1、Unit 4A glimpse of the future Using language语法精讲素养提升主谓一致(Subject-verb agreement)【语用功能】主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。高考试题对这一语法项目的考查重点是:名词作主语时的谓语形式;分隔情况下,主语和谓语的一致;分数、百分数、不定式、动名词作主语时的主谓一致。并列主语的主谓一致、定语从句中的主谓一致和倒装句中的主谓一致等。【情境探究】It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants.As
2、it is,almost 50 per cent of US jobs are at risk from automation in the next 20 years.Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run.Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant.The truth is that none of us is/are prepared for the ch
3、allenges of AI.I believe most of the value of Al lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data.Your enemy is well trained,well equipped and battle-hardened.观察上面句子,并完成下面内容:1.分析可知,百分数+of+名词结构作主语,谓语动词的单复数由_决定。2.分析可知,every+单数可数名词作主语,谓语动词用_数形式。3.分析可知,none of+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用_数皆可。4.分析可知,
4、most of+不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用_数形式。5.分析可知,enemy是集体名词,此处表示整体,所以谓语动词用_数形式。of后的名词的单复数单单复单单【要义详析】1.集体名词如:group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,audience,club,party,crew等作主语时,如果看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式,如果侧重其成员,谓语动词用复数形式。集体名词如:people,cattle,police,youth等作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。*The police are looking for the thief
5、.警察正在寻找那个小偷。*Cattle are not allowed to graze here.这里不准放牛。*My family has four people.My family all like watching football games.我家有四口人。我的家人都喜欢看足球比赛。2.主语是单复数同形的名词如:deer,sheep,fish,series,means,works,aircraft等时,视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数形式。*Every means has been tried,but none proved successful.每个办法都尝试过了,但没有一个是
6、成功的。*Many means have not come into effect.许多方法都没生效。3.代词none,neither,all以及what引导的从句等作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于所指代的内容。*All we need is a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.我们所需要的就是一小块土地,在这儿我们可以在一年的生长季节种植各种各样的果树。*What they have are 200 c
7、omputers.他们拥有的是二百台电脑。4.当主语是不定代词somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,everything,nothing,something,anything等时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。*Somebody is waiting for you outside.有人在外面等你。*Nobody knows the answer.没有人知道答案。【名师点津】不定代词作主语时的主谓一致有些不定代词作主语时,据意义确定谓语动词的单复数,若不定代词所指为单数意义,谓语用单数形式;若不定代词所指为复数意义,谓语用复数形式。这类词有:all,some,any,m
8、ore,most,half等。*All are happy to hear the news.听到这个消息大家都很高兴。*All that has to be done has been done.该做的事都做了。*Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water.地球表面的大部分被水覆盖着。*Half of the wood has been carried away.一半的木头被搬走了。5.表示时间,长度,距离,金额,价值,重量,容量等的复数名词作主语时,通常作整体看待,即表示总量或总和,谓语动词用单数形式。若把它们看作一个个的个体,
9、即强调其具体数量时,谓语动词用复数形式。*Twenty years is a long time to us.二十年对我们来说是一段很长的时间。*Two hundred miles is not a long distance.两百英里不是一段很长的距离。*Ten thousand US dollars is a lot of money.一万美元是一大笔钱。*There are ten minutes left.还有十分钟。6.用and连接两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如果and连接的两个名词指的是同一人、事、物或概念(如:a knife and fork一副刀叉,t
10、he bread and butter奶油面包,my house and home我的家)时,则谓语动词用单数形式。*Many books and a pen are on the desk.许多书和一支钢笔在桌子上。*The pianist and composer has come to this small town.这位钢琴家兼作曲家已经来到这个小镇。7.如果主语后面跟有with,together with,along with,as well as,but,except,besides,including,like,rather than,no less than,in additi
11、on to等引导的短语时,谓语动词的形式只与主语有关,而与其后的短语无关。*The teacher with three students was in the classroom then.那时老师带着三个学生在教室里。*Newspapers,as well as the Internet,play an important role in daily communication.报纸,还有互联网,在日常交流中起到了重要的作用。*None but Jim and Mike knows my secret.只有吉姆和迈克知道我的秘密。*Seven people,including a poli
12、ceman,were killed.包括一名警察在内的七人死亡。8.由or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also.等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,以及以there开头的句子,而主语不止一个时,谓语动词和与它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。*Not only his family but also he likes Chaplins movies.不但他的家人而且连他也喜欢卓别林的电影。*Are either you or your brother going to the party?要么是你要么是你的弟弟将要去参加这个聚会吗?*There are
13、some envelopes and paper for you.有一些信封和纸张给你。9.population表示“人口”,即一个国家或地区的居民数目,它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时,population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民,它作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。*The population of Canada is about 36 million.加拿大的人口数大约是3600万。*Eighty percent of the population in that country are farmers.那个国家80%的人口是农民。10.由some,plen
14、ty,a lot,lots,most,the rest,all,half,part或分数、百分数+of+名词等短语作主语时,谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。如果of后面所接名词为复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式;如果of后面所接名词为单数或不可数名词,谓语动词就用单数形式。*About one third of the books are well worth reading.大约三分之一的书非常值得阅读。*Over 30%of the work has been finished.百分之三十以上的工作已经完成了。*(2020新高考全国卷)Often,only a small part of
15、 a museums collection is on display.往往,只有一小部分博物馆的藏品会展出。11.由a kind of,this kind of,many kinds of,名词+of this kind(type,sort,part,piece,section,pair)等构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。*This kind of animals is dangerous.*Animals of this kind are dangerous.这种动物很危险。12.“a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。“lar
16、ge amounts of+不可数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。“a good/great deal of+不可数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。*Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market.大量资金正被投放到当地的市场上。【即学活用】1.(2019全国卷)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six _(be)stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough d
17、ata.2.Not only Jasper but also his friends _(be)planning to go,because they have never been there before.3.Two-fifths of the land in that district _(be)covered with trees now,about 80%of which were planted in the 1990s.4.A group of dogs _(know)as“Therapy Dogs”.areareisare known5.Playing computer gam
18、es too much _(be)bad for students health.6.Everyone in my class always _(like)the movies by Jay Chou.7.Nowadays,each of the students _(have)a new dictionary in the countryside.8.One of my friends _(have)moved to America.I miss her so much.9.A pair of glasses _(give)to him as a gift by his friend.10.
19、Neither the students nor the teacher _(know)the solution to the maths problem.islikeshashasis givenknows课时检测素养达标.单句语法填空1.The first new college class since the election of Donald J.Trump _(arrive)on campus.2.Part of the profit from sales _(be)available for the Everest PeakeersAssociation which has he
20、lped collect rubbish off the mountain.3.A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness _(help)to create an atmosphere of good will and calm.4.The government _(believe)that people who dont have the Internet can get left behind their friends who do.has arrivedishelpsbelieves5.The
21、 population of Jiangsu _(have)grown to more than twice what it was in 1949.The figure is now approaching 74 million.6.(2019天津高考)Amy,as well as her brothers,_(give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.7.(2019浙江高考)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform,nobody _(have)to worr
22、y about fashion(时尚).8.(2019江苏高考)The musician along with his band members _(give)ten performances in the last three months.haswas givenhas/will havehas given9.(2018全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever,the review says it _(be)more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or
23、 swimming.10.Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,_(be)regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.isis.完成句子1.E-mail,as well as telephones,_daily communication.电子邮件,还有电话在日常交流中起着重要的作用。2._at rock concerts _hearing loss in some teenagers.在摇滚音乐会听喧闹的音乐已经造成了一些青少年的听觉损耗。3._to be fire
24、d.And not only you but also I am to be fired this time.不是他而是你要被解雇。这次不仅你而且我也要被解雇。plays/is playing an important part inListening to loud musichas causedNot he but you are4.Neither you nor _anything about it.你和其他任何人都不知道这件事。5._to hand out the prizes to those gifted students in the meeting hall.要么我的老师要么我
25、们的校长要在会议厅给那些有天赋的学生发奖品。6._us something about volunteer workers now.一位英语老师兼班主任正给我们讲一些关于志愿者的事情。anybody else knowsEither my teacher or our headmaster isA teacher of English and class teacher is telling 下面是一篇介绍信息时代电子产品和人工智能对家庭和社会生活影响的短文。请根据汉语提示将短文补充完整。We are now living in an information age,in which TV,c
26、ellphones and the Internet _(被广泛使用)._(看起来似乎)many people cannot enjoy themselves without them.However,being addicted to electronics and the Internet _(正在毁掉我们的生活).We have less contact with family and friends.are widely usedIt seems thatis ruining ourlivesIn later life,_(不仅是电子产品,还有人工智能)is going to be l
27、imited,allowing people to return to their family life and social life.not only electronic products but also artificial intelligence课时素养评价十一 Unit 4Using language【语用训练】.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.Summer in these cities _(be)hot and rainy,so take summer wear plus an umbrella with you.2.(2020全国卷)This is why decora
28、ting with plants,fruits and flowers _(carry)special significance.3.The team _(hope)to make it to market in the near future.4.Such poets as Shakespeare are widely read,of whose works,however,some _(be)difficult to understand.iscarrieshopesare5.It is reported that many a new house _(build)at present i
29、n the disaster area.is being built6.Summer Company _(provide)students with hands-on business training and awards.7.Either you or one of your students _(be)to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.8.Dr Smith,together with his wife and daughters,_(be)going to visit Beijing this summer.9.(2020天津高考)Th
30、e number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and _(remain)around that level ever since.10.Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of water _(pollute).providesisishas remainedhave been polluted.根据汉语提示填空1.With more forests being destroyed,huge quantities of good earth _(
31、正在被冲走)each year.2.This amusement park with all the exciting rides and other fun activities _(也是户外音乐会的家园)every summer.3.It is estimated that living expenses for international students in the university _(大约是)$9,000 a year,which _(是沉重的负担)for some of them.4.The basketball coach,as well as his team,_(被采
32、访)shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.are being washed awayis also home to outdoor concertsare aroundis a heavy burdenwas interviewed5.The father along with his children _(喜欢猜字谜).6.Please bear in mind that nobody but doctors or nurses _(被允许进入)the patients room.7.Since then the
33、number of people taking driving lessons _(已经增长了)20%.8.Delete the short message at once!Many a man _(已经被欺骗)by such tricks up to now.9.An exhibition of paintings _(将要举行)at the museum next week.10.Generally,good educational background with moral values _(决定你将来的成功).likes solving word puzzlesis allowed t
34、o enterhas increased byhas been cheatedis to be helddetermines your future success【主题阅读】.阅读理解(2020北京高二检测)Get a taste of the amazing world of engineering Do you want to help shape the future of everything from entertainment and transport to sport and the environment?Then you might want to think about
35、 the fascinating world of engineering.Tomorrows Engineers Week is running 48 February 2020,and is the perfect time to get an idea of what engineering is all about.Engineers are the people who use scientific knowledge,ranging from long-established scientific laws to cutting-edge discoveries,to solve
36、problems andimprove life for all of us.Tomorrows Engineers Week aims to get young people interested in this exciting career.It also wants to change the way we think about engineers.One place to find out more about engineers is the website thisisengineering.org.uk,where you can meet 16 young engineer
37、s with amazing and different jobs.Theres Halvard,who builds farm robots;and Olivia,who uses her chemical engineering skills to create soaps and shampoos kind to the skin and the environment.Alice digs train tunnels deep underground.Michelle builds rides.As a child,she loved these thrilling rides.At
38、the age of 14,she attended a lecture on roller coaster design,and then she realized that engineering was agreat way to turn her passion into her career.If you want to meet some inspirational engineers,ask if your school has signed up to take part in the Big Assembly(大型集会)on 6 February.Dont worry if
39、not,though,you can check it out yourself afterwards on the tomorrowsengineers.org.uk website.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Tomorrows Engineers Week这一活动,并鼓励学生积极参加。1.The goal of Tomorrows Engineers Week is to_.A.introduce young engineersB.announce the latest discoveriesC.show the future work of engineersD.attr
40、act the youth s interest in engineering【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知,“明日工程师周”活动的目的在于吸引年轻人对这个职业的兴趣。故选D。2.Which of the engineers fancies building roller coasters?A.Halvard.B.Olivia.C.Alice.D.Michelle.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第三段末尾内容可知,米歇尔设计飞车项目。当她还是个孩子的时候,她就喜欢这些刺激的游乐设施。14岁时,她参加了一场关于过山车设计的讲座,然后她意识到,工程学是一个能把她的热情转化为事
41、业的好方法。米歇尔设计了过山车。故选D。3.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain what engineering is all about.B.To advertise Tomorrows Engineers Week.C.To encourage schools to sign up for an assembly.D.To introduce the website thisisengineering.org.uk.【解析】选B。写作意图题。根据文章末尾内容“If you want to meet some inspir
42、ational engineers,ask if your school has signed up to take part in the Big Assembly on 6 February.Dont worry if not,though,you can check it out yourself afterwards on the tomorrowsengineers.org.uk website.”,由此判断出,本文的目的是鼓励参加这个活动。故选B。.完形填空You cant imagine how crazy I was about football when I was youn
43、g.For years my life followed a(n)1:I slipped out of the house,played football until dark and instantly I was infected with malaria.Football was so appealing that I was willing to 2anything injuries,punishment,and even sickness to play it.Soon enough,my mother would rush me to the Sijuwade Hospital.T
44、here,the doctor said I needed to be3.My dad often spent the night with me in the hospital while my mother4my sister at home.Then came the happiest 5when my father told me wonderful stories.My father was a(n)6storyteller.In the hospital,he would tell me a story or two,or,sometimes,if he was not too t
45、ired,many in response to my request.He 7bicycle sounds and the howl of the wind so vividly that the pictures would never 8from my mind.So happy were these moments that I sometimes wished to9my hospital stay.Because of my moms strict supervision,it became10difficult to steal out.No longer sick,no mor
46、e stories.11,I broke into my fathers room one evening.“Dad,you tell me stories only when Im sick.”My father laughed,“You are already eight and can read by yourself!”He12me a book and said,“Go and read that.Itll tell you stories.”I remember that night clearly.I opened the book and read what turned ou
47、t to be the most13story that I had ever read.What I discovered that night14my life.I became thirsty for books and became a voracious(求知欲强的)15.I read in the mornings,at nights and in between.Through reading,I felt as though I were on the magical journey to the endless.【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了爱踢足球的作者因为得了疟疾
48、而住进医院,却因此有了父亲的陪伴,父亲给作者讲了很多生动的故事。出院后,作者对此念念不忘,恳求父亲再给自己讲故事。父亲给了作者一本书,让他自己去读故事。从此,作者就深深喜欢上了阅读,人生也因此改变。1.A.patternB.customC.methodD.aim【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:多年来我的生活都遵循着一种模式。pattern模式;custom习惯,风俗;method方法;aim目标。冒号后的句子讲述的是作者的固定生活模式,与动词follow搭配,follow a pattern表示“遵循一种模式”。故选A项。2.A.avoidB.risk C.welcomeD.expect
49、【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:足球是如此令人着迷,以至于我愿意为了踢球承担任何风险受伤、惩罚甚至生病。avoid避免,躲避;risk冒险;welcome欢迎;expect期待。从这里列举的三项内容来看,都指的是踢足球过程可能出现的风险,这里用risk表示“冒风险”。故选B项。3.A.receivedB.adoptedC.admittedD.accepted【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:在那里,医生说我需要住院。received收到;adopted采用,收养;admitted承认,准许进入;accepted接受。根据下文可知作者是住院了,这里要用be admitted(to ho
50、spital)表示“被(医院)收治”。故选C项。4.A.added toB.led toC.appealed toD.at tended to【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意:我爸爸经常在医院陪着我度过夜晚,而我妈妈在家照顾我妹妹。added to添加到;led to导致;appealed to呼吁;at tended to照顾。at tend to有“照顾,照管”的意思,根据my sister at home可知作者的妈妈在家照顾作者的妹妹。故选D项。5.A.momentsB.yearsC.conditionsD.cases【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:然后,最快乐的时刻来了,我
51、父亲给我讲了精彩的故事。moments片刻,瞬间;years年;conditions条件,情况;cases情况,案例。与后文中的moments对应,所指的就是作者住院时,父亲给他讲故事的那些时光。故选A项。6.A.impoliteB.determinedC.giftedD.terrible【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我父亲是个讲故事的天才。impolite不礼貌的;determined下定决心的;gifted有天赋的;terrible糟糕的。从后文vividly一词和作者的评价来看,父亲讲故事讲得很好,这里选项中只有C项能传达这层意思。故选C项。7.A.imitatedB.reco
52、rdedC.developedD.selected【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:他模仿自行车的声音和风呼啸的声音都如此生动,以至于那些画面在我脑海中挥之不去。imitated模仿;recorded记录;developed发展;selected选择。联系讲故事的过程,这里应该指作者的父亲为了使故事显得真实,而模仿发出一些声音。故选A项。8.A.give away B.break awayC.fade awayD.die away【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意:他模仿自行车的声音和风呼啸的声音都如此生动,以至于那些画面在我脑海中挥之不去。give away赠送,泄露;break aw
53、ay逃跑,脱离;fade away逐渐消失;die away渐弱,渐息。这里搭配介词from,要用never break away表达“(从脑海中)无法摆脱、挥之不去”。故选B项。9.A.wideB.extendC.expandD.strengthen【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:这些时光如此欢乐,以至于我有时盼着在医院多待些日子。widen拓宽;extend延伸,扩展;expand扩大,扩张;strengthen强化,加强。句意上不难知道,此处要表达“延长住院时间”的含义,extend可以表示时间、空间的延长,也可以引申为某种范围的扩展,这里extend ones stay就表示“延
54、长某人逗留的时间”,符合文意。故选B项。10.A.extremelyB.hardlyC.directlyD.random【解析】选A。考查副词词义辨析。句意:因为母亲的严格监督,想偷偷溜出去变得极其困难。extremely极其;hardly几乎不;directly直接地;randomly随便地。既然有母亲的严格监督,小动作当然是很难完成的了。故选A项。11.A.SatisfiedB.ShockedC.FrustratedD.Excited【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:不满足的我,有一天晚上进入了我父亲的房间。satisfied满足的;shocked震惊的;frustrated沮丧的,
55、不满足的;excited兴奋的。作者出院了也没有故事可听了,心里一定是感到不满足的,也因此才会去找父亲。故选C项。12.A.postedB.taughtC.owedD.handed【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:他给我一本书并说道:“去读它吧。它会给你讲故事。”posted张贴,公布;taught教学;owed欠(钱);handed传递,交给。作者父亲的意思是让作者自己去看书,所以这里是给了他一本书。故选D项。13.A.fascinatingB.reasonableC.energeticD.disappointing【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我打开书本,结果发现这是我读过的
56、最吸引人的故事。fascinating迷人的;reasonable合理的;energetic能量充沛的;disappointing令人失望的。作者对那个晚上记忆犹新,显然是在书中读到了特别有趣、特别吸引人的故事。故选A项。14.A.transportedB.transformedC.substitutedD.accelerated【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:我在那一夜发现的东西改变了我的整个人生。transported运输;transformed变形,变换;substituted代替;accelerated加速。从后句的两个became可以推断,这里要表达阅读让作者发生了改变,这里用
57、transformed my life表示“改变我的人生”。故选B项。15.A.performerB.interpreterC.learnerD.reader【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意:我变得对书本很渴望,成为了一个求知欲很强的读者。performer表演者;interpreter口译;learner学习者;reader读者。作者不分白天黑夜地阅读,就是在享受作为一个读者的乐趣。故选D项。.语法填空(2020孝感高二检测)One of the bigger misunderstandings about Chinas tech market is that China is all
58、about copying and stealing ideas.But if that was ever the case,it 1._(certain)isnt now.Chinese entrepreneurs(企业家)2._(prove)that they can innovate(创新).In fact,theyve become so good at 3._ that the West is now copying their ideas.Here are a few examples.Facebook borrowed some ideas 4._WeChats messagin
59、g app when 5._U.S.social media giant introduced group chats and private messaging.In bike-sharing,a similar transfer occurred.LmeBike copied Chinas two major bike-sharing 6._(company),Ofo and Mobike.China gained an advantage by being able to leapfrog(跳过,避开)some older,7._(west)technologies and go str
60、aight to new tech such as QR codes,to electric vehicles,to high-speed trains,to mobile payments,and super apps that combine all these functions.We are entering a new stage 8._separate universes are being created.This 9._(cause)by Chinas fast rise,and a 10._(grow)gap between China and the U.S.on tech
61、nology innovations that matter for the future.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了以前对中国科技市场最大的误解之一是,中国完全是在抄袭和窃取创意,而现在中国的企业在自主创新,西方国家如今反过来借鉴中国的自主创新的创意。1.【解析】certainly。考查副词。修饰整个句子用副词。故填certainly。2.【解析】have proven/proved。考查动词时态。根据句意“中国企业家已经证明了他们能够创新。”可知,本句用现在完成时,也可以理解为一般过去时,句子主语是entrepreneurs,复数形式,故填have proven/proved。
62、3.【解析】it。考查代词。由上下文得知,中国企业家已经如此擅长创新,以至于西方国家现在反过来借鉴中国企业家的创意。本空代指前文提到的中国企业家能够创新这件事。故填it。4.【解析】from。考查介词。borrow.from.为固定搭配,意思是“从借入”。故填from。5.【解析】the。考查冠词。本空所指的社交媒体巨头即为Facebook公司,为特指,故填定冠词the。6.【解析】companies。考查名词复数。company表”公司”,为可数名词,被数词two修饰应用复数形式。故填companies。7.【解析】western。考查形容词。本空与前文的形容词比较级older并列,共同修饰
63、technologies。故填western。8.【解析】where。考查定语从句。本空引导定语从句,先行词为stage,在定语从句中作地点状语,所以关系副词为where,故填where。9.【解析】is caused。考查动词语态。句意:这是由于中国的快速崛起,以及中美两国在对未来至关重要的技术创新方面日益扩大的差距。由上下文及空格后的by可以推知This 和cause之间是一种被动关系,This指目前的情况,所以句子用一般现在时态的被动语态。故填is caused。10.【解析】growing。考查非谓语动词。句意:这是由于中国的快速崛起,以及中美两国在对未来至关重要的技术创新方面日益扩大的差距。根据文意,创新的差距正在扩大,此处是现在分词作定语,表示”不断扩大的”。故填growing。
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