1、Grammar&Function来源:学科网ZXXKModule4 Great ScientistsGrammar1.Revision of the passive voice (6)2.by+doing(2)3.高考直击The passive voiceStep1:Activity 1 on Page 33.a.一般现在时：am/is/are+p.p.b.&c.一般过去时：was/were+p.p.d.一般将来时：will be+p.p.e.现在完成时：has/have been+p.p.过去将来时：would be+p.p.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+p.p.过去进行时：w
2、as/were+being+p.p.过去完成时：had+been+p.p.谓语形式Step2被动语态的用法1.不清楚或没有必要说明动作的执行者时，一般都要使用被动语态。2.以动作的承受者为谈话的中心(一般要接带by的介词短语)时，一般都要使用被动语态。e.g.Your dictionary was found in the garden.你的词典在花园里找到了。e.g.His kite is being mended by Uncle Wang.他的风筝正在被王叔叔修理。Step3.主动语态变为被动语态应注意的事项1)主动语态在变为被动语态时，时态要保持一致，但谓语用单数或复数则由变化后的主语
3、的数来确定。They saw his daughter at the station.His daughter was seen by them at the station.他们在车站看到了他女儿。2)不及物动词没有被动语态，常见的有come,go,fall,happen,last,arrive,die等。来源:Zxxk.Com自1978年以来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。【误】My hometown has been taken place great changes since 1978.【正】Great changes have taken place in my hometown si
4、nce 1978.3)有些动词有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，其中一个宾语变为主语后，另一个宾语仍保留在谓语之后。The old man was given only a piece of bread for supper.这位老人仅被给了一块面包当作晚饭。4)动词短语变为被动语态时，短语中的介词和副词不能省略。The young man was sent away last month.那个小伙子上个月被解雇了。5)feel,have,hear,make,see,watch,listen to等动词后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。这些动词变为被动语态后，其后的不定式仍需带to(let通常不用
5、于被动语态)。He is made to finish his homework tonight.他被强迫今晚做完作业。Task4.主动语态表示被动意义英语中，有许多句子的主动语态可以表示被动意义，这些主动句一般都用表示物的词作主语。常见的有以下几种情况：1)有许多动词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。The food tastes delicious.这食物尝起来味道很鲜美。2)及物动词need,want,require等词之后接动名词表示
6、被动意义，它可以转化为表示被动的动词不定式结构。The rooms want tidying.The rooms want to be tidied.这些房间需要整理3)有些形容词之后的不定式用主动语态也可以表示被动意义。The work is easy for me to do.这项工作对我来说很容易做4)当动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰的名词或代词构成 动宾关系时，其主动形式表示被动意义。I have some questions to ask.我有一些问题要问。5)在“疑问词what/which/whom不定式”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。I really dont know w
7、hat to do next.我真的不知道下一步该干什么。She will tell you which to choose.她将告诉你选哪个。6)有些动词的主动形式表示被动含义。这类动词是一些表示主语的特征、性质的不及物动词，如sell,wash,wear,shut,open,read,write,cut,end,begin等。连系动词look,feel,taste,smell,sound等，也是用主动形式表示被动意义，但后面要接形容词作表语，不能接副词。The cloth looks good and washes well.这种布料美观易洗。Task5:有些动词形式上是被动的，但含义却是
8、主动的。He was dressed in a policemans clothes at that time.他当时穿着警服。He was drunk at the dinner party.他在宴会上喝醉了。The girl was lost in the forest.这女孩在森林中迷路了。My uncle has been engaged in the study of cotton growing for 20 years.我叔叔从事棉花生产研究已经20年了。The boy was seated on a chair.那男孩坐在一把椅子上。They are hidden behind
9、 the trees.他们藏在树后。The soldiers were stationed on the top of the mountain.士兵们驻扎在了山顶上。来源:Zxxk.ComStep6:Finish Activities 2,3 and 4.Note:1.Passive voice 2.the Tense3.Check the answers.Choose some students to read out their answers1.by.表示“靠，用，凭借，以某种方式进行”等，引导的成分作为方式状语。I tried to wake up my wife by ringin
10、g the doorbell,but she was fast asleep.我按响了门铃，试图唤醒我的妻子，但她睡得很熟。She earned money by writing.她通过写作赚钱。2.Finish Activity 2 on Page35.bydoing的用法高考直击1.Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.(2010天津卷，10)A.are exhibiting B.is exhibiting C.are
11、 being exhibited D.is being exhibited2.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they _before leaving their hometowns.(2010福建卷，28)A.promised B.were promised C.have promised D.have been promised3.In the spoken English of some areas in the US.the“r”sounds at the end of
12、the words_.(2010北京卷，22)A.are dropped B.drop C.are being dropped D.have dropped4.This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year.(2010湖南卷，24)A.was named B.named C.is named D.names5.It is reported that many a new house_at present in the disaster area.Aare being built Bwere being built Cwas b
13、eing built Dis being built (2010陕西卷，24)6.Linda,make sure the tables_before the guests arrive.A.be set B.set C.are set D.are setting (2010全国卷，15)7.There were many talented actors out there just waiting_.Ato discover Bto be discovered Cdiscovered Dbeing discovered (2010江西卷，32)FunctionTalking about numbersTask1:Finish the Activity1&Activity2 and make necessary explanation.Task2:注意事项：1.多位数2.分数3.百分数4.小数5.其他：电话号码，温度，年月日和具体的时间参考：导学案 Page95
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