1、语法专题名词专有名词(Proper Nouns)普通名词(Common Nouns)个体名词(Individual Nouns)集体名词(Collective Nouns)物质名词(Material Nouns)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns)不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)可数名词(Countable Nouns)分类用法可数名词的复数规则变化一般词后加sdays,boys,Americanss,x,sh,ch 结尾加esbuses,dishes,matches,boxes (stomachs 除外)“辅 音 字 母 y”结尾，变 y 为 i，加esbabies,fa
2、ctories,stories以 f 或 fe 结尾，变 f/fe为 v，加esleaves,wives(roofs,proofs,gulfs,beliefs,chiefs,staffs,safes 除外)以 o 结尾，有生命加es，无生命加sheroes,potatoes,tomatoes;pianos,radios(bamboos 除外)数字的复数加s 或“s”in the 1930s/1930s归 纳 总 结分类用法可数名词的复数不规则变化改变词中元音字母womanwomen,goosegeese,manmen,footfeet,toothteeth其他phenomenon phenom
3、ena,mediummedia,datumdata,bacteriumbacteria,analysis analyseschildchildren,oxoxen等形式复数，意义单数news,maths,politics,physics,economics,the United States,等形式复数，意义复数glasses,clothes,trousers,scissors单复数同形 means,deer,sheep,fish,species,Chinese,Japanese,series 等集体名词可单数，可复数class,family,government,audience,publi
4、c由连字符构成的复合名词的“数”，一是合成名词的复数形式通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数。如：lookerson 参观者，sonsinlaw 女婿，passersby旁观者。二是如果没有主体名词，在最后一个词上加复数(词 尾)。如：gobetweens 中 间 人，grownups 成人。三是man,woman,gentleman等作定语时，定语 和 被 修 饰 词 都 变 成 复 数。如：men workers，women teachers，gentlemen officials。名词训练一、单句填空1Why do you choose to work in an international
5、travel agency?Well,you know,English is my _.So it is my best choice.(strong)2.The success of our experiment is a great _(satisfy)to us all.strengthsatisfaction3My first _ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.(impress)4Youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for f
6、uture _.(refer)5Your _as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.(perform)performanceimpressionreference6Dont worry,Mum.The doctor said it was only the flu.What a _！Ill tell Dad theres nothing serious.(relieve)7.He has never shown much _(consider)for his wif
7、es feelings.8.He gained his _(wealthy)by printing _(work)of famous writer.9.There are fiftysix _(people)in China.10._(girl)students and _(woman)teachers are in the majorities in our school.reliefconsiderationwealthworkspeoplesGirl women11.This kind of dress was popular in the _(1980).12.The town is
8、about two _(hour)ride from here.You ought to start right away.13.Some _(German)visited our school last Wednesday.14.The _(roof)of the room were covered with _(leaf).15.On the whole,he was a _(fail)in his life.1980s/1980shoursGermansroofsleavesfailure二、完成句子。填入所给词的正确形式。1.Two _(month)ago，three _(hero)c
9、aught four _(thief).They made them plant some _(potato)and _(bamboo)in two _(zoo).They also made their _(wife)return the four big _(box)with some precious _(photo)and _(brush)in them.monthsheroesthievespotatoesbambooszooswivesboxesphotosbrushes2.Two _(editorinchief)，three _(man teacher)and five _ _(
10、woman doctor)，together with their _(child)，went to the market.They decided to buy two _(sheep)，three _(deer)，four _(ox)，five _(goose)and six white _(mouse)with three _(foot)and six _(tooth).teetheditorsinchiefmen teacherswomendoctorschildrensheepdeeroxengeesemicefeet三、单句改错1.I have only been there a
11、couple of time.time times time作“次”解是可数名词，而a couple of是“两，几”的意思，其后要接可数名词的复数形式。2.When you visit London,one of the first thing you will see is Big Ben.thing things 因one of(之一)后面总是接复数可数名词的。3.Mr.Wang gave us some advices on how to remember Englsih words.advices advice 因advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式。4.I have no tim
12、e to take exercise because I have a lot of homeworks to do.homeworks homework 因为homework是不可数名词，没有复数形式。5.This happened four and a half century ago.century centuries 意思是“四个半”世纪，超过一就要用复数，不要被a half迷惑。6.More care would insure you against making so much mistakes.much many 因为much是修饰不可数名词的，修饰可数名词mistakes要用m
13、any。7.Its about an hour drive from here to my office.hour hours 指开车“一个小时的”路程，故用所有格。（十分钟的步行？）8.Li Ming,a threeyearsold boy,is very lovely.years year 像threeyearold这类用连字符连接，在名词前作定语的名词，用单数。9.We are having dinner at my aunt tonight.aunt aunts 指到“我姨母的”家里吃饭。at my aunts 相当于at my aunts home。10.In our school,
14、there is a new lab building with lots of teaching equipments in it.equipments equipment 因为equipment是不可数名词，没有复数形式。Charles Pink was a young(1)_(Canada)who had a good house and he knew how to enjoy himself.Every Saturday,he went to the theatre and(2)_(party).His car was one of the best in his city.He h
15、ad lots of(3)_(money)and one day he bought a plane.He learned to fly and flying became one of his main(4)_(enjoy).One day about thirty(5)_(year)ago,he set off in his small plane on a trip across(6)_(German).Canadian partiesmoneyenjoymentsyearsGermany四、语篇填空At first everything went well,but when he wa
16、s over the part of the country(7)_ engine of the little machine failed.Fortunately,Pink was flying at a good(8)_(high)when the bad thing happened,and he had time to find a place to land.Below him he could see a number of(9)_(field)which looked nice enough to land on,and he managed to bring his(10)_
17、down on one of them.theheightfieldsplane四、语篇填空 A high school history teacher once told us，“If you make one close friend in school,you will be most lucky.1_ true friend is someone who stays with you for life.”Experience shows that he was right.Good 2_(friend)are just not easily formed.To most of us，f
18、riendships are thought very important，but we need to have the kinds of friendships we want.A friendships Are they to be close or kept at arms 3 _(long)？Do we want to share ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface？For some people，many friendships on the surface are quite enough and thats all ri
19、ght.But at some point we need to make sure that our expectations are the same as our 4 _(friend)expectations.The sharing of 5 _(person)experience is the surest way 6 _(deepen)friendships.But it must be undertaken slowly and carried on only if there are signs of interest and action in return.length f
20、riends personal to deepen/of deepening What are some of the difficulties to friendship？The greatest one is the attraction to expect too much too soon.Deep relationships take time.7 _ main difficulty is the 8 _(selfish)to think one“owns”the other，including his time and attention.Similarly，friendships
21、 need actions in return.In other words，you must give as much as you take.Finally there is a question of taking care of each other.9 _ you spend reasonable time together，talking on the phone，writing 10 _(letter)or doing things together,friendships will die away.Another selfishness Unless letters 本文主要
22、讲如何加深友谊(how to deepen friendships)。1.A 在单数可数名词friend前可能是冠词、名词的所有格、形容词性物主代词或不定代词；由语境可知，此处指类别，泛指“一个”真正的朋友，故填不定冠词A。2.friendships 在句中作主语，用名词形式；又根据谓语动词are formed是复数，可知作主语的名词要用复数；再根据搭配，不容易形成的应当是“友谊”，而不是“朋友”，故填friendships。3.length 在名词所有格后，要用名词形式。keep sb.at arms length意为“不使自己太接近某人；与某人保持距离(not allow oneself
23、to become too friendly with sb.)”。4.friends 在名词前作定语，要用其形容词形式或者名词的所有格；根据语境，应当指“我们的朋友的”，应当用复数形式的所有格，故填friends。5.personal 在名词前作定语，用形容词形式。6.to deepen/of deepening 在way后用不定式作定语或用of doing作定语。7.Another 在名词前作定语，没有提示的语法填空题，只可能是填冠词、介词、连词或代词；再根据前面的the greatest(difficulty)和后面的Finally可知，此处是指多者中的“另一个”，故填another。8.selfishness 在冠词后，要用名词。9.Unless 因有you spend.和friendships will die away两个句子,且两句之间没有关联词，此处一定是填关联词;由两句的谓语动词的时态可判断,应填引导条件或时间状语从句的从属连词；根据两句的逻辑关系，应填unless引导条件状语从句。10.letters 名词作宾语。因为是可数名词，且没有限定词，故用复数。
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