1、Unit 4Breaking boundariesPeriod 3Using language语法精析课形式主语it用法语法精讲透析【体验悟】阅读句子,回答以下问题。原句1 But it is vital not to take any chances.原句2 It is so inspiring to have colleagues like Hassan,Maisy,Alfonso,no to mention all the others I have worked with.原句3In a world still facing so many problems,it is absolut
2、ely essential for us all to collaborate to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity.原句4It is no use crying over spilt milk.【生产得】it置于句首代替不定式_,_,_it置于句首代替动名词_12 34【研学析】.基本用法当不定式、动名词和名词性从句用作主语时,为了避免头重脚轻,通常在句首使用形式主语it,而把真正的主语放在句末。*Is it necessary to tell him the truth about
3、 the matter?有必要告诉他这件事的真相吗?.常用it作形式主语的几种句式1.It is/was+形容词+(+for sb.+)动词不定式强调动作特征的形容词,如easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,wise等,常用于此句型。为了强调不定式动作的执行者,常在不定式前加for sb.。*Its necessary for us to master some basic living skills.我们有必要掌握一些基本的生活技能。2.It+be+形容词(+of sb.)+动词不定式表示心理品质或性格特征的形容词常用于此类句型,如kind,nice,
4、stupid,clever,foolish,polite,impolite,silly,selfish,considerate等,动作的逻辑主语和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构,因此这样的句式也可转化为“sb.+be+adj.to do sth.”*It is foolish of you to trust a person like him.You are foolish to trust a person like him.你相信像他这样的人是愚蠢的。3.It is/was+名词(短语)+动词不定式*It is our duty to help the weak and the poor.扶
5、弱济贫是我们的责任。4.It+be+名词或形容词+动名词常用名词和形容词:no good,no use,a waste of.,useless.*It is no use arguing about the matter with him.和他争论这件事是没有用的。5.It is/was+形容词+主语从句*It is uncertain whether the project will be completed this fall.这个项目能否在今年秋天完成还不确定。6.It is/was+名词(短语)+主语从句常用的名词:a fact,a pity,a shame,a surprise等。*
6、It is no surprise that he has been accepted by the company.他被这家公司录用了,这并不奇怪。7.It is/was+过去分词+主语从句用于此类句型的过去分词有said,reported,thought,announced,believed,suggested,decided,hoped等。*It is believed that the boy will soon recover from the operation.人们相信这个男孩手术后不久就会康复。8.It+seems/appears/happens+主语从句*It appears
7、 that people are more dependent on the Internet.人们似乎更依赖互联网了。9.It+takes(sb.)+时间+动词不定式*It took the workers three years to complete the project.工人们花了三年时间完成这项工程。【点拨迷津】.形式主语it与强调句中it的差别:形式主语itit是句子的形式主语,真正的主语是句末that引导的主语从句,如果去除句中的it和that,则句子失去完整性强调句式it强调句结构为“it is/was+被强调部分+that+句子其余部分”,结构词it is/was和that
8、都无实际意义,删掉it is/was及that后句意不受影响It is strange that he should say I am unfair.(it充当形式主语)真奇怪,他竟然说我不公平。It was in the park that they fell in love with each other at the first sight.(强调句式it)他们是在这个公园里一见钟情的。.在it is/was+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.句型中for和of的选择取决于形容词的特性:(1)体现动作的特征选用介词for(2)体现人的心理品质或性格特征选用介词of*It
9、is important for the learners to know about the basic sentence structures.对学习者来说,了解基本的句子结构是很重要的。It was considerate of him to send me a birthday gift.他送给我生日礼物,考虑得真周到。.可以转换的三个it作形式主语的句型:(1)It is/was+adj.+of sb.to do sth.转换为:sb.+be+adj.+to do sth.*It is kind of you to offer me a hand.You are kind to of
10、fer me a hand.你能帮我真是太好了。(2)It be+过去分词(said/believed/reported等)+that从句*It is believed that he is the greatest leader in history.He is believed to be the greatest leader in history.人们相信他是历史上最伟大的领袖。(3)It seems/appears/happens+that引导的名词性从句*It happened that we were working on the same project.We happened
11、 to be working on the same project.碰巧我们在做同一个项目。【内化用】.用恰当的句式结构填空1.(2018天津高考)_ was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.2.(2020浙江高考)_ is not my intention _point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection.ItthatItto3.(2018天津高考)_ was a
12、tradition for the schools old team _(play)against the new team at the end of spring practice.4.(2019浙江高考)_was your constant encouragement _ inspired me to be confident.5.Coming out of this experience,I realize _ is OK _(be)different from others.Itto playItthatto beit.句型转换1.To get everything done in
13、such a short time is impossible._ 2.Whether we can make it to the camp before dark is uncertain._ 3.That he has appeared on TV several times is true._ It is impossible to get everything done in such a short time.It is uncertain whether we can make it to the camp before dark.It is true that he has ap
14、peared on TV several times.4.I happened to have read his book before._5.It is said that they are developing a new product._ 6.They seemed to be quite interested in the given topic._It happened that I had read his book before.They are said to be developing a new product.It seemed that they were quite
15、 interested in the given topic.【常温故勤总结】It用法真是多,基础知识莫错过;事物、婴儿、不熟者,it替代要把握;描述时间与空间,还有天气和温度;形式主语和宾语,老师天天嘴边说;强调句中是一员,it家族的另类哥。.用it作形式主语的形式改写下列句子1.To persuade him to accept our term is impossible._him to accept our term.2.That he is always forgetting things worries us._he is always forgetting things.课时素养
16、达标It is impossible to persuadeIt worries us that3.When the school will reopen has not been decided._ hasnt been decided _ the school will reopen.4.How they found the old map is not so important._how they found the old map.5.They are likely to lose the chance to work there._theyll lose the chance to
17、work there.ItwhenIt is not so importantIt is likely that.用it作形式主语的句式结构完成句子1._the children should get more chances to get close to nature.有人建议,孩子们应该有更多机会去接近大自然。2._the plan by the general manager is more workable.总经理的方案似乎更可行。3._when I got back to my apartment _ I came across my new neighbor.当我回到公寓时,我才
18、偶然见到我的新邻居。It is suggested thatIt seems thatIt wasthat4._it was Mothers Day today.我忽然想到,今天是母亲节。5._the Internet has promoted the culture exchanges worldwide.人们认为互联网促进了世界范围的文化交流。It occurred to me thatIt is thought that语法填空(2020泰安高二检测)Last week,100 restaurants across Shanghai advocated the use of servin
19、g utensils(器具),as it is a key point for the control and 1._(prevent)of COVID-19.Chinese people often eat together and share their 2._(dish)with others.The new system suggests 3._(add)separate chopsticks and spoons for serving when people dine together.Such a change of etiquette(礼仪)allows diners 4._(
20、avoid)using their own chopsticks to pick food from the plates,and therefore 5._(great)reduces the chances of spread of many diseases.Many restaurants 6._(adopt)the policy after the Municipal Office for Civilized Society published the suggestion,7._also encourages the public to use separate utensils
21、for shared food at home.According to Qu Qi,a person in charge 8._ a restaurant in Xuhuidistrict,a sign 9._(put)up on the tables to inform people of the importance of using serving utensils,since the start of business on February 21.The waiters and waitresses are also trained to supply a separate spo
22、on or pair of chopsticks for the diners.So far,10._ service has been well accepted by the majority of the public.This will be a long-term measure.In the future,each diner on the table will have their own serving chopsticks and spoons so as to prevent sharing of any manner of viruses and bacteria.【语篇
23、概述】本文是新闻报道。上海100家餐馆在新型冠状病毒疫情防控形势下倡议就餐使用公筷公勺。这样做的最大好处是能减少交叉感染和病从口入。1.【解析】prevention。考查名词。空前的连词and连接了两个由定冠词the修饰的名词,故此处用所给动词的名词形式。故填prevention。2.【解析】dishes。考查名词复数。dish是可数名词,且由their修饰,故要用它的复数。故填dishes。3.【解析】adding。考查非谓语动词。句意:新制度建议人们在一起进餐时增加独立的筷子和勺子。suggest 要接所给词的动名词形式作宾语。故填adding。4.【解析】to avoid。考查非谓语动词
24、。句意:这种礼仪上的变化使得就餐者避免用自己的筷子从盘子里夹菜,从而极大地减少了疾病传播的机会。allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。故填to avoid。5.【解析】greatly。考查副词。此处用所给词的副词形式修饰动词reduces。故填greatly。6.【解析】adopted。考查动词时态。句意:很多饭店在市文明社会办公室公布这一建议后采用了这项政策。文中after引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时,由此可知,填空处要用所给动词的过去式。故填adopted。7.【解析】which。考查定语从句。句意:很多饭店在市文明社会办公室公布这一建议后采用了这项政策,这也鼓励公众
25、在家里分享食物时使用独立的器具。分析句子结构可知,该空所在的部分是一个非限制性定语从句,且从句缺少主语,而先行词为suggestion,故要用关系代词which。故填which。8.【解析】of。考查介词。句意:根据负责徐汇区一家饭店的屈奇所说,从2月21日开始营业以来,桌子上已经摆放了一种标志牌来告知人们使用公共餐具的重要性。in charge of意为“主管,负责”。故填of。9.【解析】has been put。考查动词时态和语态。根据句中的since the start of business on February 21可知,此处要用现在完成时,而sign与put之间又为被动关系,故要用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been put。10.【解析】the。考查冠词。句意:到目前为止,这项服务为大多数公众所接受。此处service指“提供公共餐具的服务”,用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
