1、“四省八校”2021届高三英语上学期第一次开学考试试题（含解析）注意事项：1. 本试卷由四个部分组成。其中第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。共150分，共4页。2. 全部答案在答题卡上相应区域内完成，在本试卷上作答无效。选择题请使用2B铅笔填涂，非选择题请使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答。要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。3. 请在答题卡规定的地方填写好个人信息，并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码是否与本人的信息一致。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题
2、1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What did the man think of the reception last night?A. Boring. B. Tiring. C. Interesting2. How did the woman come to meet the man?A. By car and by subway. B. By subway and on foot. C. By bus
3、and on foot.3. When did the mans aunt come?A. On the 13th. B. On the 15th. C. On the 17th.4. Why is the man here?A. To collect the papers. B. To meet a customer. C. To sign the contracts.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. When to water the plant. B. What plant to grow C. Which flowers to remo
4、ve.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. When is the woman available for vacation?A. In August. B. In September. C. In October.7. What is the probable relationship between the
5、speakers?A. Couple. B. Colleagues. C. Strangers.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8 What will the man probably do next?A. Have some food. B. Show his ID. C. Look for his boarding pass.9. What is the woman probably?A. A waitress. B. A stewardess. C. An airport staff.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. Who does the man think is the mo
6、st qualified?A. Amy. B. Cameron. C. Hector.11. What is the woman unsatisfied with Karine?A. Her language ability. B. Her little enthusiasm. C. Her lack of confidence.12. Who expects the highest salary?A. Karine. B. Hector. C. Cameron.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. What is not a requirement for the FBT Award a
7、pplication?A. Nationality. B.Grade. C.Age.14. What does the man need to do before June?A. Finish the exams. B. Provide the reference C. Submit the application.15. How many people can win the Bisiker Award every year?A. Two. B. Three. C. Five.16. What does the woman stress at last? A. The application
8、 should he neat.B. The summary should be long.C. The personal details should be real请听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. What can visitors do first near the main gate?A. See the bands. B. Attend the book fair. C. Watch the football match.18. Who is the third gate for?A. Book sellers. B. Folk singers. C. Craft exh
9、ibitors.19. What is on the left of the I-building?A. The information center. B. The restaurant. C. The exhibition center.20. What can listeners do with the yellow ticket?A. Park for free. B. Store the items. C. Collect the equipment.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）选
10、出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选项涂黑。ANational Space Center, LeicesterAn interactive museum of super-size space experiences: from a giant planet Earth you can touch to the UKs biggest domed planetarium (穹顶天文台) and a 42-meter rocket tower. You cant miss the latter as you drive into Leicesterthe structure looks like its
11、 wrapped in giant inflatable pillows. Inside, it houses Blue Streak and Thor Able rockets. Take in the full scale of them by riding a glass-sided lift up to the viewing platform. Elsewhere, there are six galleries with plenty of buttons to press and screens to touch. Its all under cover so its a goo
12、d place to visit on a rainy day!What about lunch?The Boosters Cafe serves reasonably priced hot and cold snacks and drinks (hot dog from 4.95, plus jacket potatoes, soups, sandwiches and salads)at the foot of the centers two rockets The cafe offers vegetarian and vegan options too.Getting thereThere
13、 is a regular bus service (No.54 with a stop two minutes walk from the center, as well as a park and ride service from Birstall. East Midlands Trains and Cross-Country Trains operate services to Leicester station, from which the center is a 25-minute bus ride. If driving, its just off the A6, north
14、of the city center. Parking is 3 for the day.Value for moneyIts not cheap- adult: 15, 5 to 16-year-olds: 12, but once youve paid you can revisit as many times as you want in a year, and admission is free for kids under five.Opening hours10 am4 pm Monday to Friday, 10 am5 pm weekends and school holid
15、ays.1. Which of the following CANNOT be found when you visit the National Space Center?A. A big inflatable pillow.B. A domed planetarium.C. The Boosters Cafe.D. A high rocket tower.2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?A. Visitors can arrive at the entrance to the cen
16、ter by only taking the No.54 bus.B. It takes visitors 25 minutes to get to the center from Leicester station by riding a bike.C. Snacks and drinks are served at reasonable prices.D. Although the parking fee is reasonable, there are limited parking lots.3. If a couple want to take their daughter a pr
17、imary school student, and 15-year-old son to the space center, how much will they spend on the tickets?A. 45.B. 57.C. 42.D. 54【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章对于参观莱斯特国家航天中心的游览项目、午餐、到达方式、门票价格以及开放时间进行了介绍。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段You cant miss the latter as you drive into Leicesterthe structure looks like its w
18、rapped in giant inflatable pillows.（当你开车进入莱斯特时，你绝对不会错过后者这座建筑看起来像是被巨大的充气枕头包裹着）可知这里是在描述建筑物的外观像是被巨大的充气枕头包裹着，而不是在国家航天中心可以看到一个巨大的充气枕头。所以当你参观国家航天中心时，“一个大的充气枕头”是找不到的。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据What about lunch?部分The Boosters Cafe serves reasonably priced hot and cold snacks and drinks（Boosters咖啡馆提供价格合理的冷热小吃和饮料）可知C选
19、项“小吃和饮料价格合理”表述正确。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Value for money部分Its not cheap- adult: 15, 5 to 16-year-olds: 12, but once youve paid you can revisit as many times as you want in a year, and admission is free for kids under five.（这并不便宜成人：15英镑，5至16岁的孩子：12英镑，但一旦你付了钱，你可以在一年内任意多次重访，5岁以下的儿童免费入场）可知如果一对夫妇想带着女儿一个小学生，和15
20、岁的儿子去太空中心，他们需要买票花费：15+15+12+12=54。故选D。BThe decision on Tuesday by Japan and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to postpone the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games until next summer because of the novel coronavirus pandemic must have been a hard one to make.Although the Games have been canceledthree time
21、s in all, in 1916, 1940 and 1944due to the two world wars in the modern Olympics history of more than 120 years, never before have any Games been postponed to a different year.Nonetheless, the decision is the right one. If it is not brought under control, the harm done to human society by the pandem
22、ic could be more serious and far-reaching than even the two world wars. Given the number of countries affected and social and economic shock waves that have been caused by the rapid spread of the virus, postponing the Games is the only right and sensible choice to make.After all, nothing is more imp
23、ortant than peoples lives. Postponing the Games not only safeguards the health of athletes, audiences and everyone involved in the Games, but also reduces potential transmission of the virus from one place to another. Even looking at it from only a sporting level, the pandemic has already caused hug
24、e disruptions to athletes training and the qualification process.It is undoubtedly a big blow for Japan, which has prepared meticulously for the largest sports event in the world, including renovating and upgrading its infrastructure and sports venues, such as rebuilding Tokyos Olympic Stadium at co
25、st of $1.45 billion. Japan will suffer huge loss at least in the short term.The international community owes a big “thank you” to Japan for all it has done for the Games despite the postponement. Thats why the Games will still be called the Olympic and Paralympic Games Tokyo 2020 despite taking plac
26、e in 2021. The Olympic flame will also remain stored and displayed in Japan.More importantly, all members in the Olympic family, guided by the Olympic spirit of respect and understanding are morally bound to stand behind Japan to go through this most difficult moment in the Games history.4. What doe
27、s the word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. The decision.B. The Games.C. The pandemic.D. The war.5. What does the underlined word “meticulously” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Wisely.B. Recently.C. Easily.D. Precisely.6. We know from the passage _.A. the Games should be put off in times of war and d
28、isasterB. the Games will still be called Tokyo 2020 Games for its sacrificeC postponing the Games will have a bad influence on the athletesD. the Olympic family will have to make up for the loss of Japan7. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The whole world will support Japan.B. Japan will
29、keep the Olympic flame burning.C. Postponing the Games will bring the world hope.D. Tokyo will become the symbol of the Games.【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。因为新型冠状病毒大流行，周二，日本和国际奥委会做出决定将2020年东京奥运会推迟到明年夏天举行。文章说明了历史其他几次奥运会取消的事件，考虑到受影响国家的数量以及病毒的迅速传播造成的社会和经济影响，推迟奥运会是唯一正确和明智的选择。日本为此次奥运会做出了巨大投入，尽管日本推迟
30、了奥运会，但国际社会应该感谢日本为奥运会所做的一切。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文the harm done to human society by the pandemic could be more serious and far-reaching than even the two world wars.可知如果这种流行病不加以控制，那么大流行病对人类社会造成的危害可能比两次世界大战还要严重和深远。由此可知，it指的是“流行病”。故选C。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文for the largest sports event in the world, including renova
31、ting and upgrading its infrastructure and sports venues, such as rebuilding Tokyos Olympic Stadium at cost of $1.45 billion可知，包括对基础设施和体育场馆进行翻新和升级，比如耗资14.5亿美元重建东京的奥林匹克体育场。由此可知，日本已经为这场世界上最大的体育赛事做了精确准备。所以划线词意思为“精确地”。A. Wisely.明智地；B. Recently.最近；C. Easily.容易地；D. Precisely.精确地。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中The
32、 international community owes a big “thank you” to Japan for all it has done for the Games despite the postponement. Thats why the Games will still be called the Olympic and Paralympic Games Tokyo 2020 despite taking place in 2021.可知尽管日本推迟了奥运会，但国际社会应该感谢日本为奥运会所做的一切。这就是为什么2020年东京奥运会和残奥会的名称仍然是东京2020年奥运
33、会和残奥会，尽管它是在2021年举办的。由此可知，由于做出了巨大的牺牲，本届奥运会仍将被称为2020年东京奥运会。故选B。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段More importantly, all members in the Olympic family, guided by the Olympic spirit of respect and understanding are morally bound to stand behind Japan to go through this most difficult moment in the Games history.可知更重要的是，
34、在以尊重和理解为中心的奥林匹克精神指引下，奥林匹克大家庭的所有成员在道义上一定会支持日本，度过奥运会历史上这一最困难的时刻。由此可知，全世界都会支持日本。故选A。CIt is food news guaranteed to put a smile on your face. Scientists have found that eating dark chocolate appears to lower the risk of depression by a quarter. While 7.6 percent of the 13,000 people surveyed reported de
35、pressive symptoms, just 1.5 percent of the chocolate eaters did.The study by University College London (UCL), the University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services Canada, also found that the people who consumed the most of any chocolate were also 57 percent less likely to report depressive symptoms
36、. Lead author Dr. Sarah Jackson said, “This study provides some evidence that consumption of chocolate, particularly dark chocolate, may be associated with reduced odds of clinically relevant depressive symptoms.”The study is the first to examine the association with depression according to the type
37、 of chocolate consumed. The team assessed data from 13,626 adults from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A range of other factors including height, weight, marital status, ethnicity, education, household income, physical activity, smoking and chronic health problems were also
38、taken into account to ensure the study only measured chocolates effect on depressive symptoms.After adjusting for these factors, it was found that individuals who reported eating any dark chocolate in two 24-hour periods had 70 percent lower odds of reporting clinically relevant depressive symptoms
39、in the previous two weeks than those who reported not eating chocolate at all.Chocolate contains a number of psychoactive ingredients which produce a feeling of euphoria similar to that of cannabinoid (大麻素), found in cannabis. It also contains phenyl ethylamine (苯乙胺), a neuromodulator (神经调节物质) which
40、 is believed to be important for regulating peoples moods. Dark chocolate also has higher concentration of flavonoids (类黄酮), antioxidant chemicals which lower inflammation and can prevent the onset (发生) of depression.However, British scientists pointed out that the decision to eat dark chocolate cou
41、ld be linked to other health factors. For example, people who choose dark chocolate may be more health conscious in general, which is known to protect against depression. Depressed people are also more likely to desire for more sugary fatty foods and so could be less likely to pick a dark alterative
42、 when choosing chocolate.8 Which of the following statements is TRUE of the study?A. minority of chocolate eaters suffer from depression.B. majority of people surveyed are depressive.C. All kinds of chocolate can help fight depression.D. Half of people with depression are surveyed.9. The study is ty
43、pical in that _.A. it pointed out the relationship between depression and chocolateB. it demonstrated the protective effects of black chocolateC. the findings were based on the type of chocolate consumedD. the researchers conducted the survey worldwide10. What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?A.
44、The advantages of chocolate.B. The reasons for the protective effects.C. The causes of depression.D. The effects of chocolate.11. Whats the British scientists attitude toward the findings?A. Cautious.B. Supportive.C. Unimportant.D. Curious.【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。说明了科学家发现，吃黑巧克力似乎可以降低四分之
45、一的抑郁风险。在1.3万名被调查者中，有7.6%的人有抑郁症状，而吃巧克力的人只有1.5%有抑郁症状。介绍了这项研究的过程，以及巧克力可以产生保护效果的原因以及英国科学家对此发现的态度。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中Scientists have found that eating dark chocolate appears to lower the risk of depression by a quarter. While 7.6 percent of the 13,000 people surveyed reported depressive symptoms, just 1.5
46、 percent of the chocolate eaters did.可知科学家发现，吃黑巧克力似乎可以降低四分之一的抑郁风险。在1.3万名被调查者中，有7.6%的人有抑郁症状，而吃巧克力的人只有1.5%有抑郁症状。由此可知，A选项“少数吃巧克力的人患有抑郁症”正确。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中The study is the first to examine the association with depression according to the type of chocolate consumed.可知这项研究是第一次根据巧克力摄入的类型来研究巧克力与抑郁症之间
47、的关系。由此可知，这项研究的典型之处在于，研究结果是基于人们摄入的巧克力的类型。故选C。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段Chocolate contains a number of psychoactive ingredients which produce a feeling of euphoria similar to that of cannabinoid (大麻素), found in cannabis. It also contains phenyl ethylamine (苯乙胺), a neuromodulator (神经调节物质) which is believed to
48、be important for regulating peoples moods. Dark chocolate also has higher concentration of flavonoids (类黄酮), antioxidant chemicals which lower inflammation and can prevent the onset (发生) of depression.可知巧克力含有许多精神活性成分，能产生一种欣快感，类似于在大麻中发现的大麻素。它还含有苯乙胺，一种神经调节剂，被认为对调节人的情绪很重要。黑巧克力还含有更高浓度的类黄酮，抗氧化化学物质，可以降低炎症
49、，防止抑郁症的发生。由此可知，第五段主要讲了巧克力有保护效果的原因。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段However, British scientists pointed out that the decision to eat dark chocolate could be linked to other health factors. For example, people who choose dark chocolate may be more health conscious in general, which is known to protect against d
50、epression. Depressed people are also more likely to desire for more sugary fatty foods and so could be less likely to pick a dark alterative when choosing chocolate.可知不过，英国科学家指出，决定吃黑巧克力可能与其他健康因素有关。例如，选择黑巧克力的人可能在一般情况下更注重健康，众所周知，黑巧克力可以防止抑郁症。抑郁症患者也更有可能渴望更多的含糖脂肪食物，因此在选择巧克力时，可能不太会选择黑巧克力的替代品。由此可推知，英国科学家对这
51、些发现持谨慎态度。故选A。DWaste sorting is a complex phenomenon that can be an important step toward a global circular economy. Maybe it even will be something we will look back on as one of the first steps toward an ecological society.But sorting of waste could also mean participating in an activity that gradu
52、ally weakens sustainable development by allowing unsustainable companies to use recycling as a way to pretend they are sustainable.When Royal Dutch Shell, British-Dutch oil and gas company, wanted to dump an oil rig in the ocean in 1995 many people in Europe had just started to separate glass bottle
53、s and newspapers. The companys plan was viewed as a sign of arrogance. The incident led to an important meeting, after which many companies started including environmental factors in their risk assessment.The situation is different today. It is no longer clear if the kind of waste sorting done in We
54、stern nations is part of the problem or the solution. There are areas where the sorting of waste is working reasonably well, for example the glass and metal industries. But at a time when we are looking at a transformative system change and global sustainability, there is a need to fundamentally ret
55、hink waste sorting.In the coming decades, the world needs to eliminate (消除) the use of fossil fuels, become more resource efficient lift billions out of poverty and ensure greater equity. In order to ensure this, we need a resource-efficient circular economy, and waste sorting can play a key role. B
56、ut that should be a very different kind of waste sorting.China could initiate the next generation of waste sorting systems. Such a waste sorting system would be a driver for innovation and extreme resource efficiency and a true step toward ecological civilization.12. Waste sorting is a complex pheno
57、menon because _.A. it is an important step toward a global circular economyB. it means economy and may be an activity that gradually weakens sustainable developmentC. it is a first step toward an ecological societyD. it is slowly moving into the center of conversation13. What did the behavior of Roy
58、al Dutch Shell company result in?A. The dumping of oil rig.B. Separating glass bottles and newspapers.C. Including environment when assessing risks.D. Starting waste sorting in European countries.14. There is a need to fundamentally rethink waste sorting because _.A. the sorting of waste is working
59、well in some areasB. a transformative system change and global sustainability should be consideredC. the western recycling system does not fit for the whole worldD. people are concerned about greater equity15. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To introduce Western recycling systems.B. To co
60、mpare two recycling systems.C. To predict the change of ecological system.D. To advocate a more sustainable waste sorting system.【答案】12. B 13. C 14. B 15. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，可持续的垃圾分类有助于人类回归生态社会。【12题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Waste sorting is a complex phenomenon that can be an important step toward a global ci
61、rcular economy.”（垃圾分类是一个复杂的现象，可能是迈向全球循环经济的重要一步。）和第二段“But sorting of waste could also mean participating in an activity that gradually weakens sustainable development by allowing unsustainable companies to use recycling as a way to pretend they are sustainable.”（但垃圾分类也可能意味着参与一项活动，这项活动通过允许不可持续的公司利用回收来
62、假装它们是可持续的，从而逐渐削弱可持续发展。），可知垃圾分类是一个复杂的现象，是因为它意味着经济并且可能是一种逐渐削弱可持续发展的活动。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。由第三段中的“The incident led to an important meeting, after which many companies started including environmental factors in their risk assessment.”（这一事件导致了一次重要的会议，之后许多公司开始将环境因素纳入其风险评估。），可知评估风险时包括环境因素。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。由
63、第四段中的“But at a time when we are looking at a transformative system change and global sustainability, there is a need to fundamentally rethink waste sorting.”（但在我们看到变革性的系统变革和全球可持续发展之际，有必要从根本上重新思考垃圾分类。），可知有必要从根本上重新思考垃圾分类，是因为应考虑变革性的制度变革和全球可持续性。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。由第一段“Waste sorting is a complex phenomeno
64、n that can be an important step toward a global circular economy. Maybe it even will be something we will look back on as one of the first steps toward an ecological society.”（垃圾分类是一个复杂的现象，可能是迈向全球循环经济的重要一步。也许它甚至会成为我们回首生态社会的第一步。），第三段中的“The incident led to an important meeting, after which many compan
65、ies started including environmental factors in their risk assessment.”（这一事件导致了一次重要的会议，之后许多公司开始将环境因素纳入其风险评估。），第四段中的“But at a time when we are looking at a transformative system change and global sustainability, there is a need to fundamentally rethink waste sorting.”（但在我们看到变革性的系统变革和全球可持续发展之际，有必要从根本上重
66、新思考垃圾分类。），第五段中的“In order to ensure this, we need a resource-efficient circular economy, and waste sorting can play a key role. But that should be a very different kind of waste sorting.”（为了确保这一点，我们需要一个资源节约型的循环经济，而垃圾分类可以发挥关键作用。但那应该是一种完全不同的垃圾分类。）和最后一段“China could initiate the next generation of waste
67、sorting systems. Such a waste sorting system would be a driver for innovation and extreme resource efficiency and a true step toward ecological civilization.”（中国可以启动下一代垃圾分类系统。这样的垃圾分类系统将是创新和极端资源效率的驱动力，是迈向生态文明的真正一步。），可知文章主要讲可持续的垃圾分类有助于人类回归生态社会，所以文章的目的在于提倡更可持续的垃圾分类系统。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短
68、文后的选项中选出能填空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。If your friendships are going to last a long time, you simply have to accept that things will always change. But never fear. _16_. Here is a little of their advice:Start with the friendship triangle.Shasta Nelson is a friendship expert who gives a concept called the “f
69、riendship triangle”. _17_. Anyway, the base is positivity, and two sides of the triangle are consistency (一致性) and vulnerability (脆弱性). If your friendship has something wrong, its much easier to see what is off balance and adjust in time.Figure out what you value.Another helpful tool comes from Rach
70、el Wilkerson Miller. Wilkerson Miller recommends looking at friendships through your TME-time, money and energy. “Those are your most valuable resources,” she says. “Think about where your TME is going, how youre spending it and who youre giving it to.” _18_Dont be afraid to ask for things._19_. Bei
71、ng direct can feel awkward, but if you get in the habit of stating your needs, you can avoid a pile of hate much later on. “Ask for exactly what you need,” Havrilesky, a famous writer, says, “Sometimes it can work like medicine. So ask!”_20_. During long life, you go through lot of different version
72、s of yourself. That can mean that sometimes, a friend is only present for a certain chapterand that is OK.A. Not every friend is going to be there foreverB. We offer some advice from experts to you deal with the shifts in your friendshipC. Friendship is like a ship to carry you go furtherD. The frie
73、ndship triangle is made of three equally long sidesE. If you waste these resources, it might be time to shift the relationshipF. You should get comfortable asking for what you needG. The expert recommends being clear when your friendship is no longer the same【答案】16. B 17. D 18. E 19. F 20. A【解析】这是一篇
74、议论文。作者针对友谊可能会发生改变这一问题，给出了一些看法和建议。【16题详解】上文If your friendships are going to last a long time, you simply have to accept that things will always change. But never fear.说如果你的友谊要持续很长一段时间，你只需要接受事情总是会变化的这一事实。但不要害怕。下文Here is a little of their advice说以下是他们的一些建议。该空承上启下，说明面对这个问题时，一些建议可能会对你有所帮助，选项中的the shifts指
75、代上文中的change，选项中的some advice与下文中的a little of their advice相呼应。B选项“我们为你提供一些专家的建议，帮助你应对友谊中的变化”切题，故选B。【17题详解】上文Shasta Nelson is a friendship expert who gives a concept called the “friendship triangle”.说沙斯塔纳尔逊是一位友谊专家，他提出了一个叫做“友谊三角形”的概念。下文Anyway, the base is positivity, and two sides of the triangle are co
76、nsistency (一致性) and vulnerability说不管怎么说，底边是稳定的，三角的两边具有一致性和脆弱性。该空承上启下，进一步解释“友谊三角形”，D选项“友谊三角形由三条等长的边组成”，选项中的sides与下文中的sides相呼应。故选D。【18题详解】上文“Those are your most valuable resources,” she says. “Think about where your TME is going, how youre spending it and who youre giving it to.”说“这些是你最宝贵的资源，”她说，“想想你的
77、时间都花在哪里了，你怎么花的，你把它给了谁。”该空承接上文，说明如果你没有考虑这些因素，可能造成的后果，E选项“如果你浪费了这些资源，可能是时候改变你们的关系了”切题，选项中的resources对应上文中的resources，故选E。【19题详解】本段标题是Dont be afraid to ask for things.（不要害怕提出要求），下文Being direct can feel awkward, but if you get in the habit of stating your needs, you can avoid a pile of hate much later on.
78、说直率可能会让人感到尴尬，但如果你养成了陈述自己需求的习惯，你就可以避免日后一大堆讨厌。该空承接标题，引出下文，说明你要坦白的表明自己的需求，F选项“你应该坦然地提出你需要的东西”切题，选项中的need对应下文中的needs,故选F。【20题详解】下文During long life, you go through lot of different versions of yourself. That can mean that sometimes, a friend is only present for a certain chapterand that is OK.说在漫长的一生中，你会
79、经历很多不同版本的自己。这意味着有时候，朋友只会在某一章节出现这也没关系。该空引出下文，说明朋友并非永恒不变的，A选项“不是每个朋友都能永远在那里”切题，故选A。第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节 完形填空（共20题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Sometimes, life gives you the gift of a moment that changes everything. For me, that came on _21_ home in Janua
80、ry, 2009. As a _22_, I specialized in corporate law in oil and gas projects. Actually, Id _23_ to hate my job. It involved too much paperwork and a lot of traveling, which was really _24_ for me.Becoming a lawyer was unintended. I loved my school but it was _25_ and students were destined (注定) for g
81、ood university and then graduate plan. That was the track I was on. After _26_, I became a lawyer, but that just made me trapped. I wanted to make a _27_, but I had no idea what else I could do.On that life-changing flight, I asked a stewardess to bring me a hot drink. When she _28_, I couldnt help
82、crying _29_ me, she said, “I dont know whats wrong but _30_ youre crying in business class, you need to change your life.” Those _31_ had a great effect on me. I couldnt _32_ in a job that made me so uncomfortable.After much _33_, I resigned 18 months later. The last time Id been happy was when I wa
83、s volunteering at a school. _34_ that, my friend Sophia kept telling me Id love teaching. Then I _35_ four schools and became a teacher in the end. No amount of planning would have prepared me for my first day as teacher. It was _36_, but as became familiar with the curriculum, I relaxed.Five years
84、on, Im head of department. Watching my students develop is so _37_ and results day makes me burst with pride. I used to feel _38_ about the thought of becoming a more senior lawyer, but Im so positive about the _39_ teaching can offer. I earn less now but I become _40_ in many ways. Every single day
85、, I feel excited to go to work.21. A. trainB. planeC. taxiD. ship22. A. teacherB. managerC. journalistD. lawyer23. A. grownB. refusedC. regrettedD. pretended24. A. necessaryB. surprisingC. exhaustingD. dangerous25. A. boringB. unfairC. disappointingD. competitive26. A. schoolB. graduationC. workD. b
86、usiness27. A. differenceB. planC. scheduleD. trip28. A. admittedB. returnedC. apologizedD. escaped29. A. DraggingB. AdmiringC. ComfortingD. Following30. A. ifB. thoughC. unlessD. before31. A. wordsB. giftsC. notesD. lessons32. A. give upB. set offC. show upD. carry on33. A. testingB. searchingC. dis
87、cussionD. consideration34. A. But forB. Apart fromC. Because ofD. Regardless of35. A. attendedB. contactedC. financedD. established36. A. urgentB. stressfulC. annoyingD. unforgivable37. A. helpfulB. practicalC. rewardingD. ridiculous38. A. excitedB. proudC. scaredD. confident39. A. arrangementsB. co
88、ursesC. instructionsD. opportunities40. A. richerB. slowerC. warmerD. smarter【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. C 35. B 36. B 37. C 38. C 39. D 40. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了曾经是一名律师的作者，因为忍受不了律师工作的繁重和压力，经过深思熟虑后，选择辞职。最后成为了一名老师，作者觉得看到学生进步很有意义，成绩发布日让自己充满了骄傲。虽然挣
89、得少了，但是在很多方面变得更富有了。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，这是2009年1月在回家的飞机上得到的。A. train火车；B. plane飞机；C. taxi出租车；D. ship船。根据第三段中On that life-changing flight可知改变了作者生活的礼物，是作者在坐飞机时得到的。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名律师，我的专业是石油和天然气项目的公司法。A. teacher老师；B. manager经理；C. journalist记者；D. lawyer律师。根据第二段中I became a lawyer可知作者是一名律师。故选
90、D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，我逐渐开始讨厌我工作了。A. grown变成，生长；B. refused拒绝；C. regretted遗憾；D. pretended假装。根据后文to hate my job可知作者逐渐开始讨厌律师的工作。grow to表示“逐渐开始做某事”。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它涉及太多的文书工作和大量的旅行，这对我来说真的很累人。A. necessary必要的；B. surprising令人惊讶的；C. exhausting使人筋疲力尽的；D. dangerous危险的。结合上文It involved too much pape
91、rwork and a lot of traveling可知，律师的工作涉及太多的文书工作和大量的旅行，这让作者感到筋疲力尽。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我热爱我的学校，但它竞争激烈，学生们注定要进入好的大学，然后进行毕业计划。A. boring无聊的；B. unfair不公平的；C. disappointing令人失望的；D. competitive竞争的。根据后文students were destined for good university and then graduate plan可知学生要进入好的大学都是注定了的，说明作者所在的学校竞争激烈。故选D。【26题
92、详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕业后，我成为了一名律师，但这让我陷入了困境。A. school学校；B. graduation毕业；C. work工作；D. business生意。根据后文I became a lawyer可知作者成为律师应该是从学校毕业后的事情。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想有所作为，但我不知道我还能做些什么。A. difference差异；B. plan计划；C. schedule日程表；D. trip旅行。根据上文I wanted to make a可知此处为短语make a difference表示“有影响，有关系”。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词
93、义辨析。句意：当她回来时，我忍不住哭了起来。A. admitted承认；B. returned返回；C. apologized道歉；D. escaped逃走。根据上文On that life-changing flight, I asked a stewardess to bring me a hot drink.可知作者让空姐去拿一杯热饮，因此是指她拿了热饮回来时，作者忍不住哭了。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她安慰我说，“我不知道怎么回事，但如果你在商务舱哭泣，你需要改变你的生活。”A. Dragging拖动；B. Admiring钦佩；C. Comforting安慰；D.
94、 Following跟随。结合常识，空姐看到作者哭泣，应当是安慰作者。故选C。【30题详解】考查连词辨析。句意：她安慰我说，“我不知道怎么回事，但如果你在商务舱哭泣，你需要改变你的生活。”A. if如果；B. though虽然；C. unless除非；D. before在之前。此处为条件状语从句，表示“如果”应用if。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些话对我有很大的影响。A. words话语；B. gifts礼物；C. notes笔记；D. lessons课程。结合上文she said, “I dont know whats wrong butyoure crying in b
95、usiness class, you need to change your life.”可知此处指空姐说的话，对作者有很大影响。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我无法继续从事一份让我如此不舒服的工作。A. give up放弃；B. set off出发；C. show up露面；D. carry on继续。结合后文in a job that made me so uncomfortable.可知，指作者无法继续从事一份让自己感觉不舒服的工作。故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过深思熟虑，18个月后我辞职了。A. testing测试；B. searching搜索；C.
96、 discussion讨论；D. consideration考虑。在空姐对作者说了那番话之后，又过了18个月，作者才辞职，说明是经过了深思熟虑的。故选D。【34题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：正因为如此，我的朋友索菲亚一直告诉我，我喜欢教书。A. But for要不是；B. Apart from除了；C. Because of因为；D. Regardless of不管。后文that指代上文提到的作者在一所学校做志愿者的事情，因为这件事，朋友索菲亚才说作者喜欢教书。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来我联系了四所学校，最终成为了一名教师。A. attended出席；B. conta
97、cted联系；C. financed提供资金；D. established建立。根据后文four schools可知作者联系了四所学校。故选B。【36题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很有压力，但随着我熟悉了课程，我感觉放松了。A. urgent紧急的；B. stressful紧张的；C. annoying讨厌的；D. unforgivable不可原谅的。结合后文but as became familiar with the curriculum, I relaxed.可知but表示转折，说明一开始教书也是很有压力的，后面熟悉了课程，作者才感觉放松了。故选B。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析
98、。句意：看着我的学生进步是如此的有意义，成绩发布日让我充满了骄傲。A. helpful有帮助的；B. practical实际的；C. rewarding有益的，值得的；D. ridiculous可笑的。根据后文results day makes me burst with pride可知作者看到学生们进步，觉得这份工作是有意义的。故选C。【38题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我曾经对成为一名更资深的律师感到害怕，但我非常看好教学所能提供的机会。A. excited激动的；B. proud自豪的；C. scared害怕的；D. confident自信的。根据后文about the though
99、t of becoming a more senior lawyer, but Im so positive可知but表示转折，作者如今对教学态度积极，说明曾经对成为资深律师感到恐惧害怕。故选C。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我曾经对成为一名更资深的律师感到害怕，但我非常看好教学所能提供的机会。A. arrangements安排；B. courses课程；C. instructions指令；D. opportunities机会。结合后文teaching can offer可知此处指教学能够给作者提供的机会。故选D。【40题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我现在挣得少了，但我在很多方面变
100、得更富有了。A. richer更富有的；B. slower更慢的；C. warmer更温暖的；D. smarter更聪明的。根据上文I earn less now but I become可知虽然作者现在收入少了，但是在许多方面都变得更富有了。故选A。第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。The brightness of light from our cities has reached _41_ high levels that it is reducing the darkness of nigh
101、t. A century ago, when night-time _42_ (fall) the dark of night arrived. Things are _43_ (differ) today. A new study reports that artificial light at night is increasing around the world. Scientists say it grew _44_ 2.2% a year between 2012 and 2016. This intrusion of artificial light is causing us
102、many problems. The International Dark-Sky Association says, “it is not only damaging our view of the universe, but it is _45_ (severe) threatening our environment, our safety, our energy consumption and our health”.Dr. Franz Holker said artificial light is _46_ threat to our natural environment. He
103、called it a pollutant _47_ threatens nocturnal animals and affects plants and microorganisms He added that it is affecting everything from bacteria to mammals, humans _48_ (include). He said it is reshaping “entire social ecological systems”. Environmentalists thought LED lights would help. However,
104、 cities are using more LED lights because _49_ are cheaper. This is adding to the pollution of light. Night-time light decreased in sixteen countries, including _50_ (nation) at war, like Yemen and Syria.【答案】41. such 42. fell 43. different 44. by 45. severely 46. a 47. that/ which 48. included 49. t
105、hey 50. nations【解析】这是一篇说明文。城市的过度照明已经成为了一种污染，它对人们生活的方方面面都造成了威胁。【41题详解】考查状语从句。句意：来自我们城市的灯光亮度已经达到如此高的水平，以至于它正在减少夜晚的黑暗。此处为结果状语从句，表示“如此以至于”，且修饰后文名词短语high levels，应用suchthat。故填such。【42题详解】考查动词时态。根据上文时间状语A century ago，可知应用一般过去时。故填fell。【43题详解】考查形容词。根据上文There are可知应填形容词different，作表语，表示“不同的”。故填different。【44题详解
106、】考查介词。句意：科学家表示，2012年至2016年，该数字每年增长2.2%。短语grow by表示“增长”，by 表示增长的幅度。故填by。【45题详解】考查副词。修饰动词threaten，应用副词severely，表示“严重地”，作状语。故填severely。【46题详解】考查冠词。此处泛指“一个威胁”，应用不定冠词，且threat为辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。【47题详解】考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词pollutant，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词that或which。故填that/ which。【48题详解】考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，human
107、s和本空在句中作状语，为独立主格结构；且humans与include之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词形式。故填included。49题详解】考查代词。句意：然而，城市正在使用更多的LED灯，因为它们更便宜。此处指代LED lights，且在从句中作主语，应用代词they。故填they。【50题详解】考查名词的数。nation为可数名词，根据后文like Yemen and Syria可知应用复数形式。故填nations。第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文
108、中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。As we all know, class is a place which students ought to work hard to realize their dreams. However, there are some student not using class p
109、roper, making things go from bad to worse. For example, some students played mobile phones or sleep in class, waste quantities of precious time. Whats more worse, some students enjoy chatting with others. Not only does it affect our own study, but also it does harm for others. As far as am concerned
110、, the main reason is why they dont realize the importance of study. To solve this problem, they have to understand making full use of class is best way to improve the efficiency of study. After all, time waits for no man.【答案】1. whichwhere2. studentstudents3. properproperly4. playedplay5. wastewastin
111、g6. 去掉more 7. ourtheir8. forto9. whythat10. 在best前面加the【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，课堂上，有一些学生上课不得体，不仅影响他们自己的学习，而且对他人也有害，主要原因是没有意识到学习的重要性。【详解】1. 考查定语从句关系词。此处是定语从句，先行词是a place，在从句中做地点状语，应用关系副词where。故将which改为where。2. 考查名词的数。可数名词student前面有some修饰，应用名词复数。故将student改为students。3. 考查副词。此处用副词properly作状语修饰动词using。故将pr
112、oper改为properly。4. 考查时态。本文讲述发生在现在的事情，应用一般现在时，主语some students是复数，主谓一致，谓语也用复数，用play。故将played改为play。5. 考查现在分词。本句已有谓语动词play且无连词，此处用非谓语形式，主语some students和动词waste是主谓关系，应用现在分词（doing）表主动，作状语。故将waste改为wasting。6. 考查固定搭配。句意：更糟糕的是，有些学生喜欢和别人聊天。此处指“更糟糕的是”，固定搭配Whats worse（更糟糕的是），去掉more。故去掉more。7. 考查代词。句意：这不仅影响他们的学习
113、，而且对他人也有害。由上文可知，上文一直在讲some students的课堂行为，所以是“影响他们的学习”，应用形容词性物主代词their指代。故将our改为their。8. 考查介词。固定搭配do harm to（对有害），应用介词to。故将for改为to。9. 考查表语从句连接词。is后接表语从句，从句they dont realize the importance of study结构完整，不缺成分，意义完整，所以用只起连接作用的that。故将why改为that。10. 考查冠词。句意：要解决这个问题，他们必须明白充分利用课堂是提高学习效率的最佳途径。当最高级best后面有名词时，前面一
114、般都要加定冠词the，表“最好的”。故在best前面加the。第二节 书面表达（满分25分）52. 对于高三的学生来说，时间管理无疑是至关重要的。但是事实上不是每位同学都足够重视，做事拖延。假定你是某中学高三的学生李华请在你校英语校报上写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们恰当地管理时间。表达要点：1. 拖延的弊端；2. 你的建议；3. 发起倡议。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开篇和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear fellow students,Time management is without doubt of vital significance, e
115、specially for us Senior Three students. _ Li Hua【答案】Dear fellow students,Time is without doubt of vital significance, especially for us Senior Three students. But the truth is that not everyone is attaching adequate importance to it.If we are in the habit of leaving things undone and putting them of
116、f until the last minute, there is no doubt that, rushing to meet the deadline, nothing will turn out satisfactory. We will lose many a precious opportunity with the help of our parents and teachers should be a good choice. Besides, remember lo combine work with play. Just as the saying goes, “All wo
117、rk and no play makes Jack a dull boy”.Why not take action now to manage our precious time effectively, thus producing better results?Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生向校英语校报写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们恰当地管理时间。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 拖延的弊端；2. 你的建议；3. 发起倡议。 第二步:列提纲
118、 （重点词组）attach importance to；in the habit of；putoff；with the help of；combine with；take action to do sth.第三步：连词成句1. But the truth is that not everyone is attaching adequate importance to it.2. If we are in the habit of leaving things undone and putting them off until the last minute,3. We will lose ma
119、ny a precious opportunity with the help of our parents and teachers should be a good choice.4. remember lo combine work with play.5. Why not take action now to manage our precious time effectively, thus producing better results?(根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。）第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Fir
120、stly/First, Secondly/Second And then, Finally, In the end, At last, Last but not least2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well as, not onlybut (also), including, also3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although + clause (从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one
121、 hand,On the other hand Some,while others,as for, sothat 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 5表换一种方式表达：In other words, that is to say,6.表进行举例说明：For example; For instance; such as + n/doing 7.表陈述事实：In fact, frankly speaking8.表选择：eitheror，or连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。第五步：润色
122、修改【点睛】范文内容完整，结构严谨，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如But the truth is that not everyone is attaching adequate importance to it这句话中用了that引导的表语从句，如there is no doubt that, rushing to meet the deadline, nothing will turn out satisfactory这句话中用了that引导的同位语从句（nothing will turn out satisfactory）；使用了非常好的短语，如attach importance to，in the habit of，combine with，take action to do sth.等，为文章增色不少。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。