1、Learning about languageDiscovering useful words and expressions1.Replace the words underlined by 1.Replace the words underlined by ones of similar meaning from the ones of similar meaning from the reading passage.reading passage.1)Seeing the dark clouds 1)Seeing the dark clouds above himabove him,Ge
2、orge hurried for home.George hurried for home.2)Sailing a boat alone 2)Sailing a boat alone far way from far way from the shorethe shore made Floras parents made Floras parents worry about her safety.worry about her safety.overhead overhead offshore offshore 3)3)Clare,would you please put your bicyc
3、le Clare,would you please put your bicycle next tonext to the others in the shed?the others in the shed?4)4)“Why dont you plot “Why dont you plot a more simplea more simple route route with the with the smallest number ofsmallest number of stops?”stops?”asked Mary.asked Mary.5)5)Setting out on a lon
4、g Setting out on a long journey by seajourney by sea with with unskilled unskilled sailorssailors would be dangerous would be dangerous especially if there were no modern especially if there were no modern navigational instruments.navigational instruments.alongside alongside simplified simplified mi
5、nimum minimum voyage voyage seamen seamen 2.find the words from the reading 2.find the words from the reading passage that are the opposite of these passage that are the opposite of these compound pound words._anywhere _upload_anywhere _upload_inward_inward _unreliable _unreliable_ land flower_ land
6、 flower_ strong point_ strong pointnowhere nowhere download download outward outward reliable reliable seaweed seaweed shortcoming shortcoming 3.Write down the words you know,which 3.Write down the words you know,which are related to navigation and sea.are related to navigation and sea.Navigationnav
7、igate,navigational,(instruments:compass,bearing,circle,astrolabe,quadrant,sextant),sail,sailor,voyage,latitude,longitude,equator,horizon,captain,sailor,land,island,set sail,nautical middles,explore,explorationSeaSeaman,seaweed,seafood,shore,offshore,onshore,beach,beach-ball,seabed,seabird,seagull,se
8、a shell,seaside,sea water,seasick,coast,coastline,coastal,tide,wave,current4.Complete the following paragraph with 4.Complete the following paragraph with the words below.the words below.precise outward nowhere awkward reference seaweed accelerate mercy randomly voyage alongside approximateSamuel th
9、e sailor was extremely good at Samuel the sailor was extremely good at plotting his course using the stars as plotting his course using the stars as a_.One day he was determined a_.One day he was determined to set out on a _across an to set out on a _across an unknown sea to an unknown continent.unk
10、nown sea to an unknown continent.He set out with his instruments so he He set out with his instruments so he would not be at the _ of the sea.He would not be at the _ of the sea.He found on his _ journey a rocky found on his _ journey a rocky island.It seemed to be covered in nests.island.It seemed
11、to be covered in nests.reference reference voyage voyage mercy mercy outward outward Suddenly,as Samuel looked,an enormous Suddenly,as Samuel looked,an enormous bird swooped down and picked him up as bird swooped down and picked him up as if he were a/an_ parcel.It if he were a/an_ parcel.It _ its s
12、peed and rose straight up _ its speed and rose straight up into the air so as to reach the_ place into the air so as to reach the_ place on the rocks where its nest lay.Once there,on the rocks where its nest lay.Once there,it shook itself and threw Samuel in it shook itself and threw Samuel in the_
13、direction of the nest.the_ direction of the nest.awkward awkward accelerated accelerated precise precise approximate approximate There seemed to be _ to hide but then he noticed lots of_ on his left and quickly hid under it.The bird landed nearby and pecked _ at the rocks.Samuel rolled over swiftly
14、and found himself at the edge of the cliff.He looked down slowly with a beating heart.Below him was his boat lying _ the shore!nowhere nowhere seaweed seaweed randomly randomly alongside alongside“How lucky I am!”Samuel thought to himself.He then gave a mighty leap and landed in it.Once inside he co
15、uld safely sail away.work out work out to calculate an answer,amount,price,to calculate an answer,amount,price,or value or value 计算计算 to think about to think about sthsth.and manage to.and manage to understand it understand it 设法弄懂设法弄懂 to think carefully about how you are to think carefully about ho
16、w you are going to do going to do sthsth.and plan a good way of.and plan a good way of doing it doing it 精心制定出，安排精心制定出，安排Explanation on P11Explanation on P11egeg.See if you can See if you can work outwork out this bill this bill out.out.The plot is so complicated that itll The plot is so complicated
17、 that itll take you a while to take you a while to work work it it out out.计算弄明白 I cant work out Geoff;one day hes friendly,the next day he ignores me completely.I havent worked out whos gong to look after the kids tonight.明白计划1.We 1.We may wellmay well wonder how seamen wonder how seamen explored t
18、he oceans before latitude and explored the oceans before latitude and longitude longitude made it possible to plotmade it possible to plot a ships a ships position on a map.position on a map.在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的位在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的位置之前，我们很想知道航海员是怎样在置之前，我们很想知道航海员是怎样在海上探险的。海上探险的。Page 12may/might well may/might
19、 well 很可能，极有可能很可能，极有可能These are excellent photographs and we These are excellent photographs and we may wellmay well use them in our magazine.use them in our magazine.这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能把这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能把它们用在我们的杂志上。它们用在我们的杂志上。You You might wellmight well find that youll need find that youll need more b
20、y the weekend.more by the weekend.到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西。到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西。2.The 2.The voyages voyages of travelers before the of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not 17th century show that they were not at at the mercy ofthe mercy of the sea the sea even thougheven though they did t
21、hey did not have modern navigational aids.not have modern navigational aids.1717世纪前的海上航行表明，即使没有现世纪前的海上航行表明，即使没有现代航海术的帮助，旅行者也没有受大海代航海术的帮助，旅行者也没有受大海的支配。的支配。voyagevoyage n.n./vi.vi.航海航海,航行航行The The voyagevoyage from England to India used from England to India used to take six months.to take six months.
22、过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。go on/make/take a sea voyagego on/make/take a sea voyage去航海旅行去航海旅行voyager voyager n.n.航行者航行者,航海者航海者They have got everything ready to make a _ across the Atlantic.A.trip B.travel C.voyage D.tour at the mercy ofat the mercy ofwithout any protection against;helpless withou
23、t any protection against;helpless before before 任由任由摆布；在摆布；在面前无助面前无助They were lost at sea,They were lost at sea,at the mercy ofat the mercy ofwind and weather.wind and weather.他们在海上迷失了方向他们在海上迷失了方向,任凭风和天气任凭风和天气的摆布。的摆布。I dont like to be I dont like to be at the mercy ofat the mercy ofsuch a man.such a
24、 man.我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。have mercy on/show mercy to have mercy on/show mercy to 对对表示怜悯表示怜悯The terrorists showed no mercy to the The terrorists showed no mercy to the hostages.hostages.恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。without mercy without mercy 毫不留情地毫不留情地The mother left the dying baby in the The mothe
25、r left the dying baby in the hospital without mercy.hospital without mercy.那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。Its a mercy(that)(Its a mercy(that)(口口)幸运的是幸运的是,幸亏幸亏(用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸运运)Its a mercy the accident happened so Its a mercy the accident happened so near the hospital.near
26、the hospital.幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。Its a mercy she wasnt seriously hurt.Its a mercy she wasnt seriously hurt.幸运的是她伤势不重。幸运的是她伤势不重。even though 用作连词，意为“尽管，即使”，引导让步状语从句。高考示例There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely,_ she was an only child.(辽宁2005)A.ever sinceB.now thatC.even thoughD.eve
27、n aseven though“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。ever since“自从以来”，常和完成时态连用；now that“既然，由于”；even as“正当，恰恰在的时候”。拓展 even though 和even so 的区别：even though=even if用作连词，引导让步状语从句；even so 用作副词，意思是“尽管这样/那样，即便如此”。高考示例 Your uncle seems to be a good driver;_,I wouldnt dare to travel in his car.(江西 2005)A.even soB.even thoughC.th
28、ereforeD.so3.minimum(min)3.minimum(min)adj.adj.最小的最小的,最低的最低的n.n.最小值最小值,最小化。最小化。其反义词为其反义词为maximum(max)maximum(max)adj.adj.最高的最高的,最多的最多的,最大极限的最大极限的n.n.最大量最大量,最大限度最大限度,极大极大The minimum requirements for the job are a degree and two years experience.该工作的最低要求是要有学位和两年的工作经验。You must get a minimum of 40 quest
29、ions right to pass the examination.你最少必须答对40道题才能通过考试。keep/reduce keep/reduce sthsth.to a minimum.to a minimum将某物保持在将某物保持在/降低到最低限度降低到最低限度The school manages to keep bullying to The school manages to keep bullying to a a minimumminimum.学校设法最低限度得减少恃强凌弱的行学校设法最低限度得减少恃强凌弱的行为。为。The The maximummaximum number
30、 of students in number of students in each class is 58.each class is 58.每个班学生人数的最高限额是每个班学生人数的最高限额是5858名。名。4.indicate 4.indicate vtvt.指出指出,显示显示,象征象征,预示预示,需要需要,简要地说简要地说明明I asked him where my sister was and he I asked him where my sister was and he indicatedindicated the shop opposite.the shop opposite
31、.我问他姐姐在哪儿我问他姐姐在哪儿,他朝对面的商店指了他朝对面的商店指了一下。一下。I I indicatedindicated that his help was not welcome.that his help was not welcome.我表明他的帮助不受欢迎。我表明他的帮助不受欢迎。5.close 5.close adj.adj.near in space or timenear in space or time空间上或时间上靠近的空间上或时间上靠近的likely likely 可能的可能的careful careful 小心的小心的close to death离死亡不远take
32、 a close look at sth.严密注意某物keep a close watch/eye on仔细地看They chose a spot They chose a spot closeclose to the river for to the river for their picnic.their picnic.他们选择了一个离河不远的地方进行野他们选择了一个离河不远的地方进行野餐。餐。Your birthday is Your birthday is closeclose to mine.to mine.你的生日离我的生日相隔不长。你的生日离我的生日相隔不长。The two co
33、untries are The two countries are closeclose to signing a to signing a peace agreement.peace agreement.两国即将签署和平协议。两国即将签署和平协议。6.used to do6.used to do表过去习惯化的动作或状态表过去习惯化的动作或状态be/become/get used to doing/n.be/become/get used to doing/n.习惯于习惯于(to(to为介词为介词)be used to do be used to do 为被动语态，表示为被动语态，表示“被用来
34、做某事被用来做某事”I I used toused to go swimming on Saturdays but go swimming on Saturdays but now I dont.now I dont.The country life he was used to _ The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.(2005 greatly since 1992.(2005 山东山东)A.change A.change B.has changed B.has changed C.changing C.changing
35、D.have changedD.have changedIm not used to getting up so early.Cloth is used to make clothes.7.nowhere 7.nowhere adv.adv.无处无处,到处都无到处都无该词用于句首时，要用倒装语序。该词用于句首时，要用倒装语序。I have no job and I have no job and nowherenowhere to live.to live.我没工作，也没地方住。我没工作，也没地方住。NowhereNowhere could I seecould I see him.him.我
36、哪儿也看不到他。我哪儿也看不到他。Maybe you have been to many countries,Maybe you have been to many countries,but nowhere else _ such a beautiful but nowhere else _ such a beautiful palace.(2004 palace.(2004 辽宁辽宁)A.can you find B.you could find A.can you find B.you could find C.you can find D.could you find C.you ca
37、n find D.could you findnowhere else是否定词，以否定词开头的句子要进行倒装。根据上一个句子的谓语动词可确定用一般现在时。注：nowhere置于句首时，句子要用倒装的语序。8.offshore8.offshore adj./adv.adj./adv.向海面吹的向海面吹的,离岸的离岸的,海面上的海面上的,海海上上/下作业的下作业的offshore workersoffshore workers海上作业的工人海上作业的工人offshore bank/company/investmentoffshore bank/company/investment境外银行境外银行/
38、公司公司/投资投资offshore wind/current etc.从陆地吹向海面的风/离岸的潮流The storm moved offshore.风暴离岸移动。A boat moored offshore.船在近海下锚。9.accelerate 9.accelerate vi./vi./vtvt.=to(cause to)move faster=to(cause to)move faster 加速加速,促促进进She She acceleratedaccelerated her car and passed her car and passed the bus in front.the b
39、us in front.她加快车速超过了前面的公共汽车。她加快车速超过了前面的公共汽车。The car suddenly The car suddenly acceleratedaccelerated.那辆车突然开始加速。那辆车突然开始加速。1.secure adj.安全的,可靠的,放心的,无虑的v.保护,使安全Our house is secure from flood.我们的房子没有被淹的危险。Some measures are needed to secure the bank from a flood.这道堤防需要采取一些措施,免得被洪水冲坏。Page 13security n.安全，
40、保安，保护Security was tight during the Presidents visit.总统来访期间，保安工作十分严密。For security reasons the visitors were searched.为了安全起见，来宾受到了检查。2.magnetic adj.磁的,有磁性的,有吸引力的magnet n.磁体,磁铁a magnetic recorder磁录音机a magnetic compass bearing可分辨磁极方向的罗盘a magnetic person 有魅力的人The iron has lost its magnetic force.这铁已失去磁力。
41、3.random n.随意,任意adj.任意的,随便的,胡乱的make a random choice 任意选择at random=aimlessly;without any plan 随机，随便The travelers at the airport were searched at random.（搜查人员对）机场上的旅客随便选几个人加以搜查。Soiled dishes were piled at random.脏碟子乱七八糟地堆着。4.awkward adj.难使用的,笨拙的,尴尬的;棘手的,难处理的an awkward remark 令人窘迫的评论There was an awkwar
42、d silence,when no one knew what to say.当谁都不知道说什么时，出现了令人尴尬的沉默。他很笨，总是丢东西。He is awkward;he keeps dropping things.An awkward situation arose during the peace talks.在和平谈判中出现了棘手的情况。5.reference n.提及,涉及,参考,参考书目,证明书(人),介绍信(人)At the meeting the teacher made references to his heroic deeds.在会上老师提到了他的英雄事迹。These
43、are reference books for teachers.这些是教师参考书。refer v.提到,涉及,查阅,咨询The teacher often refers her pupils tothis dictionary.老师经常让她的学生查这本字典。Her pupils often refer to this dictionary.她的学会经常查这本字典。Dont refer to it again.别再提那件事。6.precise adj.精确的,准确的precision n.精确(性),精密(度)A lawyer needs a precise mind.律师需要一丝不苟的精神。
44、A camera is an instrument of precision.照相机是一种精密仪器。7.simplify vt.单一化,简单化simple adj.简单的The English in this story has been simplified to make it easier to understand.这个故事里的英语被简写以便更容易理解。His father lived a simple life in the country.他父亲在农村过着简朴的生活。8.portable adj.轻便的,手提(式)的,便携式的a portable typewriter 提式打字机a
45、 portable generator 便携式发电机9.shortcoming n.缺点,短处（常用复数）In spite of all her shortcomings,she is still the best teacher the school has.他尽管有些缺点，但仍然是该校最好的教师。10.updatev.使现代化,修正,校正,更新n.现代化,更新updated adj.最新的，现代化的，适时的an updated and revised edition最新修订本11.tendency n.趋向,倾向Weve noticed a growing tendencyfor peop
46、le to work at home instead of in offices.我们注意到一种趋势，越来越多的人在家里工作而不在办公室里上班。have a tendency to do sth.倾向于做某事,往往会做某事Jeans nice but she has a tendency totalk too much.简人倒不错，就是往往太唠叨。12.reliable adj.可靠的,可信赖的rely v.依赖,依靠,信赖,信任,依赖于reliability n.可靠性She may forget to come-she is not very reliable.她可能忘了来，她不太可信赖。
47、课文长句难句剖析The compass has a special magnetic pointerwhich always indicates the North Pole,so it is used to help find the direction that the ship needs to go.剖析:pointer 是先行词,which 是引导词,在从句中作主语,引导后面定语从句always indicates the North Pole;so引导后面的是结果状语从句;it作形式主语,真正的主语是to help find the direction;the direction
48、作为先行词,that是引导词,引导定语从句the ship needs to go。译文：指南针有一个特殊的磁针，始终指着北极。因此人们用它来帮助找出船只所要去的方向。1._ giving a general introduction to computer,the course also provides practical experience.2.He used to tell me that he _ be a writer but it turned out that he became a doctor.cope with,at the mercy of,work out,set
49、loose,close to,take.off,to ones astonishment,attach.to,take over,compare.with,in addition to,aim to用方框内所给词组的适当形式完成下列句子（其中有两个词组是多余的）。In addition toaimed to3.It was a reasonable assessment and probably pretty _ the truth.4.The workers find themselves absolutely _ the capitalists5.Inexperienced as he w
50、as,he could _ the difficulties wonderfully well.cope with,at the mercy of,work out,set loose,close to,take.off,to ones astonishment,attach.to,take over,compare.with,in addition to,aim toclosetoat the mercy ofcope with6.He kept his men alive by keeping them busy so as to _ their minds _ their stomach
51、s and their thirst.7.She _ great value _ being financially independent.cope with,at the mercy of,work out,set loose,close to,take.off,to ones astonishment,attach.to,take over,compare.with,in addition to,aim toattaches totake off8.I spotted a shooting star which,_,was bright green in color.9.When she fell ill,her daughter _ the business from her.10.There will be a full investigation to _ what caused the accident.cope with,at the mercy of,work out,set loose,close to,take.off,to ones astonishment,attach.to,take over,compare.with,in addition to,aim toastonishmenttookoverworkouttomy
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