1、The Third Period Grammar课题必修3模块5 拓展阅读课时5授课班级考点、知识点文章中出现的重点短语和语言知识点学习目标1. 掌握阅读文章中出现的重点短语和语言点的用法。2. 学会分析句子和归纳总结知识点。重、难点1. 重点：重点短语和语言点的理解和运用；2. 难点：句子的分析和知识点的归纳； 必修三Module5The Third Period GrammarTeaching goals 教学目标1 Target language目标语言a重点词汇和短语 sutra, inventor, argumentb重点句子Ancient China was a place whe
2、re states were often at war with each other.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.He came from a family which was very poor2 Ability goals 能力目标Learn to define
3、 relative clauses.3 Learning ability goals 学能目标Let the students learn how to define relative clauses.Teaching important points教学重点a. Teach the use of relative clauses.b. The relative clauses: where, when, whose, who, which and the relative clauses: of whom, in which.Teaching difficult points教学难点Comp
4、are the relative clauses: where, when, whose, who, which and the relative clauses: of whom, in which.Teaching methods教学方法a. Teach grammar in real situationsb. Learn grammar through practiceTeaching aids教具准备A blackboardTeaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式Step I Revision Check the homework on workbook.As
5、k the students to retell the text again.Step II Preparation T: An adjective clause is used to describe a noun: A relative clause acts as a clause that modifies a noun or pronoun. Relative clauses begin with a relative pronoun (who, whom, which, that, whose). Relative clauses can either be restrictiv
6、e or nonrestrictive. A restrictive relative clause is essential in order to complete the meaning of the main clause.Examples: Where is the girl who is going?Thats the one that I like best.Is he the one whose house is on fire?A nonrestrictive relative clause adds definition to the main clause, but is
7、 not necessary for meaning. Nonrestrictive relative clauses are set off by commas.Examples: That girl, who is going to the concert, has a green dress.The orange car, which is my favorite, has seating for six.The tuba player, whose house is on fire, just went to band practice.The desk in the corner,
8、which is covered in books, is mine.We dont need this information in order to understand the sentence. The desk in the corner is mine is a good sentence on its own - we still know which desk is referred to. Note that non-defining clauses are usually separated by commas, and that is not usually used i
9、n this kind of context.Step III Grammar 1T: Now please go through the text to find all the relative clauses in the text and then tell us if they give essential or extra information.Several minutes later.S1: Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. Its a restrictive r
10、elative.S2: But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers. Its a restrictive relative.S3: Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. Its a restrictive relative.S4: Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to that of Confucius. Its a restrictiv
11、e relative.S5: Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is man is good. Its a restrictive relative.S6: Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. Its a restrictive relative.S7: He came from a family which was very poor. Its a restrictive relative.S8: As a result, he
12、 spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings. Its a restrictive relative.S9: Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than us. Its a restrictive relative.T: Very good. Step IV ExplanationT: A relative pronoun is usually
13、used to introduce an adjective clause. Do you know the use of who, which, where, when and whose? Now look at the activity 2 and tell me your answers.S1: Who follows a word referring to a person.S2: Which follows a word referring to a thing.S3: Instead of which you can say that.S4: Where follows a wo
14、rd that refers to a place.S5: When follows a word that refers to time.S6: Whose means of whom.T: Excellent work. These main relative pronouns are very important in these sentences, so we should use them skillfully. Can you match the two parts of the sentences by using them?S1: Confucius lived in a c
15、entury when there were a lot of wars.S2: Ancient China was a country where there were a lot of new ideas.S3: Some rulers followed the advice which Mencius gave.S4: Philosophers were people whose ideas were very influential.S5: Mozi was a man who lived an unusual life.T: Yes, good job. Summarize:T: W
16、ed better go on to do another task. When you finish it, you should summarize the uses of who, whom, which, where, when and whose. First complete the sentences individually and then check your answers with your partners. At last Ill ask you to report your work.Teachers go around the class to help the
17、 students to do it and correct some mistakes.S1: Mencius wrote a book which many people have read.S2: Mencius came from a part of the world where change was happening fast.S3: This was a period when many people became interested in Confuciuss teaching.S4: Mozi was a man whose behavior was often unus
18、ual.S5: Mozi was a teacher whose principle was different from those of Confucius.S6: It was a time when philosophers could have positions in governments.S7: He came from an area where people were very poor.T: Jolly good. I know you have known a lot about the relative clauses. Now can you give me a s
19、ummary?Ss: Yes. We use relative clauses and relative pronouns like who, which, where to introduce them in order to identify people and things or to give more information about them. The main relative pronouns are: Which is used for things and animals in subject or object position; Who is used for hu
20、mans in subject position; Whom is used for humans in object position; That is used for humans, animals and things, in subject or object position; whose is used for humans or animals in attribute position.Step V Grammar 2T: Please turn your book to Page 47 Activity 1. Match the sentences in the two g
21、roups, which have the same meanings and see what differences between them.S1: The first sentence can be replaced by C.S2: The second sentence can be replaced by D.S3: The third sentence can be replaced by B.S4: The fourth sentence can be replaced by A.S5: In the first group, the prepositions are put
22、 before the relative pronouns.T: Do you think the differences have influenced the meanings of the sentences?Ss: No. They still have the same meanings.T: Lets look at some more sentences on the screen. Read aloud by yourselves and show us what you have learnt.1. Near where I live theres a wood where
23、you can find woodpeckers.2. Near where I live theres a wood in which you can find woodpeckers. 3. The fancy-dress party, where the men all turned up as gangsters, was held in Manhatten.4. The fancy-dress party, at which the men all turned up as gangsters, was held in Manhatten. Ss: From the above se
24、ntences, we know in which and at which are sometimes used as more precise sounding alternatives to where to introduce relative clauses after nouns referring to place.T: Lets look at the sentences on the screen. Read aloud by yourselves and show us what you have learnt.1. The day when Im forced to gi
25、ve up riding will be a sad day for me.2. The day on which Im forced to give up riding will be a sad day for me. Ss: On which is sometimes used as a more precise sounding alternative to when to introduce relative clauses after nouns referring to time.T: Please note that in questions the preposition i
26、s more frequently placed at the end of the clause. It can also be placed before the relative pronoun where it sounds more formal. Now lets look at the following sentences again and see what information we can get from them.1. The people with whom he worked have all been arrested. (Formal) 2. The peo
27、ple (who) he worked with have all been arrested. (Informal)3. This is the bedroom in which he was murdered. (Formal) 4. This is the bedroom (that) he was murdered in. (Informal) Ss: From the examples above we know that putting the preposition at the end of the clause is usually also possible in stat
28、ementsSs: From these examples we know that in statements when the preposition is placed at the end of the clause, we can use that instead of who or which, or we can omit the relative pronoun completely!T: A wide range of prepositions are often used in prepositional structures with relative pronouns
29、who and which to introduce relative clauses. In most cases, the prepositions retain their original meaning. When the relative pronoun is placed immediately after the preposition we cant use who instead of whom, and we cant use that or zero pronoun either. Would you like more practice? Please finish
30、the task in Activity 4. You can do this with your partners. Ill ask you to report your work in a few minutes.S1: Were in the region in which printing was first invented.S2: It is an invention of which he is proud.S3: He is a man of whom I am afraid because he was invented something very dangerous.S4
31、: The machine is very old at which you are looking.S5: Is that the inventor to whom you are talking.Step VI HomeworkT: In this lesson we have learnt more about the relative clauses. Please review the grammar after the class. In order to master what we learnt, you ought to finish todays homework.1. Please find some more information about the relative clause in your reference books.2. Finish the exercises on Page 91, in your textbook.
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