billion years”可知，在金星上水不可能以液体的形式存在十亿年。所以判断出，液态水现在不可能在金星上被发现。故C项正确。2The scientists believe that _ shows up easily on radar.Ageological changeBiron sulfideCmountain mineralDlava flow答案：B细节理解题。由第四段中的第二、三句“ . creating a soil that is rich in iron sulfide
341、 (硫化铁). It is this mineral, the scientists believe, that can easily be seen on radar.”可知，坐落在山顶表面的岩石在高温、化学反应性大气中迅速风化，形成了富含硫化铁的土壤。科学家们相信，正是这种矿物，在雷达上很容易看到。所以，科学家认为硫化铁很容易出现在雷达上。故B项正确。3What can be concluded from the passage?AThe resurfacing has changed the images of the vast areas in Venus lowlands.BThe
342、wind erosion on Venus is caused by periodic lava flows.CStreams of rock trailing down the side of Venusian peaks can be seen on Earth.DOther geologic activities have caused dramatic and unbelievable climate phenomena.答案：A推理判断题。由最后一段中的前三句“Such resurfacing has undoubtedly taken place in Venus lowlands
343、: earlier images of the planet showed vast areas that are remarkably free of craters (火山坑) . the best explanation for the lack of cratering is periodic lava flow.”可知，毫无疑问，金星低地已经出现了这样的表面修复：早期的星球图像显示，大片地区没有火山坑。但是没有火山坑的最好解释是周期性的熔岩流。通过对表面修复的原因的解释，可以判断出表面修复改变了金星低地广大地区的地貌。故A项正确。4What can be inferred from
344、the passage?ANASAS Magallan spacecraft fails to stand the environment of Venus.BThere is clear and confirmed evidence for the active Venusian volcanoes on Venus.CSome evidence of periodic lava flows has been found by NASA astronauts.DMagellan will conduct a followup complete survey of the Venus surf
345、ace.答案：D推理判断题。由最后一段中的最后一句“The case for active Venusian volcanoes is not yet proved, but Magellan, which is now well into its second complete survey of the planets surface, may eventually settle the issue.”可知，金星活跃火山的情况还没有得到证实，但是 Magellan进入了对金星表面的第二次全面调查，可能最终解决这个问题。所以据此判断出，Magellan将对金星表面进行后续的全面调查。故D项正确。
