1、虚拟语气在英语中，表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气可以用于条件状语从句、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。本节课我们主要学习if条件从句和wish后的宾语从句中表示现在或将来情况的虚拟语气的用法。【观察体会】请看下图及对话，体会表示现在的虚拟语气的用法。A:Why dont our grandchildren visit us more often?B:They dont have enough time.If they had more time,theyd visit us more often.A:I wonder why Fred wor
2、ks so hard.B:I dont know.He must like his job.A:If he didnt like his job,he wouldnt work so hard.A:Do you enjoy driving a school bus?B:Not really.I wish I drove a taxi.A:Can Jonathan dance?B:No,he cant,but he wishes he could.If he could dance,hed go dancing every night.一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设
3、,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be 动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。虚拟语气e.g.If I were a boy,I would join the army.What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery,I wouldIf I had a lot of money,I would buy a villa.If I had a lot of money now,I wouldtravel around the world.If I
4、had a lot of money,I would go shopping.a.If they _(be)here,they _(take)your advice.b.If the world-war _(burst)out again,what _(happen)to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenc.If the policeman _(be not)in that room,it _(be)very dangerous.d.If I _(be)in your position,I _(ask)for teacher
5、s help.were notcould bewerewould askChoose one of the topics and discuss it in groups.1.You had a dream that you were a teacher.What would you do if you were a teacher?2.Suppose you won a lot of money.Whatwould you do with the money?If I _ a teacher,I would were(2)与过去的事实相反从句的谓语用had 过去分词,构成 If I(we,y
6、ou,he,they)had过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/might have 动词过去分词。If he _ more carefully,he_ the car accident yesterday.had drivenwould not have hadIf I _ how to swim,I _ trapped in this island.had learntwould not have beena.If Tom _(be)more careful in the exam,he _(pass)it already.b.If
7、 you _(get)up earlier,you _(catch)the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughtc.If I _(meet)you yesterday,we _(go)to the concert together.had metwould have goneSolve problems The students failed the English exam.Could you give him some suggestions?(3)与将来事实相反从句的谓语用If I(we,you,he,
8、they)动词过去式或 were to do 或should do 形式,主句谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/might 动词原形。If you succeeded,everything would beall right.If you should succeed,everything would be all right.If you were to succeed,everything would be all right.If he got up early,he would be on time.假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？If he wer
9、e to come,what should we say to him.假如他看见我,就会认识我。If he should see me,he would know me.a.If there _(be)no natural resource any more,we _(make)use of nuclear power.b.What _(happen)if you _(get up)too late tomorrow?should beshould makewould happenshould get upc.If Robots _(control)the world some day,he
10、re _(be)no friendship.were to controlwould be主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。e.g.If you had asked him yesterday,youwould know what to do now.例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。If the staff had been more careful,the mall would not be on fire now.条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在 过去时(were)would/could/sho
11、uld/might+v.(原)一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式过去 过去完成时would/could/should/might+have+p.p.条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式未来1.过去时2.should+v.3.were to dowould/could/should/might+v.(原)二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1.在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。(1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。I wish I wer
12、e as tall as you.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。The party was terrible,I wish I had never gone to it.(3)表示对将来的主观愿望:从句动词形式为“would动词原形”。注意:主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。e.g.但愿你立刻来。I wish you wo
13、uld come soon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.2.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即:1.insist 2.order,command 3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。e.g.我们建议汤姆去休息一下。We suggested that Tom(should)havea rest.He insisted that I(shou
14、ld)be present.他坚决要求我到场。The king ordered that the prisoners(should)be killed the next day.They requested that we(should)sendthem to work there.e.g.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)v.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desiree.g.I
15、ts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.insist/suggest 不接虚拟的用法e.g.She insisted that she was right.她坚持认为自己是对的。（坚持事实）His uncle insists that he should not stay in the h
16、otel.他的叔叔坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。e.g.The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.I suggested that the teachers wages (should)be increased.3.Its(about/high)time+(that)你该走了。Its time that you went.Its time that you should go.(should不可省略)should+v.过去时我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we shou
17、ld go to bed.as if/as though由as if(as though)或even though(even though)引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时,从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had过去分词”。He behaves as if he owned the house.(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.)She talks about Rome as though shehad been there herse
18、lf.他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。He treats me as if I were a stranger.注意:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。Even if she were here,she could not solve the problem.4.would rather(that)现在：过去：将来：I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone,too.Dont come.I would rather you cametomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时关于虚拟语气
19、辩析1关于虚拟语气 辩析2关于虚拟语气 辩析3关于虚拟语气 辩析4关于虚拟语气 辩析5根据语境或括号内的提示，用虚拟语气完成下列对话。1.A:Why doesnt Sally get good grades?B:She doesnt study enough.If _ _ _2.A:Why dont I feel energetic?B:You dont sleep enough.If _ _ she studied enough,shed get good grades.you slept enough,youd feel energetic.3.A:I wonder why Alan ma
20、kes so many mistakes.B:I dont know.He must be careless.A:Youre probably right.If _ _ _ he werent careless,he wouldnt make so many mistakes.4.A:Does Mr.Robinson enjoy being a teacher?B:Not really._ _(an actor)He wishes he were an actor.5.A:Does Sarah enjoy having two part-time jobs?B:Not really._ _(o
21、ne good fulltime job)She wishes she had one good full-time job.6.A:Can Steve use a computer?B:No,he cant,but he wishes he could._ _(be able to get a better job)If he could use a computer,hed be able to get a better job.句型练习(用If I were you句型翻译下列句子)1.我要是你的话,我就会把英语学好。2.如果你昨天来,你就会看见他。3.万一明天下雨,我们就不到那儿去。4.我希望我十年前认识他。5.他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。
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