1、Unit 3War and peace Using language语法精讲素养提升主谓一致(Subject-verb agreement)【语用功能】在英语中,句子的谓语动词要与主语在人称和数上保持一致,即主谓一致。【情境探究】观察上面对话,并完成句子:(1)The class _in the garden.那个班的同学正在花园里植树。(2)Our football team _fight against the one from another town.我们的足球队将与来自另一个镇的足球队比赛。(3)People all over the world _.全世界的人都热爱和平。are p
2、lanting treesis going tolove peace【要义详析】一、集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词则用单数形式;若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词则用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等。*The crowd are gone.群众都散了。*His family are watching TV.他的家人正在看电视。【即学活用】语法填空。The class _(be)preparing for the coming final exam.The fi
3、rm _(be)growing rapidly.The local government _(have)been promoting the tourism in this area.areishas二、有些名词如police,cattle,people,clothes,trousers等没有单数形式,作主语时,谓语只用复数;而有的名词则单、复数形式相同,如sheep,aircraft,means等,作主语时,要根据意思来确定其谓语的单、复数形式。*Shortly after the accident,the police were sent to keep order.事故发生不久,警察就被
4、派去维持秩序。*One day this white sheep was lost.有一天,这只白绵羊丢了。【即学活用】语法填空。The cattle _(be)eating grass on the hill.Every aircraft caught in the storm _(have)landed safely.The police _(be)searching the forest for the missing boy.arehaswere三、当maths(mathematics),politics,physics等学科名词作主语时,谓语用单数;但前有物主代词修饰,指某人的某方面
5、知识时,谓语用复数。用作书名、剧名、报刊名、国名、地区名称的复数名词作主语时,谓语用单数。*Politics is a complicated subject.政治是一门复杂的学科。*The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book.天方夜谭是一本很有趣的书。【即学活用】语法填空。The United States _(be)a developed country.Physics _(be)a difficult subject for most students.His politics_(be)very radical.isis are四、“the
6、+形容词”作主语时,如果表示的是一类人,那么谓语动词用复数形式;如果指的是单个人或抽象概念,谓语动词则用单数形式。*The blind are taught skills in special schools.盲人在特殊学校中学习技能。*The sick is one of the students in our class.那位病人是我们班的一个学生。【即学活用】语法填空。The injured _(be)rushed to hospital the moment the accident happened.The old _(be)taken good care of in the car
7、e center.The injured _(be)one of the employees in this company.werearewas五、表示时间、距离、价格等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。*Ten years isnt a long time.10年并不长。*Five thousand kilometres is a long distance.5 000千米是一段很长的距离。【即学活用】语法填空。Where _(be)that five dollars I lent you?Three months _(have)passed since he w
8、as out of work.ishas课时检测素养达标.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Statistics_(be)his most difficult subject and they are all worried that he wont pass the test.2.The Olympic Games_(be)held every four years.3.The New York Times _(be)first published in the early 1860s.4.Many people say 1,000 dollars _(be)a lot of money.5.Th
9、e public _(be)the best judge because the public always _(express)their thoughts correctly.is are wasisisexpress6.The rich _(be)not always happy.7.Few of his family really _(understand)him.8.Ten weeks _(have)passed since the new term began.9.All means _(have)been tried to solve the problem.10.The sta
10、ff of the company _(be)being trained to work more effectively.areunderstandhashaveare.完成句子1.You probably have been using caffeine since childhood.Caffeine _(在你喝的第一杯可乐中).2.The audience _(欣赏音乐会)attentively.3._(十年已经过去了)since they graduated from college.4.The people on the scene _(关心)the fire victims.5.
11、Nowadays,a large amount of money _(被用于建设各种娱乐场地)by our government.was in yourfirst Cokewere enjoying the concertTen years has been gonewere concerned aboutwas devoted to building all kinds ofplaces of entertainment6.The government _(对危机反应很慢).7.There _(许多绵羊)dotting the grass under the sky.8.The burnt
12、that couldnt flee in the fire _(满怀恐惧).9.For the sick being treated alone in hospital,several miles away from home _(是很长的一段距离).10.To our surprise,physics _(是她最喜欢的科目).was slow to react to the crisisare many sheepwere full of horroris a long distanceis her favourite subject【语法主题应用】用本单元所学语法知识及下列提示翻译语段。许
13、多人都喜欢去张家界旅游。张家界占地面积9653平方千米,是一个以其独特的自然景观和丰富的旅游资源而闻名的城市。自从二十世纪八十年代被发现之后,旅游业就成为张家界的主导产业,当地政府也致力于促进与旅游相关的其他产业的发展。同时,生态旅游在张家界也飞速发展。_ Most people like to visit Zhangjiajie,which is known as a tourist city forits unique natural scenery and abundant tourism resources and covers a totalarea of 9,653 square
14、kilometers._ Since it was discovered in the 1980s,the tourism industry has become theleading industry in Zhangjiajie,and the local government has promoted thedevelopment of other industries related to tourism.At the same time,ecotourism also has developed rapidly in Zhangjiajie.课时素养评价八 Unit 3Using l
15、anguage【语用训练】单句语法填空1.The police _(have)not made any arrest.2.The rich _(be)to help the homeless.3.The Chinese _(be)hard-working.4.Politics _(be)my favourite subject.5.The class _(consist)of forty students in total.6.Not every means _(be)useful.7.The English _(be)proud of their sense of humour.8.The
16、study group _(be)doing experiments.haveareareisconsistsisareare9.People who have done related researches _(believe)that the full moon affects human behaviors to some degree.10.The government _(have)passed a law to ban smoking in public.believehas【主题阅读】.阅读理解When Hitler gained control of Germany,he be
17、gan to use his power to influence society in the worst of ways.He found a scapegoat for all of problems that Germany and the rest of Europe were having after World War I and amongst a few other minorities,targeted the Jewish people.By doing so,he began to lock them up in concentration camps where th
18、ey were kept to work for a while and then viciously murdered by gas showers,cremation,shot and all sorts of other terrible ways.In fact,by 1942 over 4 million European Jews had been placed in concentration camps and 3.5 million of those had beenmurdered.By the end of the war in 1945,6 million Jews h
19、ad been killed and most of the ones left had lost their family members during this devastating war.However the ones that survived were seen as the innovative and brilliant people in the eyes of Jews and the rest of the world.To escape terrible death and torture,these people must have been valuable a
20、nd brilliant thinkers to get themselves out of that kind of situation.More specifically,Elie Wiesel,author of Night,was willing to share his story with the rest of the world,proving to be one of the most creative thinkers of this time.He believed that we can only try and prevent history from repeati
21、ng itself if we learn all the facts from previoustimes and with the help of his novel,Wiesel was seen as a figure of hope in the Jewish community as well as the rest of the world.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了希特勒在第二次世界大战期间对犹太人所采取的暴行。1.What does the underlined word“scapegoat”refer to?A.The Jewish people.B.The Germans
22、.C.The Europeans.D.The Americans.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据下文targeted the Jewish people可知,“scapegoat”指的是犹太人。2.How many European Jews had been placed in concentration camps by 1942?A.About 3.5 million.B.Over 6 million.C.More than 4 million.D.Over 7.5 million.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据 by 1942 over 4 million European Jews
23、had been placed in concentration camps 可知。3.Where can we most probably read this article?A.A guidebook.B.An advertisement.C.A novel.D.A magazine.【解析】选D。推理判断题。本文主要介绍了希特勒在第二次世界大战期间对犹太人所采取的暴行,故最有可能在杂志上读到这篇文章。.完形填空(2020青岛高二检测)My teacher Mr Bush is the most positive person Ive ever met.He has the ability
24、 to 1positiveness to young students.He always smiles and never gets2at students.Once I met some 3because I felt overshadowed by my brother,who seemed to be doing great in every way.Hopelessness 4me whenever I was in a classroom.But that all5when I met my teacher for life,Mr Bush.Having found out abo
25、ut my problems,he just kept 6me.Because of Mr Bush,my world was filled with 7and power.A few weeks ago,everyone in my class was feeling a bit8because of a bad day at school.But things got 9after a close of Mr Bushs class.He drew a picture on the whiteboard that 10a half-full glass of water.He then s
26、aid,“Class,the point of view in which you look at things will 11your feelings.Like this glass of water;some people see it and think What!Only half a glass of water.How 12I am.Whereas other people think Wow,Im so thirsty.Great!Half a glass of water for me!It all is in the 13you think.”Mr Bushs14way o
27、f thinking always makes me feel glad and 15.I will always remember him.【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的老师Mr Bush是一个极其乐观的人,他乐观的思维方式总是让作者感到高兴和充满希望。1.A.pass on B.apply for C.consist of D.give up【解析】选A。根据下文可知,Mr Bush总是会让沮丧的学生高兴起来,故他有能力把积极的一面传给年轻学生。pass on传递;apply for 申请;consist of组成;give up放弃。2.A.strict B.patie
28、nt C.mad D.curious【解析】选C。根据上文“He always smiles and never gets.”可知,Mr Bush总是微笑,从不会生学生的气。strict严格的;patient耐心的;mad 生气的;curious好奇的。3.A.friends B.needs C.realities D.difficulties【解析】选D。根据下文“because I felt overshadowed by my brother,who seemed to be doing great in every way.”可知,作者是遇到了一些困难。4.A.drowned B.re
29、sisted C.cured D.relaxed【解析】选A。句意:每当我在教室里,绝望就淹没了我。根据上文可知,作者一直活在兄弟的阴影之下,故应是绝望淹没了作者。5.A.happened B.changed C.solved D.included【解析】选B。句意:但当我见到我的老师Mr Bush,一切都变了。happened发生;changed改变;solved解决;included包括。6.A.forgiving B.calming C.encouraging D.calling【解析】选C。根据下文“Because of Mr Bush,my world was filled with
30、 _and power.”可知,是由于Mr Bush的鼓励,作者的世界充满了阳光和力量。7.A.sunshine B.fear C.surprise D.disappointment【解析】选A。句意:因为Mr Bush,我的世界充满了阳光和力量。根据下文“power”可推测选A。8.A.cheerful B.down C.eager D.afraid【解析】选B。根据下文“because of a bad day at school”可知,每个人都因为今天在学校的糟糕表现而感到沮丧。故选B。9.A.warmer B.higher C.better D.happier【解析】选C。根据下文Mr
31、 Bush画了一张半杯水的图,告诉同学们思考问题的方式不一样,看问题的角度就不一样,同学们又都高兴起来可知,Mr Bush的课结束后,情况又好转了。10.A.served B.filled C.bought D.showed【解析】选D。他在白板上画了一幅画,画上展示的是半杯水。11.A.hurt B.care about C.give away D.affect【解析】选D。句意:他接着说,“同学们,你们看事情的角度会影响你们的感受。”根据下文“It all is in the_you think”一切取决于你们怎么想,可推测选D。12.A.pleased B.unfortunate C.b
32、right D.perfect【解析】选B。根据下文的“Whereas other people think Wow,Im so thirsty.Great!Half a glass of water for me!”可知,此处表示一个对比,有的人认为只有半杯水是不幸的。13.A.way B.direction C.endD.past【解析】选A。Mr Bush给同学们画了一幅半杯水的图,告诉他们有的人对此持积极的态度,有的人对此持消极的态度。故应是想告诉同学们:你们看事情的角度会影响你们的感受,一切都取决于你们怎么想。14.A.different B.optimistic C.special
33、 D.important【解析】选B。根据文章第一句“My teacher Mr Bush is the most positive person Ive ever met.”可知,Mr Bush是一个乐观的人,故他乐观的思维方式总是让我感到高兴和充满希望。15.A.proud B.careful C.lonely D.hopeful【解析】选D。句意:Mr Bush乐观的思维方式总是让我感到高兴和充满希望。分析上下文可知,Mr Bush总是用积极的思维方式影响着作者,故应是让作者感到高兴和充满希望。语法填空(2020乐山高二检测)Students at a primary school in
34、 Hangzhou had their first class 1._March 1st on movable type.This is 2._ancient Chinese printing system.The West Lake Primary School in Zhejiang Province has introduced the course in the new term.An expert in Chinese characters culture has been invited to the campus,3._major responsibility is to tea
35、ch students how 4._(use)the ancient printing technology.Students attend lectures on the history of movable type along with 5._(interest)classes on typesetting and printing.They then print their own document,6._(apply)the knowledge theyve learned.One student printed her 7._(new)written essay Whether
36、the traditional red envelopes kidsreceive belong to them or their parents?8._(know)as one of the four great inventions of ancient China,movable type printing 9._(invent)by Bi Sheng in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty,and it is the worlds first system of movable type printing.The school said the cou
37、rse was aimed at improving the students awareness of Chinese characters and their 10._(appreciate)of Chinese culture.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。为了增加学生对汉字的认识和对中国文化的欣赏,浙江省的一所小学开设了一门有关中国活字印刷文化的课程,并邀请了一位专家来教学生如何使用古老的活字印刷技术。学生在课上也将所学用于实践印刷了属于自己的文件。1.【解析】on。考查介词。表示具体某一天要用介词on。2.【解析】an。考查冠词。system为可数名词,在文中为单数形式,所以要填一个
38、不定冠词修饰system。ancient的读音为元音音素开头,故填an。3.【解析】whose。考查定语从句。whose引导定语从句,修饰先行词An expert in Chinese characters culture,并在从句中作定语。4.【解析】to use。考查不定式。how to use为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构,作teach的宾语。【方法技巧】疑问词what,which,who,when,where,how及连接副词whether与不定式连用形成一个短语,可在句中作句子的主语、宾语或表语等。但是要注意按英语习惯,why通常不用于“疑问词+不定式”结构。5.【解析】interes
39、ting。考查形容词。修饰名词classes要用形容词,表示“有趣的”。6.【解析】applying。考查现在分词。print为句子的谓语动词,所以apply用非谓语形式,又因为apply与其逻辑主语they之间是逻辑上的主动关系,要用其现在分词形式。7.【解析】newly。考查副词。修饰形容词written,用所给词的副词形式。8.【解析】Known。考查过去分词。invent为谓语动词,所以know用非谓语形式,know与其逻辑主语movable type printing之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。9.【解析】was invented。考查语态和时态。invent是句子的谓语,和主语movable type printing是被动关系,根据时间状语in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty可知,动作发生在过去,所以要用一般过去时。movable type printing为单数,谓语动词也要用单数。10.【解析】appreciation。考查名词。their为形容词性物主代词,后加名词。
