1、Listening ListeningI.Listen to the tape on page7.1.Why did Shackleton have to attempt 2.the journey to South Georgia?3.There were two reasons:he felt his men were too weak to last very long without rescue;no ships passed that way.So Shackleton knew he would have to go for help himself.4.2.Do you thi
2、nk there was any alternative?Listen to the tape for the first time.ShackletonsproblemsHow he overcame them1 To make sure that the group left behind had the best chance of survivalThe choice of his party:He took the best navigator and the mostdifficult crew members so that he left the optimistic andm
3、ost co-operative people behind.2 How to arrive safely on South GeorgiaThe quality of the navigation:Despite terrible seas the navigator checked the ships position only three times but managed to arrive safely.3 He arrived on the wrong side of South GeorgiaThe perseverance of the party:They crossed t
4、he mountains sometimes sliding on their bottoms and arrived safely.THE RESCUEAs soon as they arrived on Elephant Island,Shackleton decided to go to the island of South Georgia for help.He realized that his men were too ill to last very long without rescue.But this was not an easy task.Listening text
5、The seas were very rough and the boat he planned to use was very small.Shackleton,however,felt he could not wait.No ships passed Elephant Island,so he knew that if he wanted to rescue his men he would have to do it himself.Of course everybody wanted to go with Shackleton but he chose his companions
6、with care.First,and most importantly,he needed a navigator to sail through the dangerous sea to South Georgia.Second,he needed to leave a group behind him that would be cheerful enough to survive till he returned.So he took the two most difficult and unfriendly members with him.The journey in the bo
7、at was a nightmare.The movement of the boat was so strong that it was almost impossible to check their position.The navigator was only able to use his instruments three times during the trip to South Georgia.Despite the sea being so rough,he was so good that they reached land safely.If they had miss
8、ed South Georgia Island,they would have sailed on into the open sea and there would have been no rescue.Unfortunately Shackleton landed on the wrong side of South Georgia and had to climb over the mountains to get help.That was a terrible journey too.At one point they had to slide down a mountain on
9、 their bottoms(屁股)!When they arrived at the whaling station,Shackletonimmediately arranged for a boat to return to Elephant Island.But the seas were even fiercer so they could not get near it.It took another three months of trying before they reached the twenty-two men left behind,Shackleton grew ve
10、ry anxious and looked extremely old and worried during this time.He was only happy when he arrived back on Elephant Island and found everyone still alive.As for the men,they began crying with relief when they saw him walking through the water to rescue them.ll.Listen to the tape on page 51 on Workbo
11、ok.Ex,1.Questions before listening1.What theories on the origin of species existed before Darwins idea?2.What is Darwins idea?3.What was the public reaction to his idea?4.Does everyone believe in his idea now?5.What do you think of his idea?Ex.3 Fill in the information in the chart.Old theoryNew the
12、oryWho made the different animals and plants?How do you know?GodFrom the BibleBy collecting evidenceThe theory of evolution that animals developed from earlier speciesOld theoryNew theoryHow long did it take?Where did people come from?Six daysGod madethem.Millions of yearsDeveloped from monkeysEx.4
13、Answer these questions.1 What made Charles Darwin change his mind and explain his new theory?After twenty years Charles Darwin changed his mind and explained his new theory because another biologist also had the same idea.The two of them worked together.2 What was the public reaction to his book The
14、 Origin of Species?The public reaction to the new theory was very fierce.(Everybody was forced to take sides in the debate between the biologists and the Christian Church.Even the Prime Minister of the day,Benjamin Disraeli,was asked his opinion.He said Is man an ape or an angel?Now I am on the side
15、 of the angels.)4 How did he handle the criticism?He particularly upset all the followers of the Christian church who believed that the Bible came directly from God and therefore every word must be true.He handled the criticism with tact and patience.3 Who did he upset?Why did he upset them?The year
16、 is 1860.Fred Jones(F J)is interviewing Charles Darwin(CD)for a newspaper.WHERE DID HUMANS COME FROM?Listening textFJ:Hello,Mr Darwin,Im your interviewer,Fred Jones.Today Im very glad youve come from London to talk to me.Now,Mr Darwin,I hear you have a new theory.What is it?CD:My theory of evolution
17、 states that all animals originally came from other earlier species.It took millions of years.In the old idea,the Bible assumed that God made all creatures and plants in six days.FJ:I see.What about human beings?CD:Well.I think people come from monkeys.FJ:That mustve upset Christians,I suppose.CD:In
18、deed,it upset all the Christians who believe that God made animals including people in six days.FJ:Why did you change your mind in 1858 and publish your idea nearly twenty years after you thought of it?I knew there would be a lot of trouble with the Christian church.So I spent twenty years collectin
19、g evidence that my theory was correct.CD:Well,in that year an unknown biologist wrote to me with the same idea.So I knew that I couldnt keep quiet any longer.But I wanted to be fair.So the two of us explained our ideas together in an important meeting in London.The next year I published On The Origi
20、n of Species where I explained all my ideas fully and included all my evidence.F J:Did many people think you were wrong?CD:Yes.It was as bad as I had feared.Church leaders thought I was wrong and told everyone to ignore my ideas.They said I was a bad Christian.Political leaders took sides.Many of th
21、em called me bad names and thought my ideas wereF J:What did you do?CD:I tried to behave well.For example:one day a girl asked me if I believed our ancestors were monkeys.I said I did.Then she asked where she came from.shocking.My family suffered a lot.It made my wife very upset.I looked at her She
22、was very beautiful.Id like to think that you came from a particularly beautiful family of monkeys.I said.She laughed.FJ:It sounds as if you dealt with the criticism well.Were you ever sorry that your idea was made public?CD:Sometimes.But I knew that my observations over twenty years proved my idea was correct.F J:So,twenty years of collecting evidence was a good example of perseverance and a true commitment to your theory.Thank you for talking to us.(fade out)Homework1.Review the passage and do some 2.exercises on Workbook.2.Try to grasp the words and expressions in the passage.
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