1、Section Discovering Useful Structures动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语【观察思考】I saw the thief getting on the train.我看见那贼正在上火车。I saw the thief get on the train and then he disappeared.我看见那贼上了火车,然后消失了。Dont have the students studying all day.不要让学生整天学习。【探究总结】(1)动词-ing形式位于感官动词后作宾语补足语。常见的感官动词有:_、hear、feel、s
2、mell、notice、look at、listen to等。感官动词之后既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,又可跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,其区别是:动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作_,是动作的部分过程;不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的_,暗示动作已经结束。see正在进行全过程(2)动词-ing形式位于动词_、get、keep等之后,侧重表示动作的持续性。【应用实践】用所给动词的适当形式填空。If a cook is found _(smoke)in the kitchen,he will be fired.I wont have you _(run)about in the roo
3、m.We saw the teacher _(do)the experiment.At the airport,a man dressed in a black suit was caught _(spit)on the clean floor.have答案:smokingrunningdoingspitting二、动词-ing形式作状语1.动词-ing形式作状语的具体用法【观察思考】Hearing the news,he couldnt help laughing.(作时间状语)=When he heard the news,he couldnt help laughing.听到那个消息,他
4、忍不住大笑起来。Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.(作原因状语)=Because he was poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.因为穷,他买不起电视机。Working hard,youll surely succeed.(作条件状语)=If you work hard,youll surely succeed.如果努力工作,你就一定会成功。Knowing the whole thing,they still made me pay for the damage.(作让步状语)=Though they knew the w
5、hole thing,they still made me pay for the damage.尽管他们知道整件事情的经过,却还让我赔偿损失。The boy sat in front of the farm house,cutting the branch.(作伴随状语)=The boy sat in front of the farm house,and he cut the branch.那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。The child slipped and fell,hitting his head against the door.(作结果状语)=The child slipped a
6、nd fell,and he hit his head against the door.那男孩滑了一跤,头撞到了门上。Not knowing his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.因为不知道比尔的电话号码,她和他联系遇到了困难。When visiting a strange city,I like to have a guidebook with me.游览陌生城市时,我喜欢随身带着旅游手册。【探究总结】(1)动词-ing形式在句中作状语时,用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,常表示动作发生的时
7、间、原因、条件、结果、方式或表示伴随、让步等,并可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。(2)动词-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。(3)动词-ing形式的否定式是在其前加not。(4)动词-ing形式前可加上适当的连词,如when、while、whenever、if、though、unless等强调前后动作的同时性或使动词-ing形式表达的含义更加明确。动词-ing形式作结果状语表示自然的结果;动词不定式作结果状语表示意料之外的结果,常和only连用。【应用实践】(1)用所给词的适当形式填空。(see)the pictures,she remembered her childhoo
8、d.(ill),he couldnt go to school.(work)hard,youll make great progress in English.His parents died,(leave)him an orphan.He came(run)back to tell me the news.She walked along the street,(sing)softly to herself.(work)very hard,he didnt feel a bit tired.(2)完成句子。Be careful _ _(当穿过)the road._ _ _(尽管缺钱),his
9、 parents managed to send him to university.He ran to the ticket office,_ _ _ _(却被告知)all the tickets had been sold out.One woman was lying in bed,awake,_ _(倾听)the rushing wind.答案:(1)SeeingBeing illWorkingleavingrunningsingingWorking(2)while crossingThough/Although lacking moneyonly to be toldlistenin
10、g to2.动词-ing形式作状语的时态和语态【观察思考】Reading the book,he nodded from time to time.看书时,他不时地点着头。Having finished all his homework,he went out to play.完成所有作业之后,他就出去玩了。Being surrounded,the enemy was forced to give in.由于被包围着,敌人被迫投降。Having been told many times,he still didnt learn these rules by heart.尽管被告知了很多次,他还
11、是没把这些规定记住。【探究总结】(1)动词-ing形式的一般式doing表示其动作和主句的动作_进行或者在主句的动作_发生;完成式_的动作是_主句的动作发生。(2)动词-ing形式的被动式表示动作与主句的主语(分词的逻辑主语)是关系。根据动词-ing形式的动作发生的时间,被动式有一般被动式(表示动作)和完成被动式_(表示动作)。答案:(1)同时;之后;having done;先于(2)被动;being done;正在被进行;having been done;已经被完成【应用实践】用所给词的适当形式填空。(finish)the work,he went to see his teacher.(s
12、tare)at by strangers,he feels embarrassed(尴尬的).(translate)into many languages,the book became famous all over the world.答案:Having finished Being stared Having been translated3.动词-ing形式的特殊结构【观察思考】The rain having stopped,we went on marching.雨过之后,我们继续前进。Generally speaking,boys like playing with balls w
13、hile girls like playing with dolls.一般说来,男孩喜欢玩球,而女孩喜欢玩娃娃。【探究总结】(1)独立主格结构动词-ing形式作状语,有时可以有自己独立的_,这种结构称为_,通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况,也可以表示时间、原因或条件等。(2)有些动词-ing形式作状语,在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在,用来修饰主句,表明说话者的态度、观点等,被称为_。常见的有generally/strictly/frankly speaking、judging from、considering、supposing、providing 等。答案:(1)逻辑主语;独立主格结构 (2)评注性状语/悬垂分词【应用实践】(1)单句改错。Snow melted,the whole village is full of happy children.(2)用所给动词的适当形式填空。(judge)from his accent,he must come from Guangdong.(consider)his limitations,he did a very good job.答案:(1)meltedmelting (2)JudgingConsidering
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