1、模块1 专题1A阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2020全国卷)China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器) the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.Landing on the moon
2、s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging.Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scie
3、ntists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，“because
4、 it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct)”Data about the moons composition，such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains，could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.【答案】61.touched62.extremely63.where64i
5、nterest65.than 66.to find67.means68is constructed69.much70.its【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。61考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时。故填touched。62考查副词。句意：登陆月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式。故填extremely。63考查定语从句。
6、句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。64考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。65考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比更”。故填than。6
7、6考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。67考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means。故填means。68考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moo
8、n之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数。故填is constructed。69考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰。故填much。70考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。B阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2019全国卷)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big
9、 land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88，there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, b
10、iologists calculate that there are about 20,00025,000 polar bears worldwide.Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (report) increases
11、in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are.Of 69 nin
12、eteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six 70 (be) stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.【答案】61.that62.poorly63.of/for64.to perform65.have reported66.belief67.noting68.higher 69the70.are【解析】本文为科普文类说明文。介绍了北极熊的生存现状。61考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句
13、，解释说明中心词evidence的内容。故填that。62考查副词。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。63考查介词。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”，意为“的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。64考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语。句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如
14、此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。故此处用to perform。65考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态。故填have reported。66考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式。故填belief。67考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式。故填noting。68考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级。故填higher。69考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”。故填the。70考查主谓一致。根据three are
15、 declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时。故填are。C阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2019浙江卷)There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea.First of all，uniforms help the school look smart.The students feel that they belong to a particular group.When every pupil
16、in the school wears the uniform，nobody 56 (have) to worry about fashion(时尚)Everybody wears 57 same style of clothes.Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways.A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform.On the edge of the jacket，there is a piece of cloth 58 gives off light in the da
17、rk.When the children are walking or 59 (cycle) to school on dark mornings，car drivers can 60 (easy) see them.But can uniforms help improve school standards？The answer 61 this question is not clear.One study in America found that students grades 62 (improve) a little after the school introduced unifo
18、rms.But some students didnt want 63 (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no 64 (connect) between uniforms and school performance.School uniforms are 65 (tradition) in Britain，but some schools are starting to get rid of them.Some very good schools dont have a uniform policy.However，unifo
19、rms are still popular.Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.【答案】56.has/will have57.the58.that/which59.cycling60.easily61.to62.improved63.to wear64.connection/connections65.traditional【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生穿校服的几个好处。56考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从
20、现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。57考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。58考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。59考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycl
21、ing。故填cycling。60考查副词。分析句式可知，设空处所给词是修饰动词see，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用easy的副词形式。故填easily。61考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the answer to .这是固定搭配，“的答案是”。故填to。62考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填improved。63考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth.“想要做某事”，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。64考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。65考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。