1、十八 必修第三册 Unit 6Disaster and hope(限时35分钟).阅读理解(2021郑州模拟)AMany people dont have a home because of an illness or because they lost their jobs.They have bad health and cant start working,and because of that,they cant pay for a doctor,so its a never-ending circle.Homeless people dont have anywhere to go,
2、so they have to sleep on the streets,covering themselves with newspapers and looking through the rubbish cans to find some food or warmer clothes.Seeing these horrible living conditions,the Australian charity Beddown decided to help these people in need.They came up with an amazing idea to make shel
3、ters in places that are vacant at nightlike parking lots!The organization asked one of the largest car park-operators,Secure Parking,and they agreed upon it.“It was great to start with a group of our volunteers to help us and set up some beds.Although as expected we had a few challenges to overcome,
4、it was good to start bringing Beddown to life.Beddown will provide an immediate response for those who can not sleep well to access safe,find shelterand access to a real bed and a great nights sleep.We will work with our other partners to provide long-term solutions to providing our guests with acco
5、mmodation,education and employment opportunities.”The founders of Beddown said in one of their Instagram posts.The charity also provided other services to the guests,like doctors,nurses,dentists,hairdressers.They gave them new clothing,a place to clean themselves and helped provide social services.“
6、After spending the week here,having a good sleep at night,it reminded me of life and I want to begin my life again,”one homeless man said.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。澳大利亚慈善机构Beddown利用晚上空闲的停车场,为流浪者提供休息的地方。1.What can we learn about the homeless in Australia?A.They live a hard life.B.They lost their families.C.They
7、 dont want to work.D.They like to live on the street.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段可知,澳大利亚的流浪者因为失业,生病,居无定所,只能睡在街上,盖着报纸,从垃圾桶里找食物,过着艰苦的生活。2.What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Making beds for the homeless.B.Using the parking lot to get money.C.Using the parking lot to help the homeless.D.In
8、viting the car park operators to organize the activity.【解析】选C。代词指代题。根据文章第二段可知,it指把空闲的停车场给那些流浪者休息的事。3.What did the founders of Beddown say about setting up beds for the homeless?A.It is only a part of their help.B.It helps the volunteers greatly.C.It makes the Beddown get more reputation.D.It gives t
9、he homeless a chance to return to real life.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段可知,Beddown还将与其他伙伴一起帮助这些流浪者,包括住宿、教育和就业机会,为流浪者安置床位只是他们所提供的帮助的一部分。4.What can be the best title for the text?A.The Homeless Get Good Diet NowB.Beddown Shelters the Homeless in Car ParksC.Beddown Helps the Homeless Find Jobs in Car ParksD.Aust
10、ralian Charity Beddown and the Homeless in Australian【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知,文章主要讲的是澳大利亚慈善机构Beddown利用晩上空闲的停车场,为流浪者提供休息的地方。【知识拓展】难句解读They came up with an amazing idea to make shelters in places that are vacant at nightlike parking lots!解读:该句是一个复合句。that引导定语从句,修饰places。come up with突然想到。翻译:他们突然想到一个令人惊异的主意
11、,就是像在晚上空闲的停车场一样的地方设避难所。B(2021潍坊模拟)As doctors performed surgery on Dagmar Turners brain,the sound of a violin filled the operating room.The music came from the patient on the operating table.In a video from the surgery,the violinist was moving her bow(琴弓)up and down as surgeons worked to remove her b
12、rain tumor(肿瘤).The Kings College hospital surgeons woke her up in the middle of the operation in order to ensure they did not damage parts of the brain necessary for playing the violin and keep her hands functions intact.Turner,53,learned that she had a slow-growing tumor.Later doctors found that it
13、 had become more aggressive and the violinist decided to have surgery to remove it.“We knew how important the violin is to Turner,so it was vital that we preserved function in the delicate areas of her brain that allowed her to play,”KeyoumarsAshkan,a doctor at Kings College Hospital,said in a press
14、 release.Before Turners operation,Ashkan and his colleagues spent two hours carefully mapping her brain to identify areas that were active when she played the violin and those controlling language and movement.Waking her up during surgery then allowed doctors to monitor whether those parts were suff
15、ering damage.Brad Mahon,expert at Carnegie Mellon University,said the basic features of an“awake craniotomy”the type of brain surgery where patients are awake in order to avoid damage to critical brain areas have remained largely unchanged for decades.But he said that doctors are now able to map the
16、 patients brain activity in great detail before the surgery,using an imaging technique called functional MRI.That means surgeons are coming into the operating room with far more information about a specific patients brain.That kind of information helps doctors tailor tests to a patients particular n
17、eeds.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了医生在给Dagmar Turner的大脑动手术过程中,唤醒了她,让她在接受手术的过程中,能够同时演奏小提琴的奇妙场景。5.What does the underlined word“intact”mean in the first paragraph?A.Strong.B.Sound.C.Talented.D.Influential.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据该句The Kings College hospital surgeons woke her up in the middle of the operation in order to e
18、nsure they did not damage parts of the brain necessary for playing the violin and keep her hands functions intact.“国王学院医院的外科医生在手术过程中叫醒了她,以确保他们不会损害拉小提琴所必需的大脑部分,同时保证她的手的功能完好。”可知,这里的intact 与sound意思相符,相当于 in good condition,意思是“健康的,健全的”。6.Why did Ashkan and his colleagues map Turners brain before operati
19、on?A.To keep her brain more active when she played the violin.B.To monitor whether her brain had suffered damage severely.C.To recognize the areas related to music and movement precisely.D.To remove the tumor while keeping all function of her brain.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的Before Turners operation,Ashkana
20、nd his colleagues spent two hours carefully mapping her brain to identify areas that were active when she played the violin and those controlling language and movement可知,在Turner手术之前,Ashkan和他的同事花了两个小时仔细绘制她的大脑图,以识别她拉小提琴时活跃的区域以及控制语言和运动的区域。7.What can we know according to Brad Mahon?A.Doctors are using a
21、n imaging technique to monitor the surgery.B.Patients are asleep to protect critical brain areas in a surgery.C.A patients language ability couldnt be preserved before.D.Surgeons can personalize a patients operation by mapping his brain.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段Brad Mahon所说的话可知清醒开颅术的特征是允许外科医生在患者清醒时切除脑肿瘤,以避
22、免关键部位的脑损伤。在手术前,医生利用MRI绘制病人脑部图像,以识别重要区域。8.What is the best title for the passage?A.Musician Joined in Her Own Brain SurgeryB.Mapping a Brain is Realized after SurgeryC.The Violinist Suffers from a Brain TumorD.Doctors Perform Surgery on a Brain【解析】选A。主旨大义题。本文主要讲述了医生在给Dagmar Turner的大脑动手术过程中,唤醒了她,让她在接受
23、手术的过程中,能够同时演奏小提琴的奇妙场景。也就是让她参与了自己的手术。【知识拓展】难句解读We knew how important the violin is to Turner,so it was vital that we preserved function in the delicate areas of her brain that allowed her to play.解读:该句是一个复合句。前后两个句子是因果关系。how引导宾语从句,第一个that引导主语从句,第二个that引导定语从句,修饰brain。翻译:我们知道小提琴对Turner来说是多么重要,所以我们保护她大脑中
24、灵敏区域的功能,使她能够演奏是很重要的。.完形填空In the morning,Slim got up and prepared breakfast for his wife as usual.Nicole,his wife was listening to music in the bedroom.1,he felt that his body was shaking.Slim had the 2response that there was an earthquake!He shouted quickly,“Dear,earthquake!Go to the toilet!”Nicole
25、heard the shouting,3the first aid box quickly and ran into the toilet.The house was 4even more dramatically.Bathroom was the next door to the kitchen.Slim picked up a kitchen 5and two pieces of bread outside the kitchen.Slim tried to run along the wall to help Nicole.6,it got dark suddenly with an e
26、xplosion.The house 7down and many things fell from above.Nicole was quickly buried in 8.She felt breathing very difficult.She tried to stand up,but 9.A few minutes later,the land was 10.Nicole heard the sound of short breath and thought it was Slim!She shouted to him but no 11!He probably fainted.Ni
27、cole kept saying his name and she finally heard a response.Two people encouraged and 12each other.They knew that there must be a way to escape.Slim found that they were close and were 13by the fallen stones and some powder.He started to dig with the kitchen knife.He felt 14from his fingers.Finally,h
28、e removed the last piece of larger stones.Slim touched Nicoles one hand,then dug the 15stones of her body.Finally,Nicole had a steady breathing slowly.Two people sat on the ground and hugged together.【文章大义】本文描述了在一次地震中,一对夫妻相互鼓励、相互帮助,一起战胜困难,最终幸免于难的感人故事。1.A.SuddenlyB.ActuallyC.UnfortunatelyD.Really【解析】
29、选A。逻辑推理题。根据文意判断,大地震的发生是很突然的。suddenly突然地;actually实际上;unfortunately不幸地;really真实地,确实。2.A.recentB.rapidC.secondD.best【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据语境可知,丈夫反应很快,马上意识到发生了地震。recent最近的;rapid迅速的;second第二的;best最好的。3.A.used upB.found outC.took upD.put away【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。妻子拿起急救箱,向洗手间跑去。take up当“拿起”讲,符合语境。use up用光,耗尽;find out找到,发
30、现;put away收藏起来,储存起来。4.A.burningB.shakingC.fallingD.moving【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据语境可知,房子在地震中剧烈地摇晃起来。burn燃烧;shake摇晃;fall倒塌;move移动。5.A.toolB.cookC.forkD.knife【解析】选D。前后照应题。最后一段有提示,丈夫用刀子在废墟中挖掘,寻找妻子。tool工具;cook厨师;fork叉;knife刀子。6.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.InsteadD.Besides【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。前后是转折关系,丈夫想帮助妻子,但突然的爆炸使周围变得漆黑一片。ho
31、wever然而;therefore因此;instead代替,反而;besides而且,另外。7.A.layB.crashedC.brokeD.bent【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。此处指房子轰然倒塌。crash当“倒塌”讲,符合语境。8.A.ruinsB.ashesC.dirtD.pieces【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据语境和常识可知,Nicole很快被埋在了废墟中。ruins废墟;ash灰烬;dirt尘土;piece碎片。9.A.senselessB.impracticalC.impossibleD.invaluable【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。Nicole已经被埋,想站起来是不可能的,sen
32、seless无意义的;impractical不切实际的;impossible不可能的;invaluable非常宝贵的。10.A.normal B.usualC.flatD.silent【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。地震过后一切陷入沉寂。flat平的;normal正常的;usual平常的;silent寂静的。11.A.responseB.signC.hopeD.result【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。由下一句“他可能昏过去了”可知,妻子呼唤丈夫,但丈夫没有应答。response回应;sign迹象;hope希望;result结果。12.A.touchedB.heldC.calmedD.called【解析
33、】选C。前后照应题。跟前面的“鼓励”构成并列关系,此处只能表示“安慰”。touch接触;hold握住,举行;calm镇静下来;call打电话。13.A.wrappedB.separatedC.fastenedD.limited【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据前文“两人挨得很近”可知,此处强调两人被碎石等隔开。wrap包裹,缠绕;separate分开;fasten系牢;limit限制。14.A.painB.coldC.waterD.warmth【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。丈夫使劲在废墟中挖掘,手指都疼了。pain疼痛;cold寒冷;water水;warmth温暖。15.A.stickingB.dea
34、lingC.surroundingD.spreading【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。最后丈夫把围在妻子身边的碎石等清理掉。stick刺,粘贴;deal处理;surround围绕;spread扩散。.概要写作阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Weve reached a strangesome would say unusualpoint.While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Hea
35、lth Organization(WHO),more people now die from being overweight than from being underweight.Its the good life thats more likely to kill us these days.Worse,nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight.Whats going on?We really dont have many excuses
36、 for our weight problems.The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public-health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting throughup to a point.In the 1970s,Finland,for example,had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause.Not any more
37、.A public-health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 percent over the past three decades.Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005,and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the
38、shape of the body.No wonder it ranks as the worlds most body-conscious country.We know what we should be doing to lose weightbut actually doing it is another matter.By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise.More than half of us admit we lack willpower.Others blame good food.They s
39、ay:its just too inviting and it makes them overeat.Some also blame their parentstheir genes.But unfortunately,the parents are wronged because theyre normal in shape,or rather slim.Its a similar story around the world,although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight.Parents are ea
40、ger to see their kids shape up.Do as I saynot as I do._【参考范文】Nowadays,good life becomes the killer of our health.Since 2001,people have gradually realized the dangers of overweight by public-health campaigns.But they took some negative measures to lose weight.Although there are some excuses like lac
41、king of exercise,good food or genes,people should act positively to lose weight.【加固训练】.阅读填句Red Cross Apps Guide Survivalists through Natural DisastersRed Cross has several apps that will help you in a natural disaster.1Emergency AppFor an all-in-one reference for any catastrophe,the Emergency App is
42、 the answer.2Users can also customize their alerts according to their areas and locations of their loved ones so that they can monitor activity in multiple places.Earthquake App3And the number of high magnitude earthquakes nearly doubled last year.With the Earthquake App,youll receive real-time aler
43、ts and notifications and learn how to respond in this natural disaster while keeping your family and home safe from any further threats.Hurricane AppThis is a must-have for people in hurricane areas.4Much like the Earthquake App,it will supply you with details for staying safe in this circumstance.S
44、helter Finder AppIn case your emergency shelter wasnt built to withstand whatever disaster came your way,the Shelter Finder App uses data from the National Shelter System and maps out the secured shelters across the country.Other than the address,the app also supplies you with details such as the ag
45、ency running the shelter,capacity and current population of the shelter,among others.5A.The global earthquake rate is rising.B.Each app is available on iOS and Android devices.C.It contains information on over 35 different types of emergency situations.D.These details are updated within every thirty
46、 minutes,so youll always stay posted.E.Track storms and the condition in your area so that you can take the proper precautions.F.The modern survivalist knows your smart phone is the best tool to keep you on your feet.G.For other apps specific to a natural disaster,the Red Cross also has apps for flo
47、ods,tornadoes,and wildfires.【文章大意】如何应对自然灾害呢?本文介绍了一些红十字会自然灾害应用程序,它们会对你有所帮助。1.【解析】选B。设空处前面句子说到“红十字会有几个应用程序会在自然灾害中帮助你”。选项B意为“每个应用程序都可在iOS和Android设备上使用”,符合语境。2.【解析】选C。由设空前的内容可知选项C符合语境,意为“它包含了关于超过35种不同类型的紧急情况的信息”。3.【解析】选A。该段主要介绍“地震应用程序”,选项A意为“全球地震发生率正在上升”,其中的关键词“earthquake”与段落主题相符。由此可见,选项A符合语境。4.【解析】选E。选
48、项E中的关键信息“storms”与段落标题以及设空处前面句子中的关键线索词“hurricane”相呼应。由此可见,选项E符合语境。5.【解析】选D。选项D中的“These details”与上文中提到的“with details such as.”相呼应。由此可见,选项D符合语境。.书面表达假定你是李华,你的好友张楠的家乡遭遇强烈台风,家庭财产遭受严重损失。请你给她写一封信以示慰问,你为张楠在台风期间所表现出来的沉着冷静表示钦佩,并捐助她500元钱。注意:1.词数80左右;信的开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Dear Zhang Nan,Im awfull
49、y sorry to hear that a horrible and severe typhoon unexpectedly hit your hometown._Remember we wont be far away when you need any help!Yours,Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Zhang Nan,Im awfully sorry to hear that a horrible and severe typhoon unexpectedly hit your hometown.You have lost most of your properties.Fac
50、ed with such an exceptionally severe disaster,your calmness moved me to tears.Considering this emergency,I immediately make every bit of my effort to help you.As your reliablefriend,I express my most sincere pity and care for you.Besides,I have made a donation of 500 yuan to you,expecting that it can help you go through the difficulty although it is not sufficient.I hope a better hometown will be rebuilt.Therefore,never give up whatever happens.Remember we wont be far away when you need any help!Yours,Li Hua
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