1、Section_Warming_Up_&_Reading_Language_Points一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇 1.alternative n. 可能的选择adj. 供选择的；其他的2.tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的3.regardless adv. 不管；不顾4.ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的5.ripen vt. & vi. 使成熟；成熟6.category n. 种类；类别；范畴.拓展词汇1.botany n植物学botanical adj.植物学的；与植物学有关的2.accuracy n精确；准确accurate adj.精确的
2、；准确的accurately adv.精确地；准确地3.interrupt vt.& vi.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止interruption n打扰；中断(时间)4.sharpen vi.& vt.(使)锋利； 尖锐；清晰sharpener n磨具；削具sharp adj.锋利的；尖锐的；清晰的5.messy adj.凌乱的；脏的mess n杂乱；混乱6.analysis n分析analyses(复数)analyze vt.分析7. assume vt.假定；设想assuming prep.假设assumption n设想；假定；担任8. starvation n挨饿；饿死starve
3、vi.挨饿；饿死1.alternative n可能的选择adj.供选择的；其他的同义choice, option, possibility, selection, substitute, replacement词块alternative energy替代性能源face with two alternatives 面临两种选择2.分词用作介词或连词小结assuming 假设；假定considering 鉴于；考虑到including 包含；包括supposing 假设；假如provided/providing 假设；如果concerning 关于given 鉴于；考虑到3.形容词(e)n变动词集
4、锦sharpsharpen (使)锋利；尖锐；清晰riperipen 变成熟shortshorten 变短；缩短widewiden (使)变宽deepdeepen 使变深frightfrighten (使)惊吓darkdarken 使变暗looseloosen (使)变松；松开二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.suffer_from遭受；患病2.regardless_of 不理会；不顾3.at_most 至多；最多4.cut_up 切碎5.keep_out 关在门外；不准入内e_to_a_conclusion 得出结论1.make a tentative guess about试探猜测
5、2.for a visit 参观3.find evidence of 找到了的证据4.in the center of 以为中心5.the sharpened stone tools 磨尖的石器6.fill in the chart 填写表格三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology. 很高兴见到你们这些来自英国并且对考古学感兴趣的学生。It is a great pleasure to do sth.“很高兴去做某事”
6、；it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语。It_is_a_great_pleasure_to_give you some suggestions of choosing your major.很高兴能就专业选择方面给你一些建议。2.Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins.我们有证据表明，他们的确穿的是用兽皮制作的衣服。suggest在本句中表示“暗示，表明”，从句用陈述语气；助动词did用来加强从句谓语动词的语气。His pale face suggested that_he_did_be_
7、ill.他的苍白的脸表明他确实生病了。3.as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.正如植物学的分析结果告诉我们的一样，这四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖的一部分。 句中as引导非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容，意为“正如”。As_is_known_to_all,_the US is made up of 50 states.众所周知，美国是由50个州组成的。1(教材P37)Can you think of the al
8、ternatives we would use today?你能想到我们今天可以利用的选择吗？alternative n可能的选择 adj.供选择的；其他的(1)have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择theres no alternative . 别无选择an alternative to . 的替代品(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily cause
9、d by astronomical incidents. But alternative explanations are hard to find. (2017江苏高考)恐龙的消失不一定是由天文学事件导致的。但是其他的解释也很难找到。There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to_wait (wait)路上被大雨堵的车太多了，我们别无选择只好等待。If you dont like the school lunch, you have the alte
10、rnative of bringing your own.要是你不喜欢学校准备的午餐，你可以自己带饭。名师点津(1)alternative通常指两者之间的选择，而choice则指一般意义上的选择。(2)“别无选择只好做”的其他表达形式还有： have no choice but to do sth.; cant do sth. but do sth.; can do nothing but do sth.等。在这些结构中若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式，but之后要用省略to的不定式，否则，but之后的to不能省略。2(教材P37)Did they suffer from cold, s
11、tarvation or disease?他们遭受过寒冷、饥饿或疾病的痛苦吗？suffer from 忍受；遭受(疾病、痛苦、困难等)Many people in this area are suffering from hunger and cold.该地区有很多人正挨饿受冻。辨析比较suffer from, suffersuffer(vi.) from通常表示“遭受战争、自然灾害所带来的苦难”及“患病”之意。suffer from a war/the flood/a headache“遭受战争/洪水/头疼”suffer(vt.)意为“遭受痛苦、损失；忍受侮辱”等，其宾语通常是pain, l
12、oss, punishment, disappointment等选用上述词语填空Hes been suffering_from cancer for two years.他得癌症已经两年了。Shes suffering a lot of pain.她遭受着巨大的痛苦。名师点津(1)suffer的现在分词、过去式、过去分词不双写r。(2)suffering意为“疼痛；苦难”时为不可数名词；意为“痛苦；苦恼”时常用复数形式。3(教材P38)Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?对不起，打断了你的讲话，但他们怎么能住在这个地方呢
13、？interrupt vt.& vi.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止(1)interrupt sb./sth.(with sth.)(用某事)打断某人/某事be interrupted by 被打断(2)interruption n. 打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物without interruption 连续地；不断地The noise interrupted us in our conversation.噪音打断了我们的谈话。It is not polite to interrupt a speaker with frequent questions.通过不断提问来打断演讲者是不礼貌的。Lets
14、 go somewhere where we can talk without interruption (interrupt)我们去找个可以持续交谈而不受打扰的地方吧。4(教材P38)So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.因此我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。assume vt.假定；设想(1)assume sb./sth. to be假定/假设某人/某物为It is assumed that . 一般认为(2)assumption n. 假
15、定；假设make an assumption 认为；假定on the assumption that 假定(3)assume/assuming (that) . 假设/假定We assumed him to be the best writer of our time.我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。It is_assumed (assume) that this is the best possible translation.据认为这可能是最佳译文。Assuming/Assume (assume) that you are right, well make a great deal o
16、f money from the project.假定你是正确的，我们将会从这项工程中赚许多钱。regardless of 不管；不顾(侧重指不计后果和代价)Our goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable regardless of his financial situation.我们的目标是为每一个愿意和有能力接受高等教育的人提供可能的机会，而不管其经济状况如何。They continued to work regardless of the fact that it
17、was raining.尽管天在下雨，他们还是继续工作。名师点津regardless of强调“不认为重要”，从而不加以重视或考虑，其后不能直接跟从句，但可以接the fact that .；其同义词despite/in spite of还有“尽管但是”之意，其后一般不接从句。5(教材P38)It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.看样子他们是用磨尖的石器切割野兽并剥皮。cut up 切碎；使伤心；使难受cut across抄近路穿过；径直穿过cut do
18、wn 砍倒；杀死；削减；缩短cut in 插嘴；突然插入；打断(谈话)cut off 切断；使隔绝；剪下cut out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)I cut up the meat for cooking meat ball.我把肉剁碎后做肉丸子。Our water supply has been cut off. 我们的供水被切断了。We might cut the book down to a little over a hundred pages. 我们可以把这本书缩短到一百多页。1Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made
19、 from animal skins.我们有证据表明他们的确穿的是用兽皮制作的衣服。(1)suggest在本句中表示“暗示；表明”，后接宾语从句时，从句用陈述语气而不用虚拟语气。The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry.他脸上的表情表明他很生气。名师点津suggest表示“建议”时从句谓语动词应用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。I suggested that a meeting (should)_be_held (hold) tonight.我建议我们今晚开个会。(2)从句中的“did”强调谓语动词
20、wear。The fact suggested that we did_need to change this set of furniture for that made of wood.事实表明我们确实需要把这套家具换成一套木制的。2. as the botanical analyses have shown us，all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.正如植物学的分析结果告诉我们的一样，这四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖的一部分。(1)句中“as the botanical analyses hav
21、e shown us”是as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容，表示“正如”，位置灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末。As he often puts it, university education determines ones future.按照他常说的，大学教育决定着一个人的未来。As_you_know,_besides tasty dumplings, what elderly people in the nursing home also need is warmth and care. (2015全国卷满分作文)你知道，除了美味的饺子，敬老院里的老年人同样需要温暖和关心。(
22、2)as作为连词的其他用法：除引导定语从句外，as还可以引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句。As_I_had_a_fever,_I was absent from school.由于我发烧了，我就没去上学。He sang songs as_he_was_doing his homework.他一边唱歌一边做家庭作业。Child_as_he_is,_he knows a lot.虽然他只是个孩子，但他懂得很多。名师点津as引导让步状语从句时，要部分倒装；当作表语的名词提到as之前时，名词前不能加冠词。.单句语法填空1There is an alternative to t
23、his sick system but we are choosing to ignore it.2(2017全国卷)Interruptions (interrupt) are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done. 3A lot of people make the assumption (assume) that poverty only exists in the third world.4He continued speaking, regardless of my feelin
24、gs on the matter.5We may as well cut across the playground. 6I strongly suggested that measures (should)_be_taken(take) to stop pollution.7As you can see in the picture, many students are riding bikes to school.8The story of their sufferings (suffering) moved us deeply.补全句子1In order to succeed, we h
25、ave_no_alternative_but_to_face failure bravely and learn from it.为了成功，我们别无选择只有勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。2He has kept on learning English by radio for three years without_interruption.他坚持通过广播学习英语，三年来从未间断。3Our club is open to everyone regardless_of age, sex or educational background.我们的俱乐部对任何人开放，不管年龄、性别或教育背景。4Cu
26、t_up_the_carrots before put them into the pot. 把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅内。5Her words suggested that she does_own_several_novels written by Mo Yan.她的话表明她确实拥有几本莫言写的小说。6As_we_can_see_from_the_materials_above,_the traffic issue is still a big problem.正像我们在上面的材料中所看到的那样，交通问题仍然是一个大问题。7Our earth is_suffering_severe_damag
27、e.我们的地球正在遭受着严重的破坏。8As far as I know, a great many people assume him to be right.As far as I know, a great many people assume_that_he_is_right.As far as I know, a great many people make_the_assumption_that_he_is_right.据我所知，许多人认为他是正确的。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高.单词拼写1He has no alternative (可能的选择) but to try hard t
28、o finish it on time.2To our sadness, the homeless died of starvation (饥饿)3In this accident, there were five deaths with accuracy (精确性)4Weve drawn up a tentative (试探性的) program for the next two weeks.5I dont like being interrupted (打断；打扰) while working.6(2017江苏高考)A quick review of successes and failu
29、res at the end of year will help sharpen (使锋利) your year ahead. 7He has given a serious analysis (分析) of the situation.8He is too busy to clean his room, so it is very messy (凌乱的).选词填空care about， suffer from， look like， show around， compare . with .， keep out， at most， cut up， regardless of， on the
30、assumption that .1Studies have shown that vegetarians seldom suffer_from heart disease.2From your appearance, you look more like your mother.3I will continue to pursue my dream regardless_of a lot of failures. 4She is cutting_up an apple with a knife.5We are working on_the_assumption_that the confer
31、ence will take place as planned.6The night was too cold outside, and the poor man tried to keep the cold out by closing the door hard. 7The dog owners usually care much about their pets.8There are ten guests at_most who will attend this party.9Having compared the program with that one, he decided to
32、 have the former one carried out.10Those tourists were being shown_around the Revolutionary Resort.课文语法填空A group of students from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for 1.a visit. An archaeologist is showing them around. The archaeologists 2.have_been_excavating (excavate) here for many years
33、. After 3.finding (find) human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects, they think it is reasonable 4.to_assume (assume) some of the earliest people lived in these caves, regardless 5.of the cold. They also discovered fireplaces in the center of the cave
34、s 6.where they made fires.Some evidence suggests that our ancestors 7.did wear clothes made from animal skins. The archaeologist also shows the students a primitive necklace 8.preserved (preserve) quite well. Indeed, as the botanical analysis has been 9.specially (special) showing us, all the fields
35、 around here used 10.to_be (be) part of a large shallow lake. Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they traveled to the seaside on their journeys.串点成篇微表达一件重要的事情突然发生了，尽管我不是一个敏锐的(acute)人，但我意识(aware)到它对于我们公司来说十分重要。由于经理已经睡着，我认为最好不要打扰(interrupt)他。但是不管(regardless of)发生什么都要让他及时知道(keep宾语宾补)是十分重要
36、的。作为秘书，我别无选择(alternative)只好叫醒他。An_important_thing_suddenly_happened_and_although_Im_not_an_acute_person,_I_was_aware_that_it_would_be_vital_to_our_company._Since_the_manager_was_asleep,_I_thought_I_had_better_not_interrupt_him,_but_it_is_important_to_keep_him_informed_regardless_of_what_has_happened
37、._As_a_secretary,_I_had_no_alternative_but_to_wake_him_up.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.完形填空When my kids were young, we bought them two pet parrots. These beautiful _1_ whistled all through the day. We had a big _2_ for them with toys and a mirror, plus food and water dishes. We couldnt let them loose in the hous
38、e _3_ our dogs and cats, but they didnt seem to be _4_ in their cage.One day in the springtime when the sun was awakening the earth and the air had turned _5_， I opened the window to let in the wind. The songs of dozens of different birds _6_ the air and our two parrots whistled with _7_. I went ove
39、r to their cage to replace their water, but as soon as I opened the door one of them _8_ and headed for the window. It bumped against the _9_， fell over onto the couch, and then started to fly around the living room. The cats chased after it, hoping for a delicious _10_. The kids screamed and I rush
40、ed to _11_ it. It took several minutes to stop the cats from _12_ the bird and get it _13_ back in its cage. After that day, however, I always felt a bit _14_ for the parrots. I knew that no matter how _15_ their cage was, they still wanted to fly.Many of us in this life live in cages of our own mak
41、ing. We _16_ our minds, lock away our hearts and _17_ our lives. We refuse to see the _18_ in our life and the greatness that lies within us. We sit in our cells day after day and _19_ dare to once open the door. But now, I, for one, dont want to _20_ my days sitting bored or stay stuck in my own ca
42、ge; I want to fly.语篇解读：本文为夹叙夹议文。作者买了两只鹦鹉并把它们放在笼子里。一直以来，作者认为它们在笼子里很快乐；然而偶然的机会却发现它们还是渴望外面的自由。作者由此想到了人生：不要将自己困在自己建造的牢笼中。1A.birdsBkidsCcats Ddogs解析：选A由文章首句可知，作者买了两只鹦鹉；故此处是讲这两只漂亮的小鸟(birds)整天叽叽喳喳地叫着。另外第12空后的bird有提示。2A.floor BplaygroundCpool Dcage解析：选D由第4空后的“in their cage”可知，作者给它们准备了一个大鸟笼(cage)。3A.except B
43、besidesCregardless of Dbecause of解析：选D因为(because of)作者家里有狗和猫，作者不敢把鹦鹉从笼子里面放出来。4A.content BpopularCpatient Dangry解析：选A由下文作者对一只鹦鹉从笼子里飞出后的描述可知，鹦鹉对待在笼子里面不满意(content)。5A.cold BwarmCtense Dblack解析：选B由本空前的“in the springtime when the sun was awakening the earth”和下文作者打开窗子可知，在一个阳光普照大地的春日里，空气已经变得暖和(warm)了。6A.re
44、quired BchoseCfilled Dbrought解析：选C许多不同的鸟鸣声充斥(filled)了空气，笼子里的鹦鹉也开始叫，叫声中充满兴奋(excitement)。7A.regret BhorrorCsurprise Dexcitement解析：选D参见上题解析。8A.flew out Bcame backCturned up Dpassed away解析：选A由后文的描述可知，其中一只鹦鹉从笼子里飞了出来(flew out)。另外与本空后的“headed for the window”构成并列。9A.balloon BcarCglass Dtree解析：选C由第8空后的“heade
45、d for the window”可知，鹦鹉朝着窗户飞去，它撞到了玻璃(glass)上。10A.drink BmealCgame Dtrip解析：选B由本空前的“The cats chased after it”可知，猫追赶着鹦鹉，想来一顿美餐(meal)。11A.cook BkillCtaste Dsave解析：选D由本空后的“took several minutes to stop the cats”可知，作者冲过去是去救(save)那只鹦鹉。12A.raising BdislikingCcatching Denvying解析：选C由第10空前的“The cats chased after
46、 it”可知，作者阻止了猫抓住(catching)鹦鹉，并将它安全地(safely)放回笼子。13A.safely BhappilyCnearly Dpublicly解析：选A参见上题解析。14A.sorry BnervousCashamed Dgrateful解析：选A由第2空后的“with toys and a mirror, plus food and water dishes”和第15空后的“they still wanted to fly”可知，不管它们的笼子里多么舒适(comfortable)，它们仍想飞出来，因此作者为把它们关在笼子里而感到惭愧(sorry)。15A.danger
47、ous BsmallCcomfortable Dbitter解析：选C参见上题解析。16A.follow BcreateCchange Dclose解析：选D与本空后的“lock away our hearts”构成并列，我们封闭(close)思想，封锁内心，限制(limit)我们的生活。17A.limit BshortenCrisk Dlengthen解析：选A参见上题解析。18A.misfortune BloveCfailure Dtime解析：选B与本空后的“the greatness that lies within us”构成并列，我们拒绝发现生活中的爱(love)和我们自身的伟大。
48、19A.only BevenCnever Dalways解析：选C由第18空前的“We refuse to see”和本空前的“We sit in our cells day after day”可知，此处是说我们天天坐在自己为自己修建的牢笼里从来都不(never)敢打开门。20A.forget BwasteCavoid Dprevent解析：选B由本空后的“stay stuck in my own cage”和“I want to fly”可知，作者不再想把自己的时间浪费(waste)在无聊地坐在牢笼里。.语法填空Foreigners with basic Chinese language
49、skills can generally ask for advice on restaurants or how _1_ (get) to the subway. But the fact is, many still find it _2_ (challenge) to use the language in reallife settings. Some even think that no one in China actually speaks Putonghua, at least not _3_ (nature). This is an opinion that many Chi
50、nese themselves would be quick to agree with. However, in a small county _4_ (name) Luanping, Chengde City, Hebei Province, you can meet the locals, young and old, _5_， despite their education level, talk exactly in _6_ same manner as the language recordings you became used to in class. For _7_ (gen
51、eration), they have known no other mother tongue other than the standard Chinese.Elderly residents in Luanping still remember the experts from the capital _8_ (record) the way they spoke in the 1950s, which began being promoted nationally in 1955. The county _9_ turn proudly calls _10_ (it) the“home
52、town of Putonghua”语篇解读：本文是说明文，对河北省承德市滦平县被誉为普通话之乡的原因加以简单介绍。1to get那些有着基本中文技能的外国人通常能询问有关餐馆或者如何到达地铁的建议。此处是how to get to the subway在句中作介词on的宾语。2challenging但事实是许多人仍然发现在现实环境中使用这门语言很具有挑战性。在“find it形容词to do sth.”结构中，形容词作宾语补足语，故用形容词challenging。3naturally有些人甚至认为在中国事实上没有人说普通话，至少说得不够自然。此处应用副词修饰speaks Putonghua。
53、4namedname在此作动词，意为“命名，给取名”，是及物动词，与被修饰词a small county之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。5who空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是locals，空处在定语从句中作主语，故用who。6thethe same (as) .“(与)相同，一样”，是固定搭配。7generations根据语境可知，此处指“祖祖辈辈”，且generation是可数名词，故填generations。8recorded20世纪50年代专家们对他们说话的方式加以录音。句中有明确的表示过去的时间，即in the 1950s，故使用一般过去时。9in这个县继而自豪地称自己为“普通话之乡”。in turn“转而，相应地”。10itself因为The county和空处指的是同一事物，故此空应填入反身代词itself。
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