1、知识感悟一、词汇详解e to life 活过来；变活泼【典型例句】 You are very cool with your brother,but with your friends you really come to life.你对你弟弟冷冰冰的，但跟朋友在一起倒很活跃。The statue comes to life,and the king falls in love with the woman he has created and marries her.雕像复活了，国王爱上了他创造的这个女人并与她结了婚。【相关链接】 bring sb./sth. to life 给某人/某事物以
2、活力2.make.out of.把做成；把造就成；把改制成【典型例句】 Higgins,as a kind of experiment,tries to make a lady out of an uneducated girl called Eliza Doolittle,who sells flowers in the street.作为一种实验，希金斯想把一个未受过教育的、在街头卖花的姑娘伊莱扎杜利特尔培养成一个淑女。【相关链接】 be made of “由做成”，通常能看出原材料be made from “由做成”，通常看不出原材料be made up of “由组成”，指由部分构成整
3、体be made in 在制造be made into 被制造成make up for弥补3.treat.as.把当作【典型例句】 He treated the orphan as his own son.他对待这个孤儿像是自己的亲儿子一样。I decided to treat his remark as a joke.我决定把他的话当作戏言。【相关链接】 regard.as.,consider.as.,look on.as.,take.as.,consider.to be.,think of.as.,recognize.as.等短语都可以表示“把看作，把当作”。4.be ready to.愿
4、意【典型例句】 She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。He was ready to believe her.他愿意相信她。【相关链接】 be ready to do sth.还可以用来表示“马上要，很可能即将做某事”。表示动作时也可以用get ready to。be ready for可以表示“准备好；准备完毕；急需；需尽快得到”。be ready with “准备好所说的话”。一般后面接excuse,answer,replay,explanation,suggestion等名词作宾语。5.pass sb./sth. off as sth. 假
5、扮；冒充【典型例句】 She passed herself off as an experienced actress.她冒充成有经验的女演员。He escaped by passing himself off as a guard.他伪装成看守人而得以逃脱。【相关链接】 pass构成的固定短语较多，常见的列举如下：pass away 亡故pass by 通过，经过pass down世代相传；流传pass for/as 被认为是;当作pass off (以某方式)发生并完成pass sth.on 转交;传给pass through 经过；路过pass over 越过6.rather than
6、而不是；而非【典型例句】 Id call her hair chestnut rather than brown.我宁愿说她的头发是栗色，而不是棕色。Id prefer to go in summer rather than in winter.我宁愿夏天去，不愿冬天去。We ought to invest in new machinery rather than in buildings.我们该在新机器上而不是建筑上投资。I always prefer getting up early,rather than going to school without breakfast我总是愿意早起床
7、，而不愿不吃早饭去上学。I decided to write rather than(to)telephone.我决定写信而不是打电话。Rather than cause trouble,he left.他不愿惹麻烦，宁可离去。Rather than regretting for the failure,why not try again?与其为失败而后悔,为什么不再试一次呢?It is snowing rather than raining outside.外面在下雪,不是在下雨。【知识小结】 rather than表示“而不是,与其不如”。可作为一个连词词组,用来连接两个并列成分,表示在两
8、者中进行选择,后面可以接名词、名词短语、代词、形容词、副词、动词、不定式、动名词等。注意观察以上例句，总结出规律。【相关链接】 would rather.than.意思是“宁愿；更喜欢”。Shed rather die than give a speech.她宁愿死也不愿意演讲。7.become of (某人或某事)怎么样了/将会怎样【典型例句】 I dont know what becomes of the boy if he keeps failing his examinations.如果那个男生考试一直不及格下去的话，我不知道他的遭遇会是怎么样。What becomes of my b
9、lue bag?I cant find it anywhere.我的蓝色的书包哪里去了？我到处都找不到它。【知识小结】 该短语所用的句型结构归纳如下：What became/has become/will become of sb./sth.?【相关链接】 become 的其他用法：vt.合适或适合于It would not become me.to interfere with parties.我不适合介入党派。vt.相称：表现长处；使好看The new suit becomes you.这套新衣适合你。plain of 诉说；抱怨【典型例句】 Mary is always complain
10、ing of something.玛丽老是抱怨这抱怨那。She left early,complaining of a headache.她说自己头痛，很早就离开了。【相关链接】 complaint 常用于complaint about/against sb./sth.抱怨；埋怨；投诉；控告The most common complaint is about poor service.最常见的投诉与糟糕的服务有关。Id like to make a complaint about the noise.我要就噪音问题提出投诉。9.superior adj.更大的；更强的【典型例句】 A majo
11、r is superior to a captain.少校(地位)高于上尉。He is smaller than you,but he is superior to you.他个子比你小，但他比你强。He always looks so superior.他总是显得那么有优越感。【知识小结】 be superior to sb./sth.(在品质上)更好的；占优势【相关链接】 the superior of意思是“胜过的人”。以-ior结尾的形容词，后接介词to表示比较，如：superior,inferior,prior,senior,junior等。10.sincere adj.诚恳的；诚挚
12、的；衷心的【典型例句】 Her sadness seemed sincere.她的难过似乎是真心真意的。Please accept our sincere thanks.请接受我们诚挚的谢意。【相关链接】 sincerely adv.真诚地，诚恳地I sincerely hope your sister will be well again soon.我真诚地希望你姐姐很快康复。I sincerely believe that this is the right decision.我真心实意地相信这个决定是正确的。随堂演练翻译句子(1)太阳一升起，农场就又活了。Sunriseand the f
13、arm_ _ _again.(2)我们邀请特德吧，有他到就会热闹了。Lets invite Tedhe knows how to _ a party _ .答案： (1)comes to life(2)bring;to life完成句子（1）Paper_ _ _wood.（2）The table_ _ _ wood.（3）She _ the dress _ _ some old curtains.（4）The TV set_ _ _China.（5）Do you think her beauty could_ _ _ her stupidity?（6）This medical team _ _
14、 _ _ten doctors.答案：(1)is made from(2)is made of(3)made;out of(4)is made in(5)make up for(6)is made up of英译汉（1）He regards himself as a patriot._（2）This reward is considered(to be)a great honor._（3）He considers himself(to be)an expert on the subject._（4）She is looked on as the leading authority on the
15、 subject._答案：(1)他自认为是个爱国者。(2)这项奖被视为极大的荣誉。(3)他认为自己是该学科的专家。(4)她被视为该学科的主要权威。汉译英（1）我正在让孩子准备好去上学。_（2）我已经二十岁了，作好了一切准备。_（3）他总是乐于提出建议。_（4）他可能随时都会倒下。_（5）长途步行后，我们大家急需喝水。_答案：(1)Im just getting the kids ready for school.(2)I was twenty years old and ready for anything.(3)Hes always ready with advice.(4)He was r
16、eady to fall down at any minute.(5)After the long walk,we were all ready for water.完成句子（1）Dont pass yourself _ (冒充) a knowledgeable person.（2）The great musician passed _ (去世) last week.（3）The sadness not passing _ (结束),she got down to her work.（4）Pass_ (越过)the hill,youll find a thick forest.（5）Pass
17、the book _ (传给)to me when youve finished with it.（6）The procession passed right _ (经过)my front door.答案： (1)off as(2)away(3)off(4)over(5)on(6)by单项填空(1)It was what he meant _what he said.A.other thanB.rather thanC.or ratherD.more than 解析：rather than表示“而不是”。答案:B(2)I think Ill have a cold drink _ a cup
18、of coffee.A.more thanB.ratherC.rather thanD.or rather 答案：C(3)Shall I open the window to let some fresh air in?No, _.A.Id rather notB.Id rather you notC.Id rather you didntD.Id like not to解析：would rather后的句子常用虚拟语气。若表示现在的愿望，则句子用一般过去时态。答案:C翻译句子(4)He would rather live in the country than in the city._(5
19、)He said he would be poor rather than get money in such a dishonest way._答案: (4)他宁愿住在乡下，不愿住在市里。(5)他说他宁愿穷也不愿用这种不诚实的方式获得钱财。汉译英（1）以前和你住在一起的那个学生怎么样了？_（2）这种举止与她不相称。_（3）短发的确使你显得很帅。_（4）他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。_（5）他们想知道他到底怎么了？_（6）我不知道我失业后会怎么样。_答案：(1)What became of the student who used to live with you?(2)Such beha
20、vior did not become her.(3)Short hair really becomes you.(4)It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary.(5)They wondered what had become of him.(6)I dont know what will become of me when I am out of work.完成句子（1）Im going to _ to the manager about this.（2）She never _,but shes obvious
21、ly exhausted.（3）I believe you have a_against one of our nurses.（4）She left early, _ a headache.（5）I think you have a _against one of the nurses.答案：(1)complain(2)complains(3)complaint (4)complaining of(5)complaint单句改错(1)This model is technically superior than its competitors._(2)This watch is more su
22、perior to that one._(3)Many people consider Tom the superior to John._(4)The potato crop of 1996 was superior to 1976._(5)Modern music is often considered inferior to it of the past._答案：(1)than改为to (2)去掉more(3)to改为of(4)to后加that of(5)it改为that单项填空(1)He wrote“_” at the end of the letter.A.sincere youB.
23、sincerely yourC.sincerely yours D.sincerely yours解析：考查信的结束语。答案:D(2)A friend indeed should be _.A.reasonableB.insensitiveC.loftyD.sincere解析：sincere表示“真诚的”。答案:D二、句型剖析1.It is+adj.+for sb.to do sth.是一个常用句式，意思是“对某人来说干某事是的”。【典型例句】 It is necessary for us to grasp a foreign language.对我们来说，掌握一门外语是有必要的。【相关链接】
24、 It is+adj.+of sb.to do sth.意思是“干什么事体现出某人什么特点”。在该句型中，形容词主要指描述人的性格品质的形容词。It is very kind of you to help me.你帮我忙真是太好了。2.What does it matter.?有什么关系？【典型例句】 What does it matter when they start?他们什么时候动身这有什么关系？What does it matter how they solved the problem?他们怎么解决的问题，这要紧吗？【相关链接】 It doesnt matter.不要紧Whats t
25、he matter with.?(询问情况)怎么了?as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上三、语法详解冠词的用法1.不用冠词的情况(1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。China,America,SmithAir is matter.(2)可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。This dictionary is mine.(3)季节、月份、星期、节日(特别是含有day的节日名词前)、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。March,May Day,National Day,Childrens Day,Womens Day H
26、ave you had supper?Spring is the best season of the year.(4)称呼语或指家用雇用的nurse,cook等名词前一般不加冠词。Whats this,father?Ask nurse to put the child to bed，Professor Li.表示只有一人担任的头衔或职务的名词作表语、补语及同位语或介词宾语时，以及表示头衔职位的名词与姓氏连用，一般不加冠词。We made him our chairman.Cook was captain of the ship “Endeavor”.(5)学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。
27、Do you study physics?He likes playing football/chess.(6)复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时其前不用冠词。They are peasants/workers.(7)在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。by car,by bus,by bike,by train,by air/water/land但：take a bus,come in a boat,on the train/bus需注意。(8)某些固定词组中不用冠词。名词词组中： husband and wife,brother and sister,body and soul,day an
28、d night,knife and fork介词词组中：to(at,from)school,in(to)class,in(to,at,from)university(college),to(in,into,from)church,to(in,into,out of)prison(hospital,bed),to(at,from,out of)work,to(in,from)town,at(from)home,to(at)sea,at night(noon,midnight),by car(bus,bicycle,plane),on foot注意：在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。in hospi
29、tal 住院(因病)in the hospital在医院(工作、参观等) in front of“在前面”，指某物体之外in the front of “在前部”，指某物之内in charge负责，主管in the charge由负责out of question没问题out of the question不可能(9)as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词提前时不带冠词。Child as she is,she knows a lot of French. (10)系动词turn,go(作“变成”讲)后作表语的可数名词单数前习惯不用冠词。The young girl has turned wri
30、ter.=The young girl has become a writer.(11)在单数名词+after+同一单数名词(表示“一个接一个”)结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。She did experiment after experiment.类似的还有shop after shop,mistake after mistake(12)形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。“most+形容词原级”most作“十分、非常、极”讲时，前面不用定冠词。如：Oh,its most beautiful.He is most kind to me.当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二
31、个形容词前通常不用定冠词。She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物相比时，其前不用定冠词。The market in the country is busiest in winter.形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不能用定冠词。A wolf in a sheeps skin is our most dangerous enemy.序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第”，但在second，third等词前加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”。.why you took a second arrow.注
32、意：下句中a first表示“第一名、冠军”。如：He is a top student in our class,he often gets a first in maths.(13)no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后面的名词不用冠词。No such thing has ever happened in this village.(14)never，ever置于作主语的名词前，这些名词前不用冠词。Never did student study so hard.这个学生从未学得这么认真。(15)有时为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力，或为了引起注意力，省去a(n)或the,这主要用
33、于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书名等。Conference opens.会议召开了。(16)in+书写工具/颜料时 in pen/pencil/ink/red2.定冠词的使用情况(1)使用定冠词的一般情况。特指或第二次提到。Last weekend,I met a girl at the party given by my friend.And the girl happens to be one of my former schoolmates.序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。用于表示发明物的单数名词前,表示泛指或某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前。The compass
34、 was invented in China. The tiger is in danger of dying out.the Peoples Republic of China说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。Where to go,Jack?To the library.用于表示方位的名词前面。Japan lies to the east of China.用于某些词组中。in the morning,on the whole,the same as,out of the question(不可能的)，on the other hand(2)定冠词使用特殊的场合。He hit him in
35、the face.beat sb.on the nose,take sb.by the arm,pat sb.on the headthe rich,the poor,the wounded 富人，穷人，伤员the elder of the two,the more beautiful of the two两者中较年长的一位，较漂亮的一个The sooner,the better.越快越好。He got paid by the hour.他是按小时领工钱的。表示计量单位的名词前加the,如：by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year/the meter.
36、但：by weight按重量in the 50s/in the 1870s(表示年代)the Smiths/the Whites(表示一家人或夫妇俩)in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/raintell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home当抽象名词表示某一特定内容，特别是当它有一限定性修饰语时，它与定冠词连用：She is fond of music.He is playing the music written by Beethoven.Good advice is
37、beyond price.Im sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.3.不定冠词常用的几种情况(1)表示“一”相当于“one”。Ill return in a day or two.(2)表示“每”相当于“per”。We have three meals a day.(3)表示“同一性”相当于“the same”。The children are of an age.(4)表示类指，表示“某类”。He wants to be a doctor.(5)表示泛指人或事，相当于“any”。A horse is a useful animal.(6)表
38、示某一个，相当于“a certain”。A Mr.Smith is asking to see you.(7)与抽象名词连用，可以表示“一场、一次、一件”，如：a pleasure一件乐事，a surprise一件令人惊讶的事，a joy一件高兴的事，a pity一件遗憾的事，an honour一个(件)引以为荣的人(事)。其他： a cold,a light,a failure,a success,a must,a wonder,a danger(8)与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵，一份”。What a heavy rain!What a good supper!Please give m
39、e a black coffee!（9）用于某些词组中：have a rest,have a look,have a good time,take a shower,take a break,take a bath,get a cold,get a fever,develop into a habit,make a living,make a difference between,in a moment,in a sense,in a way,once in a while,as a result,as a whole等。4.冠词表类别的常见方式(1)定冠词+单数可数名词，表示一个，代表一类。
40、The computer was invented in 1945.The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.The horse is a useful animal.(2)不定冠词+单数可数名词，表示任意一个，某一个。A pen is a tool for writing.A square has four sides.A horse is a useful animal.注意：man,woman表示泛指时，不用冠词，且常用单数。如：Man is fighting a battle against pollution.Man tries to be the
41、protector of woman.(3)可数名词或不可数名词，指类别(考虑到同类中的各个情况)。Horses are useful animals.Rice is a kind of food.5.冠词位置问题(1)不定冠词+副词+形容词+名词。This is a very interesting story.(2)such，what，half，all，both+冠词+形容词+名词。Ive never seen such a film! He drank all the beer in the house.Half a pound of pork,please!What a good id
42、ea it is!(3)as，so，too，how，however，enough+形容词+不定冠词+名词。It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.I cant finish the task in so short a time.This seems not too long a distance.We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out.However low the price you paid,you waste your money.He is brave enough a hunt
43、er to kill the bear.(4)定冠词位置。half，twice，three times+the+名词He paid twice the price for it.Their house is three times the size of yours.all，both，double+the+名词Both the blind men were mistaken.All the students in our class are eager to know the secret.I offered him double the amount,but he still refused
44、.选词填空(of/for)(1)It is important _you to inform me of that earlier.(2)It is possible _ him to solve the problem.(3)It is very nice _you to lend me the money.答案：(1)for(2)for(3)of汉译英(1)你做什么对我无所谓。_(2)你今天怎么了？_(3)怎么了，出了什么事吗？_(4)事实上，他并不是一个诚实的人。_答案：(1)It doesnt matter to me what you do.(2)Whats the matter w
45、ith you today?(3)Whats the matter?Is there something wrong?(4)As a matter of fact,he is not an honest man.单项填空（1）The warmth of_ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/解析：wool为物质名词，前面常不用冠词；第一个空处表示特指。答案:B（2）Most animals have little connection with_ an
46、imals of_different kind unless they kill them for food.A.the;aB./;aC.the;theD./;the解析：名词复数前表示泛指不用冠词；a kind表示“一种”。答案:B（3）Paper money was in_ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _thir-teenth centuryA.the;/B.the;theC./;theD./;/解析：in use为固定短语，表示“使用”；序数词前用定冠词。答案:C（4）The party last night t
47、urned out to be _ success.We all sang and danced until it came to _ end at twelve.A.a;anB.a;theC.the;anD./;an解析：success前加a，是抽象名词的具体化，表示“一件成功的事或一个成功的人”。come to an end为固定短语，意思是“结束”。答案:A（5）When he left_ college,he got a job as _ reporter in a newspaper office.A./;aB./;the C.a;theD.the;the 解析：leave coll
48、ege意思是“大学毕业”，不用冠词；a reporter一名记者。答案:A（6）George W.Bush, _ President of the United States,is to visit China _third time.A.a;aB.the;a C./;aD./;the 解析：专有名词前可不用冠词；序数词前用不定冠词，表示“再，又”，不表示顺序。答案:C（7）Just now you said you always got to work on _ 8 oclock train.But would _later train get you to work on time?A.a
49、;aB.a;theC.the;theD.the;a解析：第一个空表示特指；第二个表示泛指。答案:D（8）The building was completed in _ September of 1956 not in _ October，1955.A./;theB.the;theC./;/D.the;/解析：月份名称前面一般不用冠词，注意the.of.的使用。答案:D（9）I would like to have _ room, _ window of which opens to _ south.A.a;the;aB.a;the;theC.a;/;/D.a;the;/解析：第一个空表示泛指；
50、第二个空表示特指；方位名词前常用定冠词。答案:B（10）There is _ house in the picture.There is _ old woman near _ house.A.an;a;theB.a;an;theC.the;a;anD.a;the;an解析：第二次提到某人或物，前面用定冠词。答案:B（11）_ Europe and _America are separated by _ Atlantic Ocean.A./;/;theB.the;the;theC./;/;/D.the;the;/解析：大洲前不用冠词；大洋名称前都用定冠词。答案:A（12）There is _ “
51、h” in the word “honest”.A.aB.theC./D.an解析： “h”的发音，以元音开始，前面用an。答案:D（13）_ terrible life people in the small island lived at that time!A.WhatB.HowC.What aD.How a解析：life前加a，表示一段生活。答案:C（14）Father often says to me,“Be _ honest boy today and _ useful man tomorrow.” A.a;aB.an;anC.a;anD.an;a解析：注意单词的发音。honest
52、中h不发音，单词以元音开始。答案:D（15）Things of _ kind come together;people of _ find fall into _ same group.A.the;the;theB.a;a;theC.the;the;aD.a;the;the解析：same前用定冠词。of a kind表示“属于同一类的”。答案:B（16）_ Suez Canal brought _ east and _ west closer.A.The;the;theB./;the;theC.The;/;/D./;/;/解析：表示泛指或某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前用定冠词，方位名词前用定冠
53、词。答案:A（17）I felt someone patted me on _ shoulder.A.a B.theC.myD./解析：身体部位前常用定冠词。答案:B（18）So you are running restaurant?Yes，but I dont want to make it _ restaurant only for rich people.A.the;/B.the;theC.a;theD.a;a解析：两个空处分别表示“一个”和“一种”。答案:D（19）Xian was _ starting point of _world famous“Silk Road”.A./;/B.
54、a;aC.the;/D.the;the解析：都表示特指。答案:D（20）It is ten oclock in the morning but he is still _.A.in the bedB.at the bedC.in bedD.on bed解析：in bed为固定短语，表示“卧床”。答案:C（21）More than half of _water used for drinking,washing and irrigating crops comes from under _ ground.A.the;/B./;theC./;/D.the;the解析：表示特指。答案:D（22）At
55、 noon we reached _ small village_east of _Summer Palace.A.the;the;theB.a;/;theC.a;the;theD.a;/;/解析：a small village表示“某一个小村庄”；普通名词构成的专有名词前用定冠词；east为副词，前不用冠词。答案:B（23）The child had only_slight temperature,but the doctor regarded _ ill-ness as serious enough for_hospital treatment.A./;/;theB.a;/;/C.a;th
56、e;/D./;the;the解析：have a temperature表示“发烧”；第二个空处用the表示特指。答案:C（24）I had _ lunch at a friends house yesterday. _ food was good.A.the;/B./;/C.the;theD./;The解析：三餐名词前不用冠词；第二个空表示特指。答案:D（25）What is Jack going to do with all his money?He says he was always dreamed of taking _ trip around _ world.A.a;theB.the
57、;theC.a;/D.a;a解析：take a trip做一次旅行；world前应该用定冠词。答案:A（26）Qingdao is _ most beautiful city in summer.A.theB./C.aD.one解析：most前加a表示“非常的”，不表示最高级。答案:C（27）Many people agree that _knowledge of English is a must in _internationaltrade today.A.a;/B.the;anC.the;theD./;the解析：a knowledge of.指“有关某方面的知识”。答案:A（28）Be
58、yond _stars;the astronaut saw nothing but _ space.A.the;/B./;theC./;/D.the;the解析：space意思是“太空”，前面常不用冠词。the stars特指“群星”。答案:A课文浓缩下面的一段文章为原文的浓缩,仔细阅读,根据原文章内容将其补充完整,并尽量背诵。There is a classical Greek myth 1. which a king,Pygmalion,carves a statue of a beautiful woman.The statue comes 2. life,and at last mar
59、ries him.Shaws most famous play,Pygmalion,is3. on this myth.It is a comedy about an expert,Henry Higgins,who tries to make a lady 4. an uneducated girl called Eliza,5. sells flowers in the street.Higgins believes that class is not connected with your true character,so they begin the experiment.Eliza
60、 stays with Higgins and 6. lessons from him in how to speak correctly.She slowly changes,7. a beautiful and charming young woman.Higgins introduces her to polite society,8. accepts that she is a lady.During their stay together,Eliza is half in love 9. Higgins,but Higgins treats her more as a servant or daughter.Realising that he will never really love her,she leaves the house and marries a young man who she knows 10. a lot for her.Higgins11. her to start a 12. shop and they 13. good friends. 答案：1.in2.to3.based4.out of5.who6.receives7.becoming8.which9.with10.cares11.helps12.flower13.remain
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