VOA慢速英语《农业报道》文本：第16课.doc

1、高考资源网（ ），您身边的高考专家英语翻议讲解：这里是VOA特别英语农业报道。从人类历史之初，人们就使用种子和坚果榨油了。大多数时候，这些油都用在食品，尤其是烹调方面。但是，有时，油也有其他用途。例如，油可以用于油漆和洗涤用品，比如肥皂。油是通过压榨的方法从种子中分离出来的，通常使用压榨机。有时，你了解到种子中含有多少油时会感到非常吃惊。例如，芝麻，棉花和向日葵的种子含油量至少为50%。大豆是世界上另外一种重要的种子，但是含油量仅为20%。用大豆榨油时必须加入化学物质。用种子榨油的第一步是用两块石头用力挤压这些种子。将压过的种子放入布袋中，将布袋悬挂起来。其中一些油会从布袋中流出来，可以将这些

2、油收集起来。但是有些油会留在布袋内的压过的种子内。获得剩下的油的最简单方法就是，在压过的种子上面放一块很重的岩石。另外一个方法是在一个箱子内重叠防治几个布袋，然后用长木棍缓慢的在这些袋子上放一个沉重的覆盖物，这样会产生很大的压力。如果用机器，比如水压千斤顶，产生的压力更大。压力越大，产生的油越多。油也可以用小型的，手工操作的机器来收集。在不能使用电力或汽油的地方，小型压榨机非常重要，也是测试油在当地是否具有市场的一个方法。少量压榨机可以在用当地材料制造，成本低廉，操作简便，修理容易。这些小型压榨机生产的油质量也比较高。但是工作很辛苦，也不容易将种子中所有的油压榨出来。如果有大量种子，那么手工操

3、作的压榨机就不足以支撑企业了。这时候需要大型，电力支撑的，而且可以全天运作的压榨机。用种子榨油的指引可以从EnterpriseWorks/VITA组织获得。出版物可以通过enterpriseworks.org预定，点击News & Resources链接就可以了。1.contain v.包含,包括,容纳;遏制,抑制,克制例句：This statement contains many muddled ideas. 这段话里有很多糊涂思想。 Cows milk and eggs also contain antimicrobial substances. 牛奶和蛋也含有抗菌物质。2.rel

4、ease v.释放,解放,放松,豁免,免除,发表例句：Fine arts allowed him to release his natural gifts. 美术使他得以发挥自己的天赋才能。 The party set out released its manifesto yesterday. 该党昨天发表了它的声明。3.crush v.压破,征服,冲入,弄皱,挤入例句：Several people were crushed to death by the falling rocks. 有几个人被落下的岩石压死了。 Wine is made by crushing grapes. 葡萄酒是压榨

5、葡萄制成的。4.hang v.悬挂例句：My mother gave me a cross to hang on my bedroom wall. 母亲给了我一个十字架，挂在我卧室的墙上。 5.available adj.可用的或可得到的；可会见的, 可与之交谈的；有空的例句：There is a guest bedroom available in our beach house. 我们的海边别墅里还有一间客房。 The number of wild cards available varies from tournament to tournament. 外卡参赛选手的人数因为比赛不同而不

6、同。 6.place vt.放置，安排，使处于某处境环境1.Oil is separated from seeds by using pressure. A machine called a press is often used.separate from 分开，区别 This lake is separated from the rest of the camp site by a fence. 这个湖被用栅栏与营地的其他地方分开。 You do not need to separate the car body from the chassis. 你不需要把汽车车身与底盘分开。2.The

7、y are also a good way to test if a local market for oil exists. a good way to不定式做后置定语不定式在句中做定语通常做后置定语，即放在被修饰名词或代词后。它通常有以下几种用法：(一)不定式常可用来修饰物，表示要做某事。如：1.The next train to arrive was from NewYork.下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。2.I have nothing to say on this question.在这个问题上，我没有什么话要说。3. We are looking for somewhere to

8、 live.我们正在找一个地方住。(二)不定式还可用来修饰人。如：1.He was the first guest to arrive.他是第一个到达的客人。2.Miss Brown was the next person to rise to speak.布朗小姐是下一个起来发言的人。3.He was a brave man to do what he did.他是个勇者才有这样的行为。(三)很多特定的名词后也可用不定式做定语，这样的名词常用的有：way，time，reason，chance，opportunity，need，wish，effort，right，ambition等。如：1.I

9、ts time for you to get up and go to school.你该起床去上学了。2.There is no reason to doubt his word.没有理由怀疑他的话。3.They have now an opportunity to go abroad to study further.他们现在有机会出国深造。(四)某些动词或形容词后可接不定式时，它相应的同根名词也常用不定式做定语。如：1.He made an attempt to learn English well.他试图学好英语。(attempt to do sth)2.His ability to

10、get on with people is his chief advantage.他能和人相处是他的主要优势。(be able to do sth)3.I dont trust his promise to come for a visit.我不相信他来访的诺言。(promise to do sth)4.Her anxiety to succeed led her to work hard.她迫切想成功，这促使她努力工作。(be anxious to do sth)此外，当不定式中的动词与所修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系且动词为不及物动词时，需用“不定式+介词”的结构，这种情况下的介词不能省略

11、。如：1.I need a pen to write with.我需要一支笔写字。2.Give me some paper to write on.给我一些纸写字。(这种不定式+介词做定语的形式也可转换成：介词+which+todo做定语，如上面的第一句I need a pen to write with.可转换为I need a pen with which to write.)不定式做定语除了原形to do外，还会下面的形式，即：不定式的被动形式to be done，不定式的完成时to have done.如：1.There is no need to have bought a new

12、pair of shoes for me.没有必要给我买一双新鞋。(to have bought意为“已买”).2.There are plans to be made at once.要立即制定计划。(表示计划被制定)3.He was the second man to be killed this way.他是第二个这样被杀害的人。(表示这个人被杀害)注意：当不定式做定语时，有两种情况可用不定式的主动表被动。1.There be句型中不定式to do和to be done都可表被动，可以不区别。如：There are a lot of things to do/to be done thi

13、s afternoon.今天下午有许多事要做。2.当不定式与所修饰词有动宾关系同时又与本句中的另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系时，可用不定式的主动形式to do表示被动含义。如：Mr.Smith，I have some questions to ask.史密斯先生，我有一些问题要问。(不定式to ask的动作执行者是主语I)Please give me somebooks to read.请给我一些书读。(不定式to read的动作执行者是句中的me)但：Im going to the post office;do you have anything to be sent？我要去邮局，你有什么要寄

14、的东西吗？(此句中send这个动作不是句中you发出的，所以用了被动)英语听力原文：This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.From the beginning of human history, people have used oils from seeds and nuts. Most of the time these oils are used as food, especially in cooking. But sometimes they have other uses. For example, oils are

15、used in paint and in cleaning products like soap.img is separated from seeds by using pressure. A machine called a press is often used. Sometimes it is surprising to learn how much oil the seeds contain. Sesame, cotton and sunflower seeds, for example, all contain at least fifty percent oil.Soybean

16、is an important seed around the world, but it is only twenty percent oil. So chemicals are needed to release oil from soybeans.The first step in pressing the oil from seeds is to crush the seeds between two stones. The crushed seeds are then put into a cloth bag and the bag is hung up. Some of the o

17、il will flow out of the bag and can be collected.But some oil will remain in the crushed seeds inside the bag. The easiest way to get the rest of the oil out is to place heavy rocks on the crushed material.Another method is to place several cloth bags on top of each other in a box. Then a long woode

18、n stick is used to slowly push a heavy cover down on the bags. Great pressure is produced in this way. Much greater pressure can be produced by using a machine, a hydraulic jack. The greater the pressure, the more oil will be produced.Oil can also be collected with small, hand-operated machines. Sma

19、ll presses are important in areas where electricity or gasoline cannot be used. They are also a good way to test if a local market for oil exists.Small batch presses can be made of local materials. Their cost is low. They are not difficult to operate. And they are easy to repair. The small presses p

20、roduce good quality oil. But the work is hard. And getting all the oil from the seeds can be difficult.If there is a large supply of seeds, then hand-operated presses may not be enough to support a business. Large, powered presses that can operate all day are needed.Guides to activities like removin

21、g oil from seeds and nuts are available from the organization EnterpriseWorks/VITA. These publications can be ordered for a charge at enterpriseworks.org. Click on the News & Resources link.Transcripts, MP3 and archives of our reports can be found at . You can also follow us on Twitter and YouTube at VOA Learning English. Im Steve Ember.欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。