1、20.阅读理解(2篇)完形填空短文改错.阅读理解 A(2019河南六市联考)话题：拳王拒服兵役词数：290难度：Would you go to war for your country? Millions of people do.But occasionally，some refuse to fight.Theyre known as conscientious objectors(拒服兵役者)One of the most famous from the USA is Muhammad Ali.Muhammad Ali was a professional boxer and one of
2、 the most outstanding sports figures of the 20th century.He was born on 17th January 1942 in Louisville (Kentucky) and began training as an amateur boxer when he was 12 years old.At the age of 18，he won a gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.He turned prof
3、essional later that year.At the age of 22，he became the world heavyweight champion.In 1965，he converted to Islam(伊斯兰教) and officially changed his name to Muhammad Ai.Shortly after，he was called up for military service to fight in the Vietnam War.He was firmly against the idea.“My enemy is the white
4、people，not the Viet Cong(越共)，”he explained.“You may oppose when I want freedom.You may oppose when I want justice.You may oppose when I want equality.You want me to go somewhere and fight，but you wont even stand up for me here at home？”After refusing to enlist during a signup ceremony in April 1967，
5、Muhammad was arrested.He was found guilty of draft evasion，and deprived of his boxing titles.As a result，he didnt fight from March 1967 to October 1970.He later became a symbol of the antiwar movement and racial injustice.In 1971，his conviction was overturned by the US Supreme Court.Muhammad Ali die
6、d on 3rd June 2016.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述美国最有名的拳王穆罕默德阿里拒服兵役的故事。1When was Ali awarded the world heavyweight champion?AIn 1960. BIn 1965.CIn 1964. DIn 1967.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“He was born on 17th January 1942 in Louisville (Kentucky).”和“At the age of 22，he became the world heavyweight champion.”可知，阿里出生于
7、1942年，22岁时成为世界重量级冠军。所以，阿里成为世界重量级冠军是在1964年。故选C。2From what Ali said，we can infer that .Ahe felt uncomfortable at homeBhe was afraid of fighting in the warChe changed his name because of the warDhe didnt get treated fairly because of his color答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章第三段“My enemy is the white people，not the Viet
8、 Cong(越共)”可知，阿里认为，他的敌人是白人，而不是越共。从而可以推断出，因为他的肤色，他没有得到公平的对待。故选D。3Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “enlist” in Paragraph 4?AAccept the invitation. BJoin the army.CTake up boxing. DAttend the meeting.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据上一段中的“Shortly after，he was called up for military service to fig
9、ht in the Vietnam War.He was firmly against the idea.”和下一段中的“He was found guilty of draft evasion，and deprived of his boxing titles.”可以猜测出，这里为穆罕默德阿里“拒绝入伍”之意。故选B。4Why did Ali stop boxing from 1967 to 1970?AHe wasnt allowed to box.BHe was too weak to box.CHe served in the army.DHe wanted to have a bre
10、ak.答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段前两句“He was found guilty of draft evasion，and deprived of his boxing titles.As a result，he didnt fight from March 1967 to October 1970.”可知，他被判逃避兵役，并被剥夺了拳击冠军的称号，从1967年3月到1970年10月，他不被允许打拳击。故选A。B(2019江西高三4月模拟)话题：海洋环保词数：330难度：Microplastics are small plastic pieces that have accumula
11、ted in the marine(海洋的) environment following decades of pollution.These pieces can cause significant issues for marine creatures that ingest them，including inflammation(炎症)，reduced feeding and weightloss.Microplastic pollution may also spread from organism to organism when one creature is eaten by o
12、thers.Since the pieces can bind to chemical pollutants，these associated poisons could accumulate in predator species.Mesopelagic(海洋中层的) fish serve as a food source for a large variety of marine animals，including swordfish，dolphins，seals and sea birds.Typically living at depths of 2001,000 meters，the
13、se fish swim to the surface at night to feed and then return to deeper waters during the day.Through these upright movements，mesopelagic fish play a key role in the cycling of carbon and nutrients from the surface to the deep seaa process known as biogeochemical cycling.This means they could spread
14、microplastic pollution throughout the marine ecosystem，by carrying microplastics from the surface down to deeper waters，affecting deepsea organisms.To investigate this further，researchers set out to catch fish in a remote area of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean.The researchers caught mesopelagic fish a
15、t varying depths，and then examined their stomachs for microplastics back in the lab.They used a particular air filter so as not to introduce plastic fibers in the air from the lab environment.The team found a lot of microplastics in the fish stomachs.As the researchers were extremely careful to clea
16、r pollution with fibers from the air，they were confident that the fish had eaten the fibers in the sea all over the world.The researchers plan further studies to learn more about how these fish are ingesting and spreading microplastics.It will be particularly interesting to see whether the fish eat
17、these microplastics directly as mistaken foods，or whether they eat them through eating other species，which have previously eaten the microplastics.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，题材为海洋环保类。塑料微粒是几十年的海洋环境污染积累下的小塑料碎片，对海洋生物造成了污染并产生了严重的影响。5What does the underlined word “ingest” in Paragraph 1 mean?AAttack. BSwallow.CIgnore.
18、 DAvoid.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可推出，此处意为“这些塑料碎片对吞食了它们的海洋生物会造成重大问题，包括炎症，减少进食和体重减轻”。所以ingest的意思同swallow “吞下”。故选B项。6What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?AHow deepsea fish feed themselves.BWhy mesopelagic fish are important.CHow microplastics spread to deep sea.DHow dangerous microplastics are to the sea.
19、答案C解析段落大意题。根据第二段第三句“Through these upright movements，mesopelagic fish play a key role in the cycling of carbon and nutrients from the surface to the deep sea.”可知，海洋中层带的鱼类把塑料微粒带到了深海，从而影响了深海生物。故选C。7What conclusion did the researchers draw from the study on mesopelagic fish?AFish in the remote area are
20、safe to eat.BPlastic fibers in the air may enter fish.CThey are all polluted by microplastics.DMesopelagic fish live at varying depths.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中的“they were confident that the fish had eaten the fibers in the sea”可知，研究得出的结论是：海洋中层带的鱼类都受到了塑料微粒的污染。故选C。8What will further studies focus on?AIn
21、what way microplastics enter mesopelagic fish.BHow seriously microplastics affect sea creatures.CWhether fish with microplastics harm humans.DHow microplastics spread in the deep ocean.答案A解析细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“It will be particularly interesting to see whether the fish eat these microplastics directly
22、as mistaken foods，or whether they eat them through eating other species.”可知，进一步的科学研究集中于研究这些塑料微粒是通过什么方式进入海洋生物的体内的：是误当作食物吃进去的，还是吃了其他吃了塑料微粒的物种。故选A。.完形填空(2019河南八市联盟高三第5次测评)话题：帮助别人词数：385难度：I always help others instinctively(本能地)No matter how big or small the action，I am 9 to help others，such as opening d
23、oors，sharing umbrella and so on.I was driving home on a 6lane highway.A huge 10 ，involving 5 cars，unfolded in front of me.Subconsciously，I 11 100 feet past the pileup and ran to a car which was upside down.I got the injured out of the car and 12 them against the guardrail(护栏)I then went to the four
24、other cars to check if anyone else was hurt 13 .I looked over and saw a young man，bloody and contorted， 14 still on the pavement.Everyone around said he was dead；several had checked.But a feeling inside me said “I didnt check him.Can they be 15 he is dead？”I felt for pulses at different spots and fe
25、lt 16 .Then I checked the carotid artery(颈动脉) once again.At that moment，I was feeling for a very weak 17 and rapid heart rate.I pushed his chin upwards.He then 18 out a big clot(血块)，and started taking rapid， 19 breaths.By then，the ambulance was leaving with other 20 .It had been reported on radio th
26、at there was a death.So when I motioned to the ambulance driver， 21 this person was alive and needed help first.He initially 22 my request.But with my insistence，he，together with a nurse，did in fact 23 the man thought to be dead.He was admitted to a local ICU.His injuries were serious，with little 24
27、 to recover.Some foretold he wouldnt 25 it.Due to the distinguished doctors and care of nurses，he did 26 .When he was released from hospital，the story was 27 by all the news stations.I smiled to myself，happy that I was fortunate enough to be at the right place at the right time，to follow my 28 ，and
28、did a big deal.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者遵循自己的直觉，帮忙救了一个在车祸中别人都认为已经死了的年轻人。9A.driven BpersuadedCordered Dconvinced答案A解析根据第一句“I always help others instinctively(本能地)”可知，作者总是受本能的驱使去帮助别人。drive驱使。故选A。10A.trunk BaccidentCcase Dtruck答案B解析根据下文提示可知发生了一场大车祸。故选B。11A.went over Btook overCgot over Dpulled over答案D解析go ov
29、er检查；take over接管；get over克服；pull over靠边停车。根据上下文可知作者把车停在100米开外的路边。故选D。12A.put BleanedCstood Dsat答案D解析根据上下文可知，作者救了人，使伤者靠护栏坐下。sit此处为及物动词，意为“使坐，使就座”。故选D。13A.slightly BhardlyCbadly Dcasually答案C解析作者继续去其他事故车辆看是否有严重(badly)受伤者。故选C。14A.dying BlyingChiding Dcrying答案B解析作者看见一个年轻人，血淋淋的，扭曲着身体，一动不动地躺在(lie)人行道上。故选B。
30、15A.certain BskepticalCpuzzled Deager答案A解析作者心里想，“我没有检查伤者。他们能确定(certain)他死了吗？” 故选A。16A.something BeverythingCnothing Danything答案C解析作者亲自检查，摸了伤者几处脉搏，什么也没有感觉到。故选C。17A.voice BbreathCpulse Dmove答案C解析作者又一次检查伤者的颈动脉时，感受到了微弱的脉搏。故选C。18A.spat BspokeCthrew Dcoughed答案D解析作者把伤者的下巴向上推。然后他咳出(cough)一个大血块，开始急促的浅呼吸。故选D。
31、19A.strong BdeepCnarrow Dshallow答案D解析参见上题解析。shallow浅的。故选D。20A.victims BpassengersCnurses Ddrivers答案A解析那时救护车带着其他伤者就要离开。victim常用来指地震、事故、罢工事件的受难者。故选A。21A.proving BindicatingCpretending Dimagining答案B解析电台已经报道有人死亡。所以当作者向救护车司机示意(indicate)这个人还活着，需要首先救治时，他起初不理睬作者的要求。故选B。22A.criticized BacceptedCunderstood Di
32、gnored答案D解析参见上题解析。criticize指责；accept接受；understand理解；ignore不理睬，忽视。故选D。23A.look into Btake overCattend to Dyell at答案C解析look into调查；take over接管；attend to照顾照料，解决，处理；yell at对吼叫。在作者的坚持下，事实上，他们确实照顾了那个被认为已经死亡的人。故选C。24A.time BchanceCstrength Denergy答案B解析伤者被当地的重症监护室收治。他的伤很严重，恢复的机会(chance)很小。有人预言他难以度过危险。故选B。25
33、A.get BmakeChave Dput答案B解析参见上题解析。make it习惯用法，意为“获得成功”，此处指脱离生命危险。故选B。26A.succeed BappearCsurvive Descape答案C解析succeed成功；appear出现；survive幸存，活下来；escape逃离。多亏了医生和护士的照顾，伤者活下来了。故选C。27A.covered BinvitedCpraised Dinterviewed答案A解析伤者出院时，媒体争相报道。cover报道，电视报道。interview采访，其对象是人。而本句的主语是the story，是物，故选A。28A.instinct
34、BdreamCambition Dhobby答案A解析instinct直觉；dream梦想；ambition抱负；hobby爱好。和文章第一句“I always help others instinctively(本能地)”首尾照应，作者遵循自己的本能(instinct)，做了一件了不起的事。故选A。.短文改错(2019河南六市一模)话题：参加合唱词数：102难度：Last week，a chorus competition was holding in our school.Our teacher told us about it on Monday and encouraged us ta
35、ke part in it.After the heated discussion，we both agreed to sing Defending Yellow River.Four days later，the chorus had started in the school hall.We sang with full passion，wearing uniform costume.We were glad to see that all audience applauded warm at the end of our performance.Thanks for our wonder
36、ful and inspired performance，we finally won the first prize.We were not only proud of our victory，and deeply impressed by the meaning of cooperation.答案Last week，a chorus competition was in our school.Our teacher told us about it on Monday and encouraged us take part in it.After heated discussion，we
37、agreed to sing Defending Yellow River.Four days later，the chorus had started in the school hall.We sang with full passion，wearing uniform .We were glad to see that all audience applauded at the end of our performance.Thanks our wonderful and performance，we finally won the first prize.We were not onl
38、y proud of our victory， deeply impressed by the meaning of cooperation.第一处：考查被动语态。分析句子可知，此处不是过去进行时，应为一般过去时的被动语态，意为“一场合唱比赛在我们学校被举办”。故把holding改为held。第二处：考查固定短语。encourage sb.to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”。故在take前加to。第三处：考查不定冠词。此处泛指“一次激烈的讨论”。故把the改为a。第四处：考查代词。both“两者都”；all “全部(三者或三者以上)”。根据语境，此处指全班同学。故把both改为all。第五
39、处：考查时态。根据时间状语Four days later可知，此处应使用一般过去时。故去掉had。第六处：考查名词的复数。costume“服装”是可数名词，根据语境，此处应使用复数形式。故把costume改为costumes。第七处：考查副词。此处修饰动词applauded，应使用副词。故把warm改为warmly。第八处：考查固定词组。thanks to“由于，多亏了”。故把for改为to。第九处：考查形容词。inspired“有灵感的”，inspiring“鼓舞人心的”。此处指“我们精彩而鼓舞人心的表演”。故把inspired改为inspiring。第十处：考查固定结构。句意为：我们不仅为我们的胜利感到自豪，而且对合作的意义印象深刻。not only.but (also).“不仅而且”。故把and改为but。
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