1、第三部分 高考题型突破题型一 阅读理解题组1 细节理解题Passage 12021 河北六校联考语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间应用文历史遗迹之旅2704分钟Magical History TourJoin us for our fifth annual exploration of fascinating historic sites around Greater Portland that youve never seen or maybe didnt even know! The Magical History Tour is your key to unlocking fascinatin
2、g historical places that are not usually open to the public. It is a self-guided adventure which is guaranteed to amaze and amuse both adults and children. Equipped with a map,and at your own pace, you will be greeted by guides at each location ready to share the history of the tour stop.In the 5th
3、year of the Magical History Tour,we will be presenting an exciting mix of both new sites and favorites from the past four years.The Magical History Tour check-in begins at 9:45 am at Maine Historical Societys Brown Library. At this time,you will find out where the tour will take you as you receive y
4、our map and ticket into each site.Follow us on Twitter and Instagram for updates,chances to win tickets and some other exciting opportunities; and feel free to share your tour experiences to our social media pages using MHStour!Time:10:00 am 4:00 pm,Saturday,May 9,2020Location:485 Congress StreetTic
5、kets: Get your tickets online,by calling us at (207)774-1822,or by visiting our Museum Store at 489 Congress Street $25/AdultMHSMember;$35/Adult General Admission;$5/Junior under age 18.Volunteering: We need volunteers for the Magical History Tour! Volunteers help for half the day of the tour and ar
6、e given a free ticket to the tour to enjoy either before or after their volunteer shift!For more information,email us at eventsmainehistory.org or call us at (207)774-1822.1.Whats the purpose of the Magical History Tour? A. To explore unfamiliar historic sites.B. To visit some world-famous attractio
7、ns.C. To provide children with history classes.D. To make some private places known to the public.2.How much should a couple(one is MHS Member) and a kid pay?A. $55. B. $65. C. $75. D. $105.3.What can we learn from the text?A. You can buy a ticket by email.B. Tourists will only be guided by a map.C.
8、 Only new sites are available for the tour.D. Volunteers can take part in the tour for free.Passage 22021 哈尔滨部分学校第一次考试语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间应用文创新设计比赛2524分钟Innovative Designs for AccessibilityDeadline: 2021-04-30Award: $7,500Open to: University studentsThe Innovative Designs for Accessibility student competi
9、tion challenges students across Canada to use their creativity to develop innovative, cost-effective and practical solutions to accessibility barriers for people with disabilities.(Read more)Clean Tech CompetitionDeadline: 2021-04-13Award: $28,000Open to: Students(13-15 years old)The Clean Tech Comp
10、etition is a unique, worldwide research and design challenge for pre-college youth. The competition is designed to build a deeper understanding of STEM(science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) related concepts, recognize outstanding talent, and prepare the next generation of globally compe
11、titive innovators.(Read more)Agile Robotics CompetitionDeadline: 2021-04-10Award: $17,500 Open to: AdultsThe Agile Robotics Competition is a simulation-based(基于仿真的) competition designed to promote agility(灵活) in industrial robot systems by employing the latest advances in artificial intelligence and
12、 robot planning. The competition will be held virtually(虚拟地), so there is no need to travel to compete. The competition will use the Gazebo simulation tool.(Read more)Wearable Robotics Innovation ChallengeDeadline: 2021-04-24Award: $5,000Open to: EveryoneThe Wearable Robotics Association is inviting
13、 entries that represent the most innovative new ideas in wearable robotic technology. The review committee will select as many as ten finalists. The one considered to be the most innovative will be announced at the conference and will receive $5,000 to accelerate the new technology.1.Which competiti
14、on favors competitors with a creative mind in helping the disabled?A. Clean Tech Competition.B. Innovative Designs for Accessibility.C. Agile Robotics Competition.D. Wearable Robotics Innovation Challenge.2.Whats the aim of Clean Tech Competition?A. To make research about STEM.B. To encourage univer
15、sity students to be innovators.C. To help students prepare for the university.D. To find talented teenagers and develop their ability to innovate.3.What can we know about the four competitions?A. They are open to everyone.B. Every competitor can get an award.C. They are held in April.D. They are hel
16、d virtually.Passage 32021贵州贵阳摸底考试语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文孔子学院3066分钟A group of Northern Ireland schoolchildren warmed the hearts of Chinese guests on a cold December day when they performed Chinese songs. The children had rehearsed(排练) for six weeks,with the help of Mandarin teachers from the University of
17、Ulsters Confucius Institute.The performance on Friday, inside Belfasts elegant and historic Parliament Buildings, preceded (先于) a welcome dinner ahead of the third UK-China Regional Leaders Meeting on Saturday that was attended by more than 100 leaders from China. As trade relations between China an
18、d Northern Ireland grow, Mandarin has become more popular in the province. Fridays performance was given by children from Millburn Primary School and Grosvenor Grammar School, which both offer Mandarin lessons, thanks to the local Confucius Institute that was established in 2012. From its start, whi
19、ch saw two Mandarin teachers support 169 students, the University of Ulsters Confucius Institute had grown to comprise 51 teachers and 19,000 registered students by December,2017. A quarter of the institutes 161 partner primary and secondary schools have made Mandarin learning compulsory for certain
20、 age groups. And students also gain exposure to Chinese culture, including calligraphy, Chinese characters and music.Our Confucius Institute was established partly in response to existing demand from schools, said Liu Yan, director of the University of Ulsters Confucius Institute. While preparing to
21、 open the institute, her team sent out a survey to 1,241 primary and secondary schools in Northern Ireland. Around 500 responded by saying they would like to offer Mandarin lessons.The Chinese government launched the Confucius Institute concept in 2004 as a way of promoting the Chinese language and
22、culture abroad. Confucius Institutes are non-profit organizations and are affiliated(附属于) with Western academic institutions, including secondary schools and universities. By the time of December,2018, 548 Confucius Institutes had been established in 154 countries and regions.1.What is the local peo
23、ples attitude to the performance?A. Serious. B. Uninterested.C. Curious. D. Cautious.2.Mandarin is compulsory in about .A. 40 schools B. 100 schoolsC. 160 schools D. 169 schools3.Why is Confucius Institute set up in Northern Ireland?A. To compete with local schools.B. To meet local schools demands.C
24、. To trade with local people.D. To realize existing purposes.4.What was the purpose of launching the Confucius Institute concept in 2004?A. To earn more money.B. To know more people.C. To spread Chinese culture.D. To teach more students.Passage 42021吉林长春质量监测(一)语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文保护森林及动物3017分钟Earths fo
25、rests are emptying.Half of their inhabitants(栖息动物) have disappeared in the last 40 years, according to the latest report from the World Wildlife Fund(WWF).The report tracked populations of 268 species of forest-dwelling birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles worldwide between 1970 and 2014(the mos
26、t recent year for which data is available). The results show that forest animal populations have declined by 53% worldwide, and humans are to blame.More than 80% of all land animals, plants, and insect species call forests home. However, a combination of habitat destruction, hunting, the spread of i
27、nvasive species, climate change, and diseases is killing off forest animals, the researchers said.Without those animals, forests cant perform the functions we rely on, since animals pollinate(授粉) forest plants, spread seeds, and nourish the soil with their waste.Forests depend on a complete animal w
28、orld to perform functions essential to life, Susanne Winter, a program director at the WWF, told EcoWatch.One of the most critical roles forests play is in easing climate change. Trees suck enormous amounts of carbon dioxide out of the air. A recent study found that planting new trees over an area w
29、ith the size of the US could suck away two-thirds of all the carbon dioxide emissions that humans have emitted into the atmosphere.Without animals, it is harder for forests to absorb carbon dioxide, as tree species important for protecting the climate could be lost without animals, Winter said. With
30、out them, those trees would have difficulty reproducing and forests would lose their best carbon-storing trees.Forests are our greatest natural allies in the fight against global warming, Winter said. If we want to reverse the worldwide decline in biodiversity and prevent the climate crisis, we need
31、 to protect the forests and the species living there.1.What do we know from the passage?A. Half of earths forests have emptied.B. 268 forest-living species have died out.C. The number of forest animals has decreased.D. 80% of forest animals have lost their homes.2.How many reasons are mentioned for
32、the decrease of forest animals?A. Five. B. Four. C. Three. D. Two.3.What is the key function of forests mentioned in this passage?A. Nourishing the soil.B. Producing carbon dioxide.C. Pollinating forest plants.D. Easing climate change.4.Which of the opinions may Susanne Winter agree with?A. Forests
33、will disappear eventually.B. We cant reverse the decline in biodiversity.C. Forests can suck away all the carbon dioxide emissions.D. Animals are vital to forests when it comes to reproducing.Passage 52021河南洛阳统一考试语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文空腹锻炼3408分钟Are you the type to run before breakfast in the morning? Wor
34、king out on an empty stomach wont hurt you and it may actually help, depending on your goal.Exercising before eating comes with the risk of feeling light-headed due to low blood sugar. You might feel tired or uneasy, and wont be able to work out as enthusiastically as you would have. A light amount
35、of food is important for older adults over 55 before exercising especially in the morning. But if your primary exercise goal is weight loss, exercising on an empty stomach may come with some promising benefits. Theres some research to support the idea that working out in a fasted(禁食的) state can burn
36、 more fat than exercising in a fed state.Working out on an empty stomach, however, may also not prove true for everyone. Some people advocate for fasted exercise, but these people tend to be young and in amazing physical shape, says Douglas Paddon-Jones, a muscle physiology researcher and professor
37、of aging and health at the University of Texas Medical Branch. They have no health problems, and what theyre eating is of super-high quality and carefully regulated. On the other hand, working out in a fasted state without proper planning or professional oversight may run the risk of unhealthy body
38、composition changes.For people who arent athletes, fueling up with food before a workout may be the best way to get the most fat-burning benefit. You dont want to fill up; you just want to give your body a burst of energy to power your training period. After you exercise, drink some water but wait 6
39、0 to 90 minutes before eating, says Shivani Sahni, director of the nutrition program at Harvard Universitys Institute for Aging Research. Youre trying to take advantage of your promoted metabolic(新陈代谢的) rate after exercising, so if you can go an hour or an hour and a half without eating, youll maxim
40、ize the fat-burning response, says she.1.Why does the author suggest exercising in a fed state?A. To avoid being light-headed.B. To lower blood sugar.C. To burn more fat.D. To work out energetically.2.Who may tend to practise fasted exercise?A. Older adults. B. Seniors beyond 55.C. Professional athl
41、etes. D. Good-shaped athletes.3.Whats Shivani Sahnis suggestion for people after exercising?A. Developing a new lifestyle.B. Finding a fitness instructor.C. Going without food for a time.D. Drinking salty water after exercising.4.Which word best describes the authors attitude to working out in a fas
42、ted state?A. Skeptical. B. Cautious.C. Supportive. D. Subjective.Passage 62021 山东日照第一次校际联考语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间记叙文运动障碍3577分钟A young boy had a genetic disorder known as ADCY5-related dyskinesia. He was first diagnosed at the age of 3. His face and arms would involuntarily move, with episodes lasting from a
43、few seconds to 10 minutes. Sometimes, moving would cause the twitches(抽搐), while in other instances they would come seemingly at random. By age 11, he was experiencing up to 30 episodes each day, severely influencing his life. He struggled with day-to-day activities that require fine motor skills, l
44、ike writing in class, walking home from school, riding his bike, or taking part in sports.Caused by changes in the ADCY5 gene, the condition is characterized by involuntary movements, including twitching, shaking, and tensing muscles that can affect the face, arms, legs and neck. According to the U.
45、S. National Library of Medicine, at least 400 people have been diagnosed with the disease. These symptoms, which usually first appear in childhood or late adolescence, can happen day or night. Those with a severe form of the condition might have weak muscle strength, and their motor skills might dev
46、elop slower than other peoples.While symptoms are stable in some patients, they will worsen in others until middle age. The symptoms can be worsened by something such as tiredness and anxiety. There was currently no treatment available for ADCY5-related dyskinesia. However, French doctors were quite
47、 interested when a father with the disorder claimed he could prevent the unwanted movements by drinking coffee.So doctors decided to treat the boy with coffee to see if it might help because genetic tests revealed he had ADCY5-related dyskinesia. First, one cup of strong coffee containing around 100
48、mg of caffeine in the afternoon, and one before bed. After 45 minutes, his symptoms disappeared, with the effect lasting seven hours. Upping the dose to two cups in the afternoon and half a cup at bedtime almost entirely wiped out his episodes. The boy could write in class, walk home from school and
49、 ride his bike again.His doctors said his experiences amount to a real-life, double-blind experiment, and concluded coffee is a safe treatment for ADCY5-related dyskinesia.1.What caused the boys poor motor skills?A. An illness connected with a gene.B. The day-to-day activities in life.C. The random
50、twitches of the body.D. The involuntary move of the arms.2.What might a patient with ADCY5-related dyskinesia suffer?A. Weak bone strength.B. Childhood tiredness.C. Tensing muscles.D. Anxiety in adolescence.3.What inspired the doctors to find a cure for the disease?A. A cup of coffee.B. A mans exper
51、ience.C. A mistake in a genetic test.D. A double-blind experiment.4.Where is this text most likely from?A. A magazine. B. A guidebook.C. A novel. D. A diary.题组2 主旨大意题Passage 72021 湖北部分重点中学联考语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间记叙文志愿者帮助解救被困海豚2826分钟A group of volunteers joined forces to form a human chain to free four dolph
52、ins which had been stranded(搁浅) in a canal for four days. The four dolphins were seen in the water near the Fossil Park neighborhood in St. Petersburg, Florida, US, on Sunday. Experts from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission(FWC) had monitored the dolphins activities in the past fe
53、w days and hoped that they would swim out with the tide. But when the dolphins struggled to leave the canal, the brave volunteers joined members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Clearwater Marine Aquarium to form a rescue team to free them. Dozens of people gathered to
54、take videos and pictures of the kind act. A team of 14 volunteers held hands to act as a block to guide the dolphins out of the narrow channel. They shouted and patted the water with their hands to direct the dolphins to vast expanses of Riviera Bay. Dolphins find their way in the water through echo
55、location(回声定位). That means that they can recognize the echoes of sound waves that bounce off objects to find their way around.Andy Garrett, a biologist of the FWC said, We were able to keep that chain together. The dolphins were interested. They actually came over right away. He added that when the
56、team reached a bridge, the dolphins appeared a bit nervous and started doing some spins. They made one real hard pass at our team and then went under the bridge and took off, Garrett said. The operation lasted about 45 minutes and the rescue team did not use nets or any items that could stress the d
57、olphins.1.What can we know about the dolphins from Paragraph 1?A. They formed a chain to protect themselves.B. They lived in the water near the Fossil Park.C. They were observed in secret by volunteers.D. They were forced to stay in a canal for four days.2.Why did volunteers shout and pat the water?
58、A. To make sounds to attract some people.B. To guide the dolphins out to Riviera Bay.C. To celebrate the success of saving dolphins.D. To test the different reactions of the dolphins.3.What words could best describe the volunteers?A. Brave and caring. B. Cautious and humorous.C. Smart and ambitious.
59、 D. Optimistic and energetic.4.Whats the main idea of the text?A. Dolphins swam to the canal to hunt for food.B. Rescuers formed a human chain to save dolphins.C. Volunteers helped four dolphins escape from nets.D. Experts studied the ways of dolphins finding directions.Passage 82021四川成都摸底测试语篇类型主题词数
60、难度建议时间说明文5G应用于故宫博物院3347分钟When visitors to the Palace Museum feel a need to sit down for a cup of tea or find a bathroom without a long line, they soon will be able to turn to their smart phones for the information they need.This modern-day solution comes thanks to an agreement signed on Friday by th
61、e museum and Huawei Technologies Co., the telecommunication giant, to build a smart network using 5G technology. Under the agreement, 5G Wi-Fi signals will cover the Palace Museum, Chinas imperial palace from 1420 to 1924, and the branch museum of the institution under construction in northwestern B
62、eijing.Its essential to always stay close to the latest technology to better serve the public, said Shan Jixiang, former curator(馆长) of the Palace Museum. Shan said there is still much room for improvement in the handling of a huge number of cultural relics,such as when the priceless painting Along
63、the River During the Qingming Festival is exhibited again in the future. When it was last exhibited in 2015, visitors stood in long lines until 3 a.m. to get a glimpse. The museum ended up preparing instant noodles to serve the hungry visitors. I dont want that scenario to reoccur, Shan said. Our op
64、eration can be done in a more scientific way.The new system will also make use of the closed-circuit television cameras that are set up all over the Palace Museum to safeguard the museums precious relics. More than 1.86 million of them are housed at the museum, which recorded nearly 20 million visit
65、s from the public last year, topping all museums worldwide. How can we make sure no single visitor who might have evil ideas threatens these treasures? Shan said. After adopting the Internet of things, we can instantly detect any motion involving the artifacts to prevent such threats.The 5G network
66、will also be used to improve remote consultation through webcams, which will facilitate conversations with overseas scholars to jointly find the best answers to restoration and preservation issues.1.What do we know about the Palace Museum?A. Its visitors wont have to queue up for the bathroom.B. It
67、served as Chinas imperial palace for over 600 years.C. It will cooperate with Huawei Technologies Co. to promote its management.D. It will set up advanced television cameras for the purpose of safety.2.What does the underlined word scenario in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Disaster. B. Situation.C. Operation.
68、 D. Exhibition.3.What are the figures in Paragraph 4 intended to show about the Palace Museum?A. It is better than any other museums.B. It has a rich collection of cultural relics.C. It enjoys great popularity all over the world.D. It faces a tough challenge of protecting relics.4.What can be a suit
69、able title for the text?A. A Feast for Museum VisitorsB. A Revolution in ExhibitionC. A Protector of Cultural RelicsD. A Connection Between Old and NewPassage 92021陕西部分学校摸底测试语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文机器人送包裹3267分钟Want to get your package delivered via robots? Now theres an app for that. If you live in Washing
70、ton, D.C., or Redwood, you may have glimpsed a small, boxy robot rolling along a local sidewalk, minding its own business, but attracting the attention of many curious onlookers.The autonomous machines were part of a pilot program last year by Starship Technologies focusing on delivering meals from
71、local restaurants in dozens of cities around the world. This week, the company unveiled plans to broaden its delivery service beyond food to include packages, a move that led it to declare itself the worlds first robot package delivery service. The next time you order food, this cute robot might rol
72、l up to deliver it. The package delivery service is not available to everyone yet.The wheeled robots have a top speed of 4 mph and can detect obstacles from 30 feet away. The robot can operate through anything, Nick Handrick, head of operations for Starships D.C. office, said, If you have something
73、in the way a stick its able to climb over it.To sign up for the service, which costs a little more than $10 per month, customers need to download the companys app. Customers then create a Starship Delivery Address, a unique address inside a Starship facility, where they can have packages sent from s
74、ome places. Once a package is delivered to the Starship address, customers receive a text notification that allows them to schedule a home delivery via robots. The robots are opened by customers via a mobile phone code.Barriers exist for robotic ground delivery, with many states requiring that human
75、s be in control of delivery robots. Those regulations havent stopped Starship Technologies from accumulating experience on streets around the globe ahead of the companys latest launch. The company says its robots have covered more than 125,000 miles in more than 100 cities in 20 countries.1. What ca
76、n we know about the robotic delivery?A. It is part of a trial project by Starship Technologies.B. The robotic delivery is available to everyone at present.C. You can use the service free of charge via smart phones.D. The robots are opened by customers with a text notification.2.What does the underli
77、ned word unveiledin Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Revised. B. Released.C. Restored. D. Reset.3.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. The good news of the service.B. How the robotic delivery works.C. The disadvantages of the robotic delivery.D. Robotic delivery develops despite challenges.4.What
78、can be the best title for the text?A. A New Robot Was InventedB. Wheelless Robots Are on the WayC. How Robots Deliver PackagesD. Packages Will Be Delivered by RobotsPassage 102021山东潍坊阶段性监测语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间议论文送餐业务的现状和前景3277分钟The food delivery industry now is a hotly competitive business, attracting the
79、worlds biggest moneybags such as Alibaba and SoftBank. Balancing the needs of diners, cooks and couriers(快递公司) is complicated. Most new companies lose money. Yet they have received more than $30bn from venture capitalists (资本家) in the past five years. And they are likely to get more.The food-deliver
80、y business can be divided into two camps: mostly profitable veterans(老手) and loss-making newcomers. The veterans, founded at the start of the century, are led by publicly traded Grubhub in America, and Just Eat and Takeaway in Europe. They account for the largest share of the market, offering custom
81、ers online access to restaurants. Their relatively simple business model, in which they take a cut of the bill from the restaurants, has enabled Grubhub and Just Eat to turn a profit for years. Takeaway makes money in its home market of the Netherlands.The newbies, born more recently, have turned a
82、once-tidy business into a food fight. For most of them, delivery is their core business, so they share their cut of the bill with riders as well as restaurants. This substantially broadens the market to restaurants, but profit suffers.The only mouth-watering aspect of the delivery business is its po
83、tential size. According to Bernstein, almost a third of the global restaurant industry is made up of home delivery, takeaways and drive-throughs, which could be worth $1 trn by 2023. In 2018, delivery amounted to $161bn, leaving plenty of room for online firms to expand.Yet it is by no means clear i
84、f anyone can make money by delivering meals. In fact, the economics may be even worse. Delivery businesses have ways to cut their losses. One is to diversify further, by delivering groceries, flowers, booze, and even people, as well as meals. Another is to provide cheaper meals by centrally supplyin
85、g ingredients to restaurants. In the dog-eat-dog world of food delivery, it will still be hard.1.How can the veterans make a profit?A. They get lots of support from capitalists.B. They offer customers great convenience.C. They draw a part of profit from restaurants.D. They balance the complicated ne
86、eds successfully.2.What makes the delivery business attractive?A. Massive profits. B. Development prospects.C. Satisfying service.D. Efficient management.3.What is the authors attitude towards making money by delivering meals?A. Positive. B. Definite. C. Uncertain. D. Confident.4.Which can be a suit
87、able title for the text?A. Delivery businesses balance some complicated needs.B. Meal delivery attracts the worlds biggest moneybags.C. The two camps of delivery businesses compete fiercely.D. The food-delivery business is anything but a tasty business.Passage 112021陕西百校联盟第一次模拟语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文有机农业的
88、负面影响3098分钟A new study published this week in the journal Nature Communications has concluded that a 100 percent change to organic food production in England and Wales would actually lead to a great increase in greenhouse gas emissions. In turn, this would contribute to further climate change.Althoug
89、h organic farming directly pours out fewer emissions than conventional farming around 20 percent lower for crops and 4 percent lower for farm animals it produces notably less food. As to this studys findings, total organic agriculture in England and Wales would produce 40 percent less food. With les
90、s food in the market, the countries would need to increase food imports, which would produce more global greenhouse gas emissions.Organic farming also increases the amount of absorbing carbon, a process where carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed out of the atmosphere and captured by plants and stored in
91、 the soil. However, even a total change to organic farming would only be equal to a tiny part of the higher emissions from overseas land use.We predict a drop in total food production of 40 percent under a fully organic farming process, compared to conventional farming, if we keep to the same nation
92、al diet, Dr. Adrian Williams, the lead author and reader in Agri-Environmental Systems at Cranfield University, said in a statement. This results from lower crop quantity, because output is limited by a lower supply of nitrogen, which is mainly from other crops or solid waste from cattle on the gras
93、sland.Nevertheless, it is important to note that organic farming still holds some useful benefits for the environment, such as reducing exposure to chemicals and improving the varieties of creatures. In conclusion, the study suggests that organic farming will continue to play a key role in resolving
94、 the worlds environmental problems. However, its just one part of a much wider solution.1.What will total organic agriculture bring to England?A. More main food. B. More food imports.C. More species of crops. D. More fresh oxygen.2.How does organic farming increase the amount of absorbing carbon?A.
95、By taking in CO2. B. By changing CO2.C. By giving off CO2. D. By producing CO2.3.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. The ways to reduce organic farming.B. The results caused by organic farming.C. The solution to the environmental problems.D. The advantages of organic farming.4.Which of the fo
96、llowing is the best title of the text?A. Organic farming, green foodB. Organic farming, our hope in futureC. Organic farming, a mistake we madeD. Organic farming, a double-edged swordPassage 122021辽宁六校协作体联考语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文久坐对大脑有伤害3528分钟Weve known that sitting for long periods of time every day has
97、countless health consequences, like a higher risk of heart disease. But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain.A study conducted by Dr. Prabha Siddarth at the University of California, showed that sedentary(久坐不动的) behavior is associated with reduced thickness of the medial
98、 temporal lobe(中颞叶), a brain area that is critical to learning and memory.The researchers asked a group of 35 healthy people, aged 45 to 70, about their activity levels and the average number of hours each day spent sitting and then scanned their brains. They found that the subjects who reported sit
99、ting for longer periods had the thinnest medial temporal lobes. It means that the more time you spend in a chair, the worse it is for your brain health, resulting in possible damage to learning and memory.What is also interesting is that this study did not find a significant association between the
100、level of physical activity and thickness of this brain area, suggesting that exercise, even severe exercise, may not be enough to protect you from the harmful effects of sitting.It then surprisingly turned out that you dont even have to move much to enhance cognition; just standing will do the trick
101、. For example, two groups of subjects were asked to complete a test while either sitting or standing. Participants were presented with conflicting stimuli(刺激), like the word green in blue ink, and asked to name the color. Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by a 3-millisecond margin.T
102、he cognitive effects of severe physical exercise are well known. But the possibility that standing more and sitting less improves brain health could lower the standard for everyone.I know, this all runs counter to received ideas about deep thought, from our grade school teachers, who told us to sit
103、down and focus, to Rodins famous The Thinker, seated with the chin on his hand.They were wrong. You can now all stand up.1.What can we know from Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4?A. Severe exercise can lessen the damage of sitting.B. Severe exercise can greatly improve our brain health.C. Sedentary behavi
104、or will possibly damage our brain.D. Brain health has nothing to do with sedentary behavior.2.What does the underlined word margin in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Blank. B. Edge. C. Decrease. D. Difference.3.What is the received idea about deep thought?A. Sitting more is good for our mental health.B. Sitting
105、 is better when we think.C. More exercise can improve our cognition.D. We should stand while thinking.4.The passage mainly tells us .A. people tend to sit while thinkingB. standing more can make our brain healthierC. physical exercise can improve our brain healthD. sedentary behavior leads to countl
106、ess health problems题组3 推理判断题Passage 132021辽宁六校协作体联考语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间记叙文父亲推着残疾儿子参加比赛3486分钟Its been a long journey from 1962 when Rick was born as a spastic quadriplegic(四肢瘫痪者) with cerebral palsy(脑瘫). Doctors told the young Hoyts that their son had no hope of a normal life.As Rick developed, his parents
107、 noticed he was far from a vegetable as doctors had called him. We could tell by looking in Ricks eyes that he understood everything we were saying. We taught him the alphabet and numbers and did a lot of reading with him, says Dick, the father.Then with the help of the Tufts Interactive Communicato
108、r(TIC), Rick was able to use his head movement to tap out words and phrases.As Rick was tapping out his first words, his parents debated over what hed say. To their surprise, his first words were Go, Bruins! We knew right then and there that he understood everything, and that he loved sports and fol
109、lowed the game just like anyone else, says Dick.When Rick was in high school he wanted to take part in a 5-mile road race and he did finish the race.That night Rick tapped out a message that would change the course of his life. He wrote, Dad, when Im running, it feels like Im not disabled.That was a
110、 very powerful message for me, recalls Dick. He knew he wanted to loan Rick his arms and legs so he could compete in races.With the father pushing his disabled son in a wheelchair, the father-son Team Hoyt began running races. Dick says that some people thought he was selfish, pushing his disabled s
111、on in races. They thought I was doing it for myself. They didnt understand Rick was the one wanting to race, he says.Team Hoyt has completed to date over 1,075 running events including marathons and Ironman triathlons(三项全能运动).Rick was once asked if he could give his father one thing, what would it b
112、e? Rick responded, The thing Id most like is for my dad to sit in the chair and I would push him for once.1.What can be inferred about Rick as he grew up?A. He couldnt see. B. He couldnt speak.C. He couldnt think. D. He couldnt hear.2.What did Rick want to do when he tapped out the words Go, Bruins!
113、?A. Watch a game. B. Go traveling.C. Run a race. D. Go to school.3.How does Team Hoyt work in a running event?A. The father and the son run together.B. The father and the son run with the help of TIC.C. The father pushes the son in a wheelchair.D. The son follows the father in his wheelchair.4.What
114、Rick expressed in the last paragraph shows that .A. he felt proud B. he was upsetC. he felt lucky D. he was gratefulPassage 142021浙江嘉兴教学考试语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间议论文保护老树3467分钟One of the costs of being a lover of old trees is the all-too-frequent loss of a beautiful soul youve grown fond of. Last summer was ha
115、rder than most for old trees and their human supporters. The springs nonstop rain flooded soils and caused root systems of many large, old trees to rot in part. Then, when the summer came, trees could not tap deep sources of water that would normally have maintained(维持) them. Many valuable old trees
116、 died.When I volunteered for the Mount Rainier Tree Commission, I heard from many people concerned about their trees. We had little to offer them. Thats because public and private urban tree resources and programs were aimed almost entirely at planting trees but not at maintaining trees. No state or
117、 province program that I could find provided any financial resources for maintaining tree health. Small and under-resourced cities such as ours were on their own.This is backward. Scientists are learning that large, old trees are the most valuable, especially in cities. They put on wood fastest and
118、take the most carbon out of the air. They harbor the most wildlife. They can lower summer temperatures by 20 degrees or more. In a recent study, researchers found that Boston would get more benefit from keeping the trees it has alive than from planting new trees. Theres reason to think this finding
119、would apply in other cities, too.Now, our public and private tree programs often ignore old trees until it is too late. As long as we abandon our old trees, planting more is merely to keep pace with growing losses. We want trees to help protect us, but we leave them unprotected. Consider this in the
120、 human world: Nobody would send a baby into the world and expect it to just make it. Children need caring for and its why we have schools and child health-insurance programs. We could get so much more out of our trees if we just put a little more into them.1.What does the underlined part in Paragrap
121、h 1 suggest?A. Strong determination to plant trees.B. Real regret at growing old trees.C. Great concern about tree problems.D. Deep love for valuable old trees.2.Why was the author almost powerless to help people worried about their trees?A. The urban tree programs were faced with financial problems
122、.B. The authors knowledge of maintaining tree health was limited.C. The focus of the tree resources and programs was on tree planting.D. The organization the author volunteered for was short of tree experts.3.The author argues in Paragraph 3 by .A. comparing different casesB. presenting research fin
123、dingsC. referring to scientists sayingsD. carrying out some experiments4.Why does the author give the example of nursing babies in the end?A. To stress the importance of tree insurance programs.B. To show the close connection between trees and babies.C. To advocate protecting trees as humans care fo
124、r babies.D. To persuade human beings to pay more attention to babies.Passage 152021 山东新高考第一次模拟语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文中医3057分钟China is one of the first countries to breed a medical culture. In comparison with Western methods, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) adopts a vastly different approach. For thousan
125、ds of years, Chinese people have accumulated rich experience in fighting all sorts of diseases, therefore forming a unique medical theory under the guidance of ancient Chinese philosophies.The core behind TCM is that the human bodys life is the consequence of the balance between yin and yang. Yang f
126、unctions to safeguard us against outer harm, and yin is the inner base to store and provide energy. When the balance between the two aspects is disturbed, people fall ill.One of the traditional techniques of TCM, acupuncture(针刺疗法), means insertion of needles into superficial structures of the body u
127、sually at acupoints(穴位) to restore the yin-yang balance. It is often accompanied by moxibustion(灸法), which involves burning the mugwort on or near the skin at an acupoint. The first known text that clearly talks about something like acupuncture and moxibustion as it is practiced today is Yellow Empe
128、rors Inner Canon. It is the earliest and most important written work of TCM and is considered the most representative medical text in China. Acupuncture and moxibustion have aroused the interest of international medical science circles. And TCM is gradually gaining worldwide recognition. The WHO iss
129、ued a document in 2002 that appealed to more than 180 countries to adopt TCM as an alternative in their medical policies. In 2010, acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine were added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO. Presentl
130、y, TCM has been back in the news for its effectiveness in improving the cure rate of the COVID-19 since its outbreak in January 2020.1.What does the underlined word It in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. TCM. B. Acupuncture.C. Yin-yang balance.D. Moxibustion.2.What can we learn about Yellow Emperors Inner Ca
131、non from the text?A. It distinguishes acupuncture from moxibustion.B. Its a foundation of world medical research.C. It stresses the importance of using acupoints.D. It greatly boosts the development of TCM.3.What is the writers purpose of writing the passage?A. To introduce TCM to the world.B. To re
132、view the development of TCM.C. To tell TCM and Western medicine apart.D. To comment on TCM in fighting COVID-19.4.What might be talked about in the paragraph following the text?A. Why TCM gets recognition from WHO.B. Why TCM is gaining popularity.C. How TCM helps in the current situation.D. How othe
133、r countries adopt TCM well.Passage 162021 陕西部分学校摸底测试语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间夹叙夹议文珍惜友谊3018分钟My best friend travelled to stay with my family last weekend. When she arrived, she went straight to the kitchen and, without asking, ate some dried fruit. She wasnt being rude. I knew she would do this. Weve known each
134、 other for almost 20 years. She can eat anything she wants from my kitchen. Indeed, I bought her favorite fruits and snacks at the shop that morning.Our long weekend together was simple. I was recovering from surgery and couldnt go to shopping malls. But there were no quiet moments. Weve lived in di
135、fferent cities for almost a decade. Reunions demand conversation. Our personalities are matched, to be sure,and a shared history is indescribably(难以形容地)valuable. We were competitors at high school before bonding. Then we discovered the many interests that we had in common. Our friendship developed i
136、tself quickly. We stayed companions and supported each other through law school and through our first jobs. Ours is a friendship for the ages. There is something special about friends who know everything about you. They are rare. They have seen your achievements, your desperation and your boring rou
137、tine of the in-between. Its special to unpack feelings without wasting time filling in the blanks. As my long weekend shows, with such friends we dont have to do well, but we simply have to be ourselves. We drop the act, the performance and the public version of ourselves. The special friendships ar
138、e those which never fail to delight us, whose continuation is worth the extra effort, despite distance and difference in our separate lives. I had the very great joy of this reminder last weekend. Im lucky to have found this friend, and to see a future where her companionship remains. Being together
139、 is perfection.1.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. They talked constantly about their lives.B. They enjoyed going shopping.C. They had a boring weekend.D. They quarreled at times.2.What does the author appreciate about their friendship?A. They help each other achieve success in their fields.B. T
140、heyre best friends despite different hobbies.C. They inspire each other to be their best selves.D. Theyre comfortable just being themselves.3.What message is conveyed in the last paragraph?A. Real friends are easy to make.B. Good friendships need devotion.C. Special friendships may fail to delight u
141、s.D. Distance and difference bring a friendship.4.Why does the author write this text?A. To express thanks to her best friend.B. To share the friendship she treasures.C. To describe what her best friend is like.D. To explain how she offers help to her friend.Passage 172021山西太原质量监测语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间新闻报道向
142、农民介绍直播销售技巧3177分钟Ni Hao! Lao Tie!I am your foreign friend.Just have a bite of our organic apples and place your orders here!Erik Nilsson,a Swedish traveler,greeted through TikTok livestreams in a village of Jiangxi Province.His appearance online increased that days sale greatly.After experiencing a s
143、pecial day in the rural area,Erik said jokingly,I wish I could change my job.This village is not alone.Nowadays,Chinas e-commerce platforms have helped open up the market for Chinese farmers produce,bringing an increasing number of sales online.This new trend has made livestreaming a new way to rid
144、farmers of poverty,with mobile phones becoming new farm tools.Everyone has brought their own agricultural products.How can you make the audiences believe that theyre delicious through the screen in front of you?Now,lets feel the look on your face during the livestreaming!A farmers education and trai
145、ning center in Hainan Province invites professionals such as directors and stylists to teach farmers a variety of skills ranging from short video editing to livestreaming sales skills.However,at first,only a few villagers had a strong desire.We helped them get training in livestreaming, short video
146、marketing,and other courses.It wasnt fancy,but simple,practical,and effective.Everybody, please take a look.This is the best coconut.Taste it,said Pei Yanqin,59,speaking Mandarin with a strong local accent and communicating smoothly with netizens through her livestreaming software.Just over a year a
147、go,she was one of those villagers with the least intention to get training.In 2018,the demonstration project of national e-commerce for rural areas was launched.Today,the village has developed eight e-commerce livestreaming courtyards.Some presenters work alone,while others are husband and wife team
148、s.In the next step,the government will train more farmer presenters and develop in the direction of multi-variety sales.1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A. To lead in the topic.B. To add to the atmosphere.C. To introduce culture contrast.D. To give background knowledge.2.How did most of
149、the farmers first respond to the training?A. Thrilled. B. Doubtful.C. Disappointed. D. Impressed.3.Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A. Erik wants to seek for a new job.B. E-commerce is a family business.C. Livestreaming is the best way to remove poverty.D. The Governme
150、nt helps farmers become skilled in marketing online.4.Where is this text most likely taken from?A. A travel log. B. A government report.C. A research paper.D. A front-page article.Passage 182021湖北部分重点中学联考语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间夹叙夹议文停止取悦别人3088分钟Everyone needs to be safe, loved and to have a sense of belonging
151、. These are inborn and natural basic needs. In an effort to have these needs satisfied, many of us tend to please others. And it works for a while. We find that we experience less conflict with others, but the conflict within ourselves grows. Saying no produces a feeling of guilt and saying yes brin
152、gs anger.My father was in the military, so we moved frequently. Being shy, I didnt make friends. Whats more, I grew up in a household where grades, image and how others saw our family were very important. In our household a C was unacceptable, a B should have been an A and an A meant the lesson was
153、too easy. I was too skinny, my sister was too fat and my brothers lips and ears were too big for his tiny head.To stop pleasing others is easier said than done. Its a long process, one in which I am consistently working to be perfect. The turning point for me came shortly after I got married. The ve
154、ry first thing we did to end the cycle of catering to others was develop our own identity as individuals and then as a couple. And then we developed a strong set of core values and a vision for our future. The third and one of the most valuable things we did during this process was developing our ow
155、n personal influence on others and we valued deeply the opinions of the wiser and more successful people around us.Besides, we should understand that sometimes helping people actually hurts them. The struggle is necessary for success. The struggle strengthens the character, making people determined.
156、 So sometimes allowing people to struggle is the best thing you can do for them.1.How are we likely to feel when pleasing others?A. Satisfied. B. Guilty.C. Happy. D. Angry.2.What can we infer from the authors experience as a child?A. He grew up doing a lot of housework.B. His parents had great expec
157、tations of the children.C. He realized the value of opinions from others.D. It was hard for him to adjust to the moving life.3.What is the third paragraph mainly about?A. What steps the author took to go on pleasing others.B. Why the author further developed his values and character.C. How the autho
158、r stepped out of the cycle of pleasing others.D. When the author turned to others for their valuable opinions.4.What does the author suggest doing?A. Helping others without delay.B. Thinking twice before offering help.C. Refusing to help others.D. Leaving someone in trouble alone.题组4 词义猜测题Passage 19
159、2021浙江五校联考语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间记叙文克服对水的恐惧3566分钟At eleven, I decided to learn to swim. There was a pool at the YMCA offering exactly the opportunity. My mother continually warned against it, and kept fresh in my mind the details of each drowning in the river. But the YMCA pool was safe.I had a childhood fea
160、r of water. This started when I was three years old and my father took me to the beach. The huge waves knocked me down and swept over me.The pool was quiet. I was afraid of going in all alone, so I sat on one side of the pool to wait for others. Then came a big boy. He yelled, Hi, howd you like to b
161、e ducked?With that he picked me up and threw me into the deep end. I landed in a sitting position, and swallowed water. But I was not frightened out of my wits when my feet hit the bottom, I would make a big jump to come out of the surface. It seemed a long way down. I gathered all my strength when
162、I landed and made what I thought was a great spring upwards. Then I opened my eyes and saw nothing but water. I tried to yell but no sound came out. I went down, down, endlessly.When I came to consciousness, I found myself lying on the bed in the hospital.I never went back to the pool. I avoided wat
163、er whenever I could. This misadventure stayed with me as the years rolled by. It deprived me of the joy of boating and swimming. Finally, I decided to get an instructor. Piece by piece, he built a swimmer. Several months later, the instructor was finished, but I was not. Sometimes the terror would r
164、eturn. This went on until July. I swam across the Lake Wentworth. Only once did the terror return. When I was in the middle of the lake, I put my face under and saw nothing but bottomless water. I laughed and said, Well, Mr.Terror, what do you think you can do to me?I had conquered my fear of water.
165、1.The authors original fear of water was caused by.A. his poor skill in swimmingB. his mothers warning of drowningC. an outing to the beach with his fatherD. an unpleasant memory of the pool2.Why was the author not scared to death when he was thrown into the water?A. He knew how to swim in the pool.
166、B. He felt that the YMCA pool was safe.C. He was waiting for others to save him.D. He came up with an idea of going upwards.3.By expressing but I was not in Paragraph 5, the author probably means .A. he was still a poor swimmerB. he had not overcome the fear yetC. he was not afraid of drowning any m
167、oreD. he was not satisfied with the swimming training4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Goodbye, Mr.TerrorB. Hello, Childhood FearC. A Swimming AdventureD. My Passion for SwimmingPassage 202021四省八校开学考语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间议论文2020东京奥运会推迟3557分钟The decision on Tuesday by Japan and the I
168、nternational Olympic Committee (IOC) to postpone the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games until next summer because of the COVID-19 pandemic must have been a hard one to make.Although the Games have been canceled three times in all, in 1916, 1940 and 1944 due to the two world wars, in the modern Olympics histor
169、y of more than 120 years, never before have any Games been postponed to a different year.Nonetheless, the decision is the right one. If it is not brought under control, the harm done to human society by the pandemic could be more serious and far-reaching than even the two world wars. Given the numbe
170、r of countries affected and social and economic shock waves that have been caused by the rapid spread of the virus, postponing the Games is the only right and sensible choice to make.After all, nothing is more important than peoples lives. Postponing the Games not only safeguards the health of athle
171、tes, audiences and everyone involved in the Games, but also reduces potential transmission of the virus from one place to another. Even looking at it from only a sporting level, the pandemic has already caused huge disruptions to athletes training and the qualification process.It is undoubtedly a bi
172、g blow for Japan, which has prepared meticulously for the largest sports event in the world, including renovating and upgrading its infrastructure and sports venues, such as rebuilding Tokyos Olympic Stadium at a cost of $1.45 billion. Japan will suffer a huge loss, at least in the short term.The in
173、ternational community owes a big thank you to Japan for all it has done for the Games despite the postponement. Thats why the Games will still be called the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games despite taking place in 2021. The Olympic flame will also remain stored and displayed in Japan.More imp
174、ortantly, all members in the Olympic family, guided by the Olympic spirit of respect and understanding, are morally bound to stand behind Japan to go through this most difficult moment in the Games history.1.What does the word it in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. The decision. B. The Games.C. The pandemic.
175、 D. The war.2.What does the underlined wordmeticulously in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Wisely. B. Recently. C. Easily. D. Precisely.3.We know from the passage.A. the Games should be put off in times of wars and disastersB. the Games will still be called the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games f
176、or Japans sacrificeC. postponing the Games will have a bad influence on the athletesD. the Olympic family will have to make up for the loss of Japan4.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The Olympic family will support Japan.B. Japan will keep the Olympic flame burning.C. Postponing the Game
177、s will bring the world hope.D. Tokyo will become the symbol of the Games.Passage 212021山西大同学情调研语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文何为老2627分钟An ageless question: When is someone old?What does old really mean these days? This isnt a meaningless question not only does the definition of old have an outsized impact on how
178、we feel about ourselves (not to mention how others view us), it also matters to policymakers determining how to plan for aging populations.The United Nations historically has defined older persons as people 60 years old or over (sometimes 65). It doesnt matter whether you live in the United States,
179、China or Senegal, even though life expectancy is quite different in each of those countries. Everyone becomes old at 60.Researchers Sergei Scherbov and Warren Sanderson, who study aging, are suggesting overturning the one-size-fits-all definition of old. Instead, they talk about prospective age, whi
180、ch looks to the future. Everyone with the same prospective age has the same expected remaining years of life.Scherbov explained that young and old are relative concepts, and their common reference point is life expectancy. And that old would vary between nations makes sense, especially between more
181、and less developed countries, with differences in education, death rates, access to health care and life expectancy.But who is old also varies widely between individuals. The point, says Scherbov, is that personal age is dependent on our characteristics understanding abilities, disability, health hi
182、story and even education levels. Those with more education tend not to smoke, exercise more frequently, have better diets and have regular checkups and, therefore, live longer, meaning the beginning of their old age comes later, says Scherbov.1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. How we feel
183、 about ourselves.B. The definition of old.C. The importance of the definition of old.D. The plan for aging populations.2.What does the underlined phrase prospective age in paragraph 3 refer to according to the text?A. The expected remaining years of ones life.B. The beginning of ones old age.C. The
184、differences of our characteristics.D. The age when one becomes old.3.What similarity does Scherbov think young and old have?A. Understanding abilities. B. Nations.C. Education. D. The reference point.4.Which of the following helps one to live longer according to Scherbov?A. As much exercise as possi
185、ble.B. Losing weight.C. Studying history.D. Improving the education level.Passage 222021湖北武汉部分学校质量检测语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文能自学合作技能的机器人3177分钟Never play games with a bot (robot) it will find a way to cheat if it can. A team from OpenAI, an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco, has developed artifici
186、ally intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by playing hide-and-seek. The bots also learned how to use basic tools to help win.Bowen Baker at OpenAI and his colleagues wanted to see if the team-based dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be usef
187、ul to humans.The researchers set their bots loose in a simulated(模拟的) environment filled with fixed walls, movable boxes and ladders, and left them to play team games of hide-and-seek. The bots each had their own view of the world and couldnt communicate with each other directly.At first, the hiders
188、 simply ran away. But they soon worked out that the quickest way to stop the seekers was to find objects in the environment to hide themselves from view. The seekers learned that they could move boxes around and use them to climb over walls. The bots then discovered that being a team-player passing
189、objects to each other or cooperating on a hideout was the quickest way to win.But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults. Seekers found that if they pushed a ladder towards a wall, they could launch themselves into the air and spot hiders from above. Hiders fou
190、nd that they could get rid of the ladders by pushing them aside.It shows that AI bots are able to find solutions that humans miss, says Baker. Maybe theyll even be able to solve problems that humans dont yet know how to. However, it is a large leap(跳跃) from virtual hide-and-seek to real problem-solv
191、ing. The main limitation is that it is in simulation, says Chelsea Finn at Stanford University.1.Why did Bowen and his colleagues conduct the research?A. To teach bots to play games.B. To train bots to use basic tools.C. To find if bots may cheat like humans.D. To see the potential of bots cooperati
192、on.2.Whats the third paragraph mainly about?A. The tools of the research.B. The design of the research.C. The competitors of the game.D. The environment of the game.3.What does the underlined word It in the last paragraph refer to?A. Passing objects. B. Moving boxes around.C. Making use of faults. D
193、. Hiding themselves from view.4.What does Chelsea think of the finding of the research?A. It can bridge a gap in the AI research.B. It will not be influenced by the real world.C. It will definitely help the real problem-solving.D. It may not be realized out of the virtual world.Passage 232021江西五校联考语
194、篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文头像与性格间的关系3278分钟When we meet someone for the first time, we usually get a vague sense of what kind of person they are by the way they shake hands, talk or walk. In the age of social networking, however, first impressions are sometimes made even before we actually meet someone in perso
195、n that is, by looking at their profile photo.According to a recent study, these social images say a lot about our personality. In the study, a group of researchers from the University of Pennsylvania in the US used software to analyze the profile pictures of 66,000 users of one US social platform. A
196、t the same time, about 434 participants were asked to complete a survey about their personality type.According to the results, open people are more likely to pose in an unusual way and use objects such as glasses or a guitar in their profile photo because they enjoy new and exciting experiences. Mea
197、nwhile, neurotic people often hold back their negative emotions. They try to avoid showing their face; instead, they use an image of something like a pet, a car or a building. Thats because neurotic people are strongly influenced by the strong social norm against a very sad or angry appearance in pr
198、ofile pictures.Apart from the objects in profile pictures, the colors used in them also give us some information about the photos owner. For example, extraverts were found to have the most colorful profile images, as they want to emphasize their personality and show themselves off.Daniel Preoiuc-Pie
199、tro from the University of Pennsylvania wrote in the research paper, Social media photos usually represent an extension of ones self, but they also allow a user to shape his or her own personality and idealized view. So, when choosing a profile photo, maybe we should ask ourselves first what kind of
200、 image wed like to convey. After all, first impressions always last.1.Why do neurotic people often avoid showing their face in their profile photo?A. Because they are fond of pets, cars and buildings.B. Because they want to enjoy new experiences.C. Because they dont want to expose their negative ima
201、ges.D. Because they are not confident about themselves.2.What does the underlined word in Para.4 refer to?A. Open people. B. Neurotic people.C. Negative people. D. Popular people.3.What is the writers attitude towards the choice of a profile photo?A. Casual. B. Cautious.C. Worried. D. Unclear.4.What
202、 does this text mainly talk about?A. The relationship between ones profile photo and his personality.B. Some advice on how to choose a profile photo.C. The difference between open people and neurotic people.D. The importance of the first impression.Passage 242021吉林省吉林市第一次调研语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间新闻报道中国努力研制新冠
203、疫苗2538分钟Inside the white, bacteria-free walls of a new building on the southern outskirts of Beijing, two employees wearing masks and rubber gloves are busy injecting a clear, colorless liquid into rows of small bottles.The 215,000 square feet production plant was built in recent months specifically
204、 for producing a COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗) developed by Chinese pharmaceutical company Sinovac Biotech.CoronaVac, the vaccine candidate from Sinovac, is part of Chinas push to be at the forefront of rolling out immunizations (免疫接种) against the deadly novel coronavirus. The Nasdaq-listed biotech company
205、began developing its vaccine in late January.By June, China had largely contained the epidemic, dealing with only a small number of outbreaks. Those newly reported COVID-19 cases in China didnt meet the necessary conditions for a Phase 3 trial, so Sinovac reached an agreement with Brazil which then
206、ranked second in the world for cases of infection, with more than 3.6 million reported cases.In cooperating with the Butantan Institute in So Paulo, a Phase 3 study was launched in late July involving 9,000 volunteers, all health professionals who had worked with COVID-19 patients but hadnt been inf
207、ected with the virus.The tests are ongoing, but Dimas Covas, president of the Butantan Institute, said Wednesday primary data showed CoronaVac developed immunity in 97% of the people vaccinated after two doses a level he said was fundamental to break the chain of transmission of the coronavirus.1.Fr
208、om which of the following is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook. B. A news report.C. A book review. D. A travel brochure.2.What does the underlined phrase rolling out in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Launching. B. Distributing. C. Guarding. D. Burning.3.What is the necessary condition for a Phase 3
209、 trial?A. Chinas successful containment of the epidemic.B. A sufficient number of infected patients.C. All health professionals and volunteers.D. The Nasdaq-listed biotech company.4.Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. The forefront: Chinas push to develop a coronavirus vaccine.B. Lockdown:
210、 Chinas successful move to contain the outbreaks.C. Infection: Brazils ranking second surprises the world.D. Immunity: Brazils efforts to break the chain of transmission.题组1 文学、艺术与文化Passage 12020新高考(山东),A语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间应用文诗歌挑战赛参赛须知1894分钟POETRY CHALLENGEWrite a poem about how courage, determination, a
211、nd strength have helped you face challenges in your life. Prizes3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D. C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winners choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum an
212、d the office of National Geographic World. 6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch. 50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart
213、s final flight. RulesFollow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines. Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper. On the same sheet of paper, write
214、or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date. Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year. 1.How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six. 2.What will each of the honorable mention winners get?A. A plane ticket. B. A book by C
215、orinne Szabo. C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart. 3.Which of the following will result in disqualification?A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words. C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30. Passage 22019全国,A语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间应用文书籍介绍2364分钟My Fa
216、vourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahls writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and deligh
217、tful worlds. Matildas battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but theyre also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIts about two sisters Eri, a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to
218、 connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse night people who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FlynnThere was a bit of me that didnt want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. Theres tension and anxiety from
219、 the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. Its a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise whats going on is horribly enjoyable.The StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the wo
220、rlds population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever. 21.Who does I refer to in the text?A. Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn. C. Jo Usmar. D. Roald Dahl.22.Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A. Cosmopolitan. B. Mati
221、lda.C. After Dark. D. The Stand.23.What kind of book is Gone Girl?A. A folk tale. B. A biography.C. A love story. D. A horror story.Passage 32019全国,B语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文中国引领国际时尚潮流2856分钟For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.Its no secret tha
222、t China has always been a source(来源) of inspiration for designers, says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚) shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of Ch
223、ina-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chi
224、nese influences.China is impossible to overlook,says Hill. Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement. Of course, not only are todays top Weste
225、rn designers being influenced by China some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs and beating them hands down in design and sales, adds Hill.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about Chi
226、na as the leading player when discussing fashion. The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers, she says. China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China its influences
227、, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?A. It promoted the sales of artworks.B. It attracted a large number of visitors.C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.D. It
228、aimed to introduce Chinese models.25. What does Hill say about Chinese women?A. They are setting the fashion.B. They start many fashion campaigns.C. They admire super models.D. They do business all over the world.26. What do the underlined words taking on in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looki
229、ng down onC. working withD. competing against27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the WorldB. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkC. Differences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsD. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion TrendsPassage 42018全
230、国,C语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间新闻报道中国建筑师王澍3617分钟While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their effor
231、ts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the
232、China Academy of Art(CAA).His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the co
233、mplex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into w
234、alls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).Wangs works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese arc
235、hitecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. That is only evidence that traditions once existed, he said.Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from
236、 the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, he said.Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what t
237、hey really are, said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.28.Wangs winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are .A. following the latest world trendB. getting international recognitionC
238、. working harder than ever beforeD. relying on foreign architects29.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?A. Its hilly environment.B. Its large size.C. Its unique style.D. Its diverse functions.30.What made Wangs architectural design a success?A. The mixture of different shapes.B.
239、 The balance of East and West.C. The use of popular techniques.D. The harmony of old and new.31.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?A. Spread them to the world.B. Preserve them at museums.C. Teach them in universities.D. Recreate them in practice.Passage 52018浙江,C语篇类型主题词数难度建
240、议时间说明文美国的汽车文化2926分钟As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford wo
241、uld build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American
242、 going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with a
243、chicken in every pot and a car in every garage. Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the d
244、emand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)
245、is a chance to keep American strength. The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.28.Why is the hamburger mentioned in Paragraph 2?A. To explain Americans love f
246、or travelling by car.B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.D. To praise the effectiveness of Americas road system.29.What has the use of cars in America led to?A. Decline of economy.B. Environmental problems.C. A shortage of oil
247、supply.D. A farm-based society.30.What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future?A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful.C. Hopeful. D. Tolerant.Passage 62017乙卷(全国),C语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文爵士乐3337分钟Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual Inte
248、rnational Jazz Day. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying (联合) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience
249、continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that. As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and cultur
250、e.Jazz seems like its not really a part of the American appetite, Moran tells National Public Radios reporter Neal Conan. What Im hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. Its actually color, and its actually d
251、igital.Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. The music cant be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same, says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a pr
252、oject that arranged Fats Wallers music for a dance party, just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music, says Moran. For me, its the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion (情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight (感悟) on how
253、to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context, says Moran, so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.28.Why di
254、d UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?A. To remember the birth of jazz.B. To protect cultural diversity.C. To encourage people to study music.D. To recognize the value of jazz.29.What does the underlined word that in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Jazz becoming more accessible.B. The production o
255、f jazz growing faster.C. Jazz being less popular with the young.D. The jazz audience becoming larger.30.What can we infer about Morans opinion on jazz?A. It will disappear gradually.B. It remains black and white.C. It should keep up with the times.D. It changes every 50 years.31.Which of the followi
256、ng can be the best title for the text?A. Exploring the Future of JazzB. The Rise and Fall of JazzC. The Story of a Jazz MusicianD. Celebrating the Jazz Day题组2 社会生活与教育Passage 72020全国,B语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间记叙文重读以前读过的图书2857分钟Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. Th
257、eres a welcome familiarity but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship.But books dont change, people do.And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is bas
258、ed on our present mental register. Its true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, its all about the present. Its about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are
259、three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingways A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.The language is almost intoxicating(令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie
260、Dillards Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble(随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortzars Save Twilight:Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortzar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to th
261、em. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your
262、friends.24.Why does the author like rereading?A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.B. Its a window to a whole new world.C. Its a substitute for drinking with a friend.D. It extends the understanding of oneself.25.What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?A. Its a brief account of a t
263、rip.B. Its about Hemingways life as a young man.C. Its a record of a historic event.D. Its about Hemingways friends in Paris.26.What does the underlined word currency in paragraph 4 refer to?A. Debt. B. Reward.C. Allowance. D. Face value.27.What can we infer about the author from the text?A. He love
264、s poetry. B. Hes an editor.C. Hes very ambitious. D. He teaches reading.Passage 82020新高考(山东),D语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文饮食习惯受就餐同伴的影响3177分钟According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary
265、to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate wo
266、men were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half
267、 the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor wa
268、s thin. For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test:the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces. The tests show
269、 that the social environment is extremely influential when were making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the Ill have what shes having effect. However, well adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, Ill hold back a bit becau
270、se I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, Ill follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why cant I?12.What is the recent study mainly about?A. Food safety.B. Movie viewership.C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior. 13.What does the underlined word beanpoles in
271、paragraph 1 refer to?A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons. 14.Why did the researchers hire the actor?A. To see how she would affect the participants. B. To test if the participants could recognize her. C. To find out what she would do in the two tests. D. To st
272、udy why she could keep her weight down. 15.On what basis do we adjust the influence according to the last paragraph?A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food. Passage 92019全国,C语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文用餐趋势3217分钟Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm B
273、eachs Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtels me time. And like more Americans, shes not alone. A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent)hav
274、e breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report. I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know? Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in
275、 downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. Today, I just wanted some time to myself, she said. Jus
276、t two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). I reflect on how my days gone and think about t
277、he rest of the week, he said. Its a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have
278、our smartphones to keep us company at the table. It doesnt feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology, said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.28.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A. Food variety.B. Eating habits.C. Table manners.
279、D. Restaurant service.29.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A. To meet with her coworkers.B. To catch up with her work.C. To have some time on her own.D. To collect data for her report.30.What do we know about Mazoleny?A. He makes videos for the bar.B. Hes fond of the food at the bar.C. He
280、interviews customers at the bar.D. Hes familiar with the barkeeper.31.What is the text mainly about?A. The trend of having meals alone.B. The importance of self-reflection.C. The stress from working overtime.D. The advantage of wireless technology.Passage 102019全国, D语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文开发创新思维2667分钟Bact
281、eria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物)from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? Its turning to a bunch of high school kids.
282、 But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordons stu
283、dents have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think theyre close to a solution(解决方案). We dont give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers, says Florence Gold, a project manager.There are no tests, Gordon says. There is no graded homework. Ther
284、e almost are no grades, other than Are you working towards your goal? Basically, its Ive got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA. Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and. its not a very nice thing at times. Its a hard business review of your pro
285、duct.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I dont teach. And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readyin
286、g a workable solution to test in space.32.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A. They are hard to get rid of.B. They lead to air pollution.C. They appear in different forms.D. They damage the instruments.33.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?A. To strengthen t
287、eacher-student relationships.B. To sharpen students communication skills.C. To allow students to experience zero gravity.D. To link space technology with school education.34.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?A. Check their product.B. Guide project designs.C. Adjust work s
288、chedules.D. Grade their homework.35.What is the best title for the text?A. NASA: The Home of AstronautsB. Space: The Final Homework FrontierC. Nature: An Outdoor ClassroomD. HUNCH: A College Admission ReformPassage 112019天津, B语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间夹叙夹议文读书伴我成长2966分钟I must have always known reading was very i
289、mportant because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I dont remember Mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing Mom say, I cant believe
290、 whats printed in the newspaper this morning, made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading.This is how everyone learned to re
291、ad. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors. When Mom said, The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf, I knew where the candy was. My progress in read
292、ing raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make As on my tests. O
293、ccasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didnt enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.Yet, now that Im growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find mys
294、elf needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I dont have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this
295、. I just read to relax.Were taught to read because its necessary for much of human understanding.Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And Ive found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.41.Why did the author want to grab the newspaper
296、 out of moms hands?A. She wanted mom to read the news to her.B. She was anxious to know what had happened.C. She couldnt wait to tear the newspaper apart.D. She couldnt help but stop mom from reading.42.According to Paragraph 3, the authors reading of road signs indicates .A. her unique way to locat
297、e herselfB. her eagerness to develop her reading abilityC. her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rulesD. her growing desire to know the world around her43.What was the authors view on factual reading?A. It would help her update test-taking skills.B. It would allow much room for free thinking.C. I
298、t would provide true and objective information.D. It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.44.The author takes novel reading as a way to.A. explore a fantasy landB. develop a passion for learningC. learn about the adult communityD. get away from a confusing world45.What could be
299、the best title for the passage?A. The Magic of ReadingB. The Pleasure of ReadingC. Growing Up with ReadingD. Reading Makes a Full ManPassage 122018全国,C语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文儿童阅读2906分钟Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While
300、 the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the reports key findings, the proportion(比例) who say theyhardly ever read for f
301、un has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, aged 2-8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declin
302、ed, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, ma
303、inly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have mo
304、re books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and pl
305、an a family trip to the library or bookstore.28.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Childrens reading habits.B. Quality of childrens books.C. Childrens after-class activities.D. Parent-child relationships.29.Where can you find the data that best supports children are reading a lo
306、t less for fun?A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.30.Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A. E-books are of poor quality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm childrens health.D. E-readers are expensive.31.How should parents encourage their chil
307、dren to read more?A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask them to write book reports.C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers.题组3 科普研究与科技发展Passage 132020全国,D语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文人类的进化2927分钟We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of
308、 years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that
309、 helps them digest milk as adults.On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, numb
310、er in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, theyve also built houses on stilts(支柱)in coastal waters.They are simply a stranger to the land, said Rodney C.Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who stud
311、ies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders, Dr. Jubilado said. I could see them actually
312、walking under the sea.In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. It seemed like the perfect ch
313、ance for natural selection to act on a population, said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.32.What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.B. New knowledge of human evolutio
314、n.C. Recent findings of human origin.D. Significance of food selection.33.Where do the Bajau build their houses?A. In valleys. B. Near rivers.C. On the beach. D. Off the coast.34.Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?A. They could walk on stilts all day.B. They had a superb way of fishi
315、ng.C. They could stay long underwater.D. They lived on both land and water.35.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at SeaB. Highlanders Survival SkillsC. Basic Methods of Genetic ResearchD. The Worlds Best DiversPassage 142020浙江,C语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文挑战性工作有助于大脑保持敏捷298
316、7分钟Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired worker
317、s who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.Those who had held mentally stimulating (刺激), demanding jobs be
318、fore retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive (认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs.The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants overall health status.This works just like phys
319、ical exercise, says Francisca Then, who led the study. After a long run, you may feel like youre in pain, you may feel tired.But it makes you fit.After a long day at work sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy.Its not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help k
320、eep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiters job, for example, that requires multitasking,teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work.And running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调),she says.You have to organize the activ
321、ities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.28.Why did the
322、scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?A. To assess their health status.B. To evaluate their work habits.C. To analyze their personality.D. To measure their mental ability.29.How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?A. By using an experts words.B. By making a comparison.C
323、. By referring to another study.D. By introducing a concept.30.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New SkillsB. Old People Should Take Challenging JobsC. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You SharpD. Cognitive Function May Decline As You AgePassage 15202
324、0北京,D语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间议论文人工通用智能的前景4108分钟Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms(算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These
325、systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.Some of todays AI pioneers want to move on from todays world of weak or
326、 narrow AI, to create strong or full AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, todays powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest
327、 solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to solve intelligence. If were successful, their mission statement reads, we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.Since the early days of AI, im
328、agination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an ultra-intelligent machine.that can far surpass all the intellectual(智力的) activities of any man, however clever. Good went on to suggest that the fi
329、rst ultra-intelligent machine could be the last invention that man need ever make.Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced(强化) by many works of fiction Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventu
330、ally prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression(敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from AGI do not come from a decision
331、 to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.The promise and danger of true AGI are great. But all of todays excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spo
332、ken to many of the worlds foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, if ever.42.What does the underlined word ubiquitous in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Enormous in quantity. B. Changeable daily.C. Stable in quality. D. Present everywhere.43.
333、What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters?A. Help to tackle problems. B. Make brains more active.C. Benefit ambitious people. D. Set up powerful databases.44.As for Irving Goods opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is .A. supportive B. disapprovingC. fearful D. uncertain45.W
334、hat can be inferred about AGI from the passage?A. It may be only a dream.B. It will come into being soon.C. It will be controlled by humans.D. It may be more dangerous than ever.Passage 162019全国,C语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文智能键盘身份识别技术2367分钟As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is
335、growing for biometric(生物测量) technologies like fingerprint scans to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This
336、smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus
337、, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected to regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyb
338、oard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word touch four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
339、The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accur
340、acy in typing.C. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security m
341、easures are guaranteed30.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?A. Itll be environment-friendly.B. Itll reach consumers soon.C. Itll be made of plastics.D. Itll help speed up typing.31.Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A novel. D. A magazine.Passage 172
342、019全国,D语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文猴子会算术3158分钟Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers. A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monk
343、eys combined or added the symbols to get the reward.Heres how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment:In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two sym
344、bols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded wit
345、h the sum of the numbers 17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the
346、 results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monk
347、eys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, Dr. Livingstone says. But in this experiment what theyre doing is paying more attention to the big n
348、umber than the little one.32.What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?A. They fed them. B. They named them.C. They trained them. D. They measured them.33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?A. By drawing a circle. B. By touching a screen.C. By watching video
349、s. D. By mixing two drinks.34. What did Livingstones team find about the monkeys?A. They could perform basic addition.B. They could understand simple words.C. They could memorize numbers easily.D. They could hold their attention for long.35. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. En
350、tertainment. B. Health.C. Education. D. Science.Passage 182019北京,C语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间应用文信息安全4208分钟The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they dont know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈). We are finally waking up to
351、the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, its too little, too late. By the time these solutions(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the n
352、ear future, its not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice youre hearing is actually real.Thats because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理)and automation technologies that are about to become widely av
353、ailable for anyone to use. At this years I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with
354、 robocalls much worse.The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.A decade of data breaches(数据侵入)of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mothers name, and far more.Armed with this knowledge, theyre able to carry out i
355、ndividually targeted campaigns to cheat people.This means, for example,that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank tellers, tricking you into confirming your address, mothers name, and card number. Scammers fo
356、llow money, so companies will be the worst hit.A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks.Phone carriers and con
357、sumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications using apps like
358、 FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.38.How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls?A. Panicked. B. Confused.C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed.39
359、.Taking advantage of the new technologies, scammers can .A. aim at victims preciselyB. damage databases easilyC. start campaigns rapidlyD. spread information widely40.What does the passage imply?A. Honesty is the best policy.B. Technologies can be double-edged.C. There are more solutions than proble
360、ms.D. Credibility holds the key to development.41.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is RootedB. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of RobocallsC. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More DangerousD. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Techn
361、ology题组4 自然生态和环境保护Passage 192020全国,B语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文电影行业中动物演员的使用2346分钟 When Rise of the Planet of the Apes was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they werent there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead,
362、 one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: Thanks for not using real apes(猿)! The creative team behind Apes used motion-capture (动作捕捉)technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an
363、actors performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image(图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.Yet Apes is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of ani
364、mals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including Water for Elephants, The Hangover Part and Zookeeper, have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them havent been treated properly.In some cases, its n
365、ot so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; its the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in th
366、e States.24.Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?A. To see famous film stars.B. To oppose wearing fur coats.C. To raise money for animal protection.D. To express thanks to some filmmakers.25.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. The cost of making Apes.B. The creation of d
367、igitalized apes.C. The publicity about Apes.D. The performance of real apes.26.What does the underlined phrase keeping tabs on in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.27.What can we infer from the last paragraph a
368、bout animal actors?A. They may be badly treated.B. They should take further training.C. They could be traded illegally.D. They would lose popularity.Passage 202020新高考(海南),D语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文神奇的热带雨林3078分钟Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you belie
369、ve that a single bush(灌木丛) in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest. Rainforests are the lungs of the planet storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the w
370、orlds oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy (树冠层) of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds. Amazingly, the trees gr
371、ow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, a
372、nimals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life. They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can g
373、enerate 75% of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it wont keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise te
374、n to twenty feet. The humidity (湿气) of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain. 32.What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph?A. They produce oxygen. B. They cover a vast area. C. They are well managed. D. They
375、 are rich in wildlife. 33.Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests?A. Heavy rains. B. Big trees.C. Small plants. D. Forest animals.34.Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other?A. For more sunlight. B. For more growing space. C. For self
376、-protection. D. For the detection of insects. 35.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Life-Giving RainforestsB. The Law of the Jungle C. Animals in the AmazonD. Weather in RainforestsPassage 212019北京,D语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文微生物对海洋颜色的影响及其研究意义3868分钟By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world
377、s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.
378、 Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the oceans appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pul
379、l carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean
380、and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MITs Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up
381、 by 3, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will
382、 turn greener. Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing, she said, but the type of phytoplankton is changing.And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, it will change the type of
383、 fish that will be able to survive. Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. Itll be a while before we can statistically show that the
384、 changes are happening because of climate change, Dutkiewicz said, but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.42.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.B. The cause of
385、the changes in ocean colour.C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.43.What does the underlined word vulnerable in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial.C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable.44.What can we learn from the passage?A.
386、 Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.B. Dutkiewiczs model aims to project phytoplankton changes.C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.45.What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To assess the consequen
387、ces of ocean colour changes.B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.Passage 222019浙江,C语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文加利福尼亚州的森林中大树减少的原因2987分钟California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s
388、, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素).The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy n
389、orthern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre
390、, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).But in comparing a study of California forest
391、s done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest
392、water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪).Since the 1930s, M
393、cIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.27.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The ser
394、iousness of big-tree loss in California.B. The increasing variety of California big trees.C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.28.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?A. Ecological studies of
395、forests.B. Banning woodcutting.C. Limiting housing development.D. Fire control measures.29.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season.C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.30.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Cali
396、fornias Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonC. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D. Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in CaliforniaPassage 232019天津,C语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文生态系统与食物网3568分钟How does an ecosystem(生态系统)wor
397、k? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.With such models, scientists have found out some key principl
398、es operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物), the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may
399、 be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction (灭绝) of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch
400、allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists
401、proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species including species they did not directly attack.And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fishe
402、d for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance. Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt
403、 human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point (临界点), it is remarkably difficult for them to return.46.What have scientists di
404、scovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs?A. The living habits of species in food webs.B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.47.A strong link is fou
405、nd between two species when a predator .A. has a wide food choiceB. can easily find new preyC. sticks to one prey speciesD. can quickly move to another place48.What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.B.
406、The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.49.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4?A. Uncontrolled human activities gr
407、eatly upset ecosystems.B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.C. Species of commercial value dominate other species.D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.50.How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance?A. By getting illegal practices under c
408、ontrol.B. By stopping us from killing large predators.C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.Passage 242018浙江,B语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间议论文塑料袋和可重复使用纸袋2776分钟Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense w
409、hen you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.Americans use more than
410、100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring
411、scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers arguments: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plas
412、tic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cance
413、ls out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists dont dispute(质疑)these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shopper
414、s to use the same reusable bags for years.24.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A. Help increase grocery sales.B. Recycle the waste material.C. Stop things falling off trucks.D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.25.What does the word headwinds in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Bans on plastic bags.B. E
415、ffects of city development.C. Headaches caused by garbage.D. Plastic bags hung in trees.26.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A. They are quite expensive.B. Replacing them can be difficult.C. They are less strong than plastic bags.D. Producing them requires more
416、energy.27.What is the best title for the text?A. Plastic, Paper or NeitherB. Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC. Recycle or Throw AwayD. Garbage Collection and Waste Control答 案题型一阅读理解【答案速查】Passage 1ABD Passage 2BDC Passage 3AABCPassage 4CADD Passage 5ADCB Passage 6ACBAPassage 7DBAB Passage 8CBDD P
417、assage 9ABDDPassage 10CBCD Passage 11BADD Passage 12CDBBPassage 13BACD Passage 14DCBC Passage 15BDACPassage 16ADBB Passage 17ABDD Passage 18DBCBPassage 19CDBA Passage 20CDBA Passage 21CADDPassage 22DBCD Passage 23CABA Passage 24BABA题组1细节理解题Passage 1该文介绍了第五次年度探索Greater Portland周围历史遗迹的旅游项目,包括时间、地点、票价和
418、志愿者服务等信息。1.A考查细节理解。根据题干中的关键词the purpose定位到原文第一段的第一、二句Join us for our fifth annual exploration.to the public,由此可知,该旅行的目的在于探索不熟悉的历史遗迹,故A项正确。2.B考查细节理解。根据题干中的关键词pay定位到原文Tickets中的$25/Adult MHS Member;$35/Adult General Admission;$5/Junior under age 18,由此可知,一对夫妻(其中一位是MHS会员)加一个孩子,所需票价是25+35+5=65美元,故B项正确。3.D
419、考查细节理解。根据Volunteering部分中的Volunteers help for half the day of the tour and are given a free ticket to the tour to enjoy either before or after their volunteer shift!可知,志愿者可免费参加此次旅行,故D项正确。 Passage 2该文章是一篇在网站上发布的四则创新设计类比赛的相关信息。1.B考查细节理解。根据第一部分的主体内容可知,该比赛要求选手利用他们的创造力为残疾人的无障碍环境做出创新、经济、实用的解决方案,故选B。2.D考查细节
420、理解。根据Clean Tech Competition部分第二句可知,该竞赛旨在加深对STEM相关概念的理解,发现优秀人才,培养下一代具有全球竞争力的创新者,故D选项找到有天赋的青少年,并培养他们的创新能力正确。3.C考查细节理解。根据每一部分的Deadline的内容可知,C项正确。Passage 3北爱尔兰地区的孔子学院成立的部分原因是满足学校现有的需求。自2012年创办以来,它的规模不断扩大,其合作的部分中小学将普通话列为特定年龄段的学生的必修课程。孔子学院在多个国家和地区均有分布,中国文化借助孔子学院在全球得到进一步的传播。1.A考查推断判断。根据题干中的关键词the performan
421、ce定位到第一段和第二段的第一句,由此可知,孩子们为了这次演出在阿尔斯特大学孔子学院中文老师的帮助下排练了六周,且此次演出在北爱尔兰首府贝尔法斯特的议会大厦进行,由此可推知当地人对这次演出的态度是认真的,故A项正确。 2.A考查细节理解。根据题干中的compulsory定位到第二段中的A quarter of the institutes 161 partner primary and secondary schools have made Mandarin learning compulsory for certain age groups,由此可知在该孔子学院的161所合作中小学中,有四分
422、之一的学校将普通话列为特定年龄段学生的必修课。故A项正确。3.B考查细节理解。 根据题干中的set up定位到第三段中的Our Confucius Institute was established partly in response to existing demand from schools可知,建立孔子学院的部分原因是满足学校现有的需求,故B项正确。4.C考查细节理解。 根据题干中的purpose定位到第四段中的The Chinese government launched the Confucius Institute concept in 2004 as a way of pro
423、moting the Chinese language and culture abroad可知,中国政府于2004年提出了孔子学院的概念,是为了在国外推广汉语和中国文化,故C项正确。Passage 4森林正在减少,森林里的动物数量也在减少,没有这些动物,森林就无法发挥我们需要的功能。如果我们想要扭转全球生物多样性下降的趋势和防止气候危机,我们就需要保护森林和生活在森林里的物种。1.C考查细节理解。 根据文章第三段中的The results show that forest animal populations have declined by 53% worldwide, and human
424、s are to blame可知,森林动物的数量已经减少了,故C项正确。2.A考查细节理解。 根据文章第四段中的However, a combination of habitat destruction, hunting, the spread of invasive species, climate change, and diseases is killing off forest animals可知,文中提到五种森林动物减少的原因,故A项正确。 3.D考查细节理解。 根据文章第七段中的One of the most critical roles forests play is in ea
425、sing climate change可知,森林最重要的作用之一是缓解气候变化,故D项正确。 4.D考查观点态度。根据第八段中Winter所说的话Without animals.could be lost without animals以及该段最后一句话对Winter所说的话的进一步阐释可知,Susanne Winter会赞成D项的观点,故D项正确。Passage 5空腹锻炼也不一定适用于每个人。对于55岁以上的老年人来说,在锻炼前吃点东西是很重要的,尤其是在早上;但是对于以减肥为目标的人来说,在禁食状态下锻炼能燃烧更多的脂肪。1.A考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句Exercising befo
426、re eating comes with the risk of feeling light-headed due to low blood sugar可知,吃东西前锻炼会有因为低血糖而感到头晕的风险,故作者建议饭后锻炼,故A项正确。2.D考查细节理解。根据第三段,尤其是该段第二句中的Some people advocate for fasted exercise, but these people tend to be young and in amazing physical shape可知,体形良好的运动员可能倾向于空腹锻炼,故D项正确。3.C考查细节理解。根据尾段Shivani Sah
427、ni所说的话可知,Shivani Sahni建议在运动后喝点水,等60到90分钟再吃东西;如果能坚持一小时或一个半小时不吃东西,你就能最大限度地燃烧脂肪。据此可知,Shivani Sahni建议人们在锻炼后一段时间内不吃东西,故C项正确。4.B考查观点态度。根据第二段可知,作者认为吃东西前锻炼会有因为低血糖而感到头晕的风险,对于55岁以上的老年人来说,在锻炼前吃点东西是很重要的;但是对于以减肥为目标的人来说,空腹锻炼能燃烧更多的脂肪。结合第三段内容可知,空腹锻炼需要合理计划和专业监督,否则会有健康风险。据此可以判断,作者对空腹锻炼持谨慎态度,故B项正确。Passage 6该文介绍了一位小男孩因
428、ADCY5基因突变而患有运动障碍,他的日常生活和学习受到了极大的影响。一群法国医生受到了一位男士的亲身经历的启发,从而发现咖啡是针对该疾病的一种较好的治疗方法,最终使小男孩能正常生活和学习。1.A考查细节理解。根据第一段中的A young boy had a genetic disorder known as ADCY5-related dyskinesia可知,小男孩运动能力差是由一种与基因相关的疾病造成的,故选A。2.C考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句Caused by changes in the ADCY5 gene.legs and neck可知,患有与ADCY5有关的运动障碍的病人可
429、能会遭受肌肉绷紧的困扰,故C项正确。3.B考查细节理解。根据第三段中的French doctors were quite interested when a father with the disorder claimed he could prevent the unwanted movements by drinking coffee和第四段中的So doctors decided to treat the boy with coffee to see if it might help可知,医生们受到一位男士的个人经历的启发而找到了针对该疾病的一种治疗方法,故选B。4.A考查文章出处。全文
430、主要讲述了一位因ADCY5基因突变而患有运动障碍的小男孩,他的日常生活和学习受到了极大的影响,一群法国医生受到了一位男士的亲身经历的启发,从而发现咖啡是针对该疾病的一种较好的治疗方法,最终使小男孩能正常生活和学习。这样的故事常见于杂志,故A项正确。题组2主旨大意题Passage 7 本文主要讲的是志愿者帮助解救被困在运河里的四只海豚的故事。1.D考查细节理解。 根据文章第一段中的four dolphins which had been stranded(搁浅) in a canal for four days可知,D项正确。 2.B考查细节理解。 根据文章第二段中的They shouted a
431、nd patted.to direct the dolphins to vast expanses of Riviera Bay可知,志愿者们喊叫、拍打水面是为了引导海豚前往里维埃拉湾,故B项正确。3.A考查细节理解。 根据第二段第一句话中的the brave volunteers,并结合文章讲述的志愿者帮助解救被困在运河里的海豚的故事可知,志愿者们是勇敢且乐于助人的,故A项正确。4.B考查主旨大意。 本文讲述志愿者帮助解救被困在运河里的四只海豚的故事,故B项正确。Passage 8文章介绍了故宫博物院与华为公司合作,意在应用5G最新技术提升故宫博物院管理水平的相关情况。1.C考查细节理解。根
432、据文章第二段中的 thanks to an agreement.to build a smart network using 5G technology及第三段中的 Shan said there is still much room for improvement in the handling of a huge number of cultural relics可知故宫博物院与华为公司合作是为了提升其管理水平,故选C。2.B考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在句可知,画线词指第三段中的 The museum ended up preparing instant noodles to serve
433、the hungry visitors所描述的情况,因此画线词与B项的含义最为接近。3.D考查写作目的。根据文章第四段中的 More than 1.86.worldwide及How can we make sure no single visitor who might have evil ideas threatens these treasures可知,数字说明了文物保护的艰难。4.D考查最佳标题。通读文章可知, 本文讲述了故宫博物院与华为公司合作,应用5G技术提升故宫博物院管理水平的相关情况,这是有着悠久历史的故宫与先进的技术的结合,故选D。Passage 9本文主要介绍了Starshi
434、p Technologies公司推出的机器人送包裹这一服务的相关内容。1.A考查细节理解。根据第二段中的The autonomous machines were part of a pilot program last year by Starship Technologies可知,机器人送包裹的服务是Starship Technologies公司试验项目的一部分,故选A。2.B考查词义猜测。根据画线词后的plans to broaden.to include packages并结合选项和语境可知,此处表示本周,该公司透露了他们会把快递服务从食品拓宽到包裹的计划,由此可知画线词unveiled
435、的词义应该为(首次)透露(新计划),故B项Released的词义与其最为接近。3.D考查段落大意。通读最后一段可知,本段主要介绍了当前机器人送包裹这一服务仍存在一些障碍,但是该公司的机器人送包裹的服务一直在发展中,故D项正确。4.D考查最佳标题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了Starship Technologies公司推出的机器人送包裹的服务的相关内容,故D项适合作全文的标题。Passage 10外卖行业竞争激烈,吸引了阿里巴巴和软银等全球最大的富豪。但盈利的主要还是老公司,新公司往往亏损。快递行业潜在规模巨大,但是送餐业务是否能够获利并不能确定。1.C考查细节理解。根据第二段倒数第二句The
436、ir relatively simple business model, in which they take a cut of the bill from the restaurants, has enabled Grubhub and Just Eat to turn a profit for years可知,老公司是通过从餐馆中抽取利润来赚钱的,故C项正确。2.B考查细节理解。根据第四段内容尤其是第一句The only mouth-watering aspect of the delivery business is its potential size可知,快递业务唯一令人垂涎的是它潜
437、在的规模,快递业务发展前景广阔,很有吸引力,故B项正确。3.C考查观点态度。根据尾段前两句可知,作者并不清楚是否任何人都能通过送餐赚钱,并认为经济情况可能更糟。据此可以推知,作者对送餐赚钱持不确定的态度,故C项正确。4.D考查最佳标题。结合全文内容可知,本文具体分析了送餐业务的现状及前景,送餐业务是否能够获利并不能确定,故D项最适合作本文的标题。Passage 11尽管有机农业能减少接触化学品并能改善生物的种类,减少环境污染,但是也导致粮食产量大幅下降,不得不增加粮食进口量,这又促使更多温室气体的排放,加剧气候变化。1.B考查细节理解。根据第二段,特别是该段尾句With less food i
438、n the market, the countries would need to increase food imports, which would produce more global greenhouse gas emissions可知,随着有机农业在英格兰的推广,其粮食产量将减少,从而导致粮食进口量的增加,故B项正确。2.A考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句可知,有机农业也会增加吸碳量,即二氧化碳被植物从大气中吸收并储存在土壤中,故A项正确。 3.D考查段落大意。通读尾段可知,该段主要讲了有机农业对环境的益处,故D项正确。4.D考查最佳标题。通读全文可知,文章既介绍了有机农业带来的负面
439、影响导致粮食产量下降,粮食进口量增加,促使更多温室气体的排放,加剧气候变化,又说明了有机农业的好处能减少接触化学品并能改善生物的种类等。故有机农业是把双刃剑最适合作为本文的标题。故D项正确。Passage 12本文主要介绍了一项研究发现,即久坐不动对大脑健康有伤害,而站立却可以通过提高大脑认知能力来让我们的大脑变得更健康。1.C考查细节理解。第三段讲到你在椅子上待的时间越长,对你的大脑健康越不利,可能会对学习和记忆造成损害。第四段讲到即使是剧烈的锻炼,可能也不足以保护你免受久坐的有害影响,由此可知C项正确。2.D考查词义猜测。画线词所在的第五段主题句为段首句,意为结果令人惊讶的是,你甚至不需要
440、多动就能提高认知能力;只要站着就行了,紧接着作者用了一个实验来佐证该论点,实验结果是站着的人以3毫秒的差额赢了坐着的人,因此推断画线词意为差额,故D项正确。difference差额。3.B考查细节理解。根据题干中的received idea about deep thought定位到文章倒数第二段,可知我们的小学老师告诉我们要坐下来集中注意力,罗丹著名的作品思想家则手托下巴坐着,故B项正确。4.B考查文章大意。本文主要介绍了一项研究发现,即久坐不动对大脑健康有伤害,而站立却可以通过提高大脑认知能力来让我们的大脑变得更健康。故B项正确。题组3推理判断题Passage 13本文主要讲的是残疾儿子想
441、要参加跑步比赛,父亲为了儿子,用轮椅推着他参加跑步比赛的感人故事。1.B考查推理判断。根据题干中的grew up定位到文章第二段,由该段内容可知Rick能看能听能思考,又根据第三段中的use his head movement to tap out words and phrases可知,他只是不能说话,故B项正确。 2.A考查推理判断。根据题干中的Go, Bruins!定位到文章第四段中的We knew right then and there that he understood everything,and that he loved sports and followed the ga
442、me just like anyone else,由此可知,Rick热爱体育运动,像其他人一样关注比赛,故A项正确。3.C考查细节理解。根据题干中的Team Hoyt定位到文章第七段中的With the father pushing his disabled son in a wheelchair,the father-son Team Hoyt began running races,由此可知,父亲用轮椅推着残疾的儿子,父子霍伊特队开始了赛跑,故C项正确。4.D考查推理判断。 最后一段说的是:有人曾问Rick如果他能给他父亲一样东西,他会给什么。Rick回答说他最喜欢的事情是让他爸爸坐在椅子
443、上,他可以推他爸爸一次。由此可看出Rick对父亲是感激的,故D项正确。Passage 14老树给我们带来很多好处,但是我们往往只想到种植树木而忽视保护现有的树木。1.D考查推理判断。画线部分的上文说的是成为老树爱好者的代价之一就是经常失去,画线部分的字面意思是一个你喜爱的美丽灵魂,又结合第一段最后一句Many valuable old trees died即可推断,美丽的灵魂说的就是珍贵的老树,因此画线部分说的是对珍贵的老树的热爱,故D项正确。 2.C考查细节理解。根据题干中的worried about定位到第二段中的I heard from many people concerned abo
444、ut their trees,根据该处的后两句可知,作者几乎无能为力的原因是公共和私人城市树木资源和项目几乎完全是为了种树,而不是维护树木,故C项正确。 3.B考查推理判断。通读第三段可知,本段主要通过呈现研究发现说明了老树带给我们的好处,文中Scientists are learning that和In a recent study, researchers found that是提示,故B项正确。4.C考查推理判断。作者在最后一段提到我们想要树木保护我们,但我们却不保护它们,紧接着作者打了一个比方:人们生下婴儿后不可能对其不管不顾就期望婴儿能成功,孩子需要照料,我们就有了学校和儿童健康保险
445、项目,由此可推知,作者提到照料婴儿是为了提倡像人类照顾婴儿那样保护树木,故C项正确。Passage 15本文首先介绍了中医独特的理论和疗法,随后指出中医正在获得世界范围内的认可,且因其在提高新冠肺炎治愈率上的有效性而重新出现在新闻中。1.B考查代词指代。第三段第一句讲的是针刺疗法的相关内容,根据语境可知,此处表示针刺疗法经常伴随灸法,故It指的是Acupuncture。2.D考查推理判断。根据第四段内容可知,第一部明确谈到针刺疗法和灸法的文献就是黄帝内经,它是最早和最重要的中医书面著作,并被认为是中国最具代表性的医学文本,故选D它极大地促进了中医的发展。3.A考查写作目的。文章前半部分介绍了中
446、医独特的理论和疗法,后面说中医正逐渐受到世界范围内的认可,由此可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是向世人介绍中医。4.C考查推理判断。由最后一段最后一句可知,自2020年1月新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来,因其在提高治愈率上的成效,中医再次出现在新闻当中,故可推知下面一段内容将围绕中医如何帮助解决目前情况而展开,故选C。Passage 16本文作者主要分享了自己珍视的一段友谊及其对友谊的理解。1.A考查推理判断。根据第二段中的But there were no quiet moments. Weve lived in different cities for almost a decade. Reunions
447、demand conversation可知,作者与朋友很多年没有见面了,因此见面以后有说不完的话,据此可以推断,她们可能会一直聊过去这些年的生活经历,故选A。2.D考查推理判断。 根据第四段中的As my long weekend shows, with such friends we dont have to do well, but we simply have to be ourselves. We drop the act, the performance and the public version of ourselves可知,作者认为和真正的好朋友在一起时,我们只需做自己就行了,
448、由此可推知D项正确。3.B考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的whose continuation is worth the extra effort, despite distance and difference in our separate lives可以推断,良好的友谊需要人们付出额外的努力,故选B。4.B考查写作目的。本文主要讲述了作者与其最好的朋友之间的友谊及其对于友谊的理解,所以作者写这篇文章主要是为了分享自己珍视的一段友谊,故B项正确。Passage 17中国的电子商务平台为中国农民的农产品打开了市场,网上销售量逐步增加;直播成为一种使农民摆脱贫困的新方式。本文介绍了海南一农民教育
449、和培训中心向农民传授直播销售技能的相关情况。1.A考查写作目的。通读第一段可知,该段描述了江西某村庄一位外国人做直播帮助当地农民在网上销售苹果获得良好效果的情况;接着第二段提出本文主题:中国的电子商务平台为中国农民的农产品打开了市场,带来了越来越多的网上销售量。据此可知,第一段旨在引入主题,故A项正确。2.B考查推理判断。根据第三段,特别是该段中的However, at first, only a few villagers had a strong desire可知,当一个农民教育培训中心向农民传授直播销售技能时,只有少数村民愿意学习;据此可以推知,开始时大多数农民对这种培训持怀疑态度,B项
450、意为怀疑,故B项正确。A项意为非常兴奋,极为激动。3.D考查细节理解。根据第三段内容可知,海南省一个农民教育培训中心邀请专业人士对农民进行多方面的直播销售技能培训;通读尾段可知,自2018年起,全国农村电子商务示范工程启动实施;下一步,政府将培养更多的农民直播主播。据此可知,D项正确。4.D考查文章出处。通读全文可知,文章先描述了江西某村庄里,一位外国朋友正在直播销售苹果,那天的销售量大增;接着提出主题:中国的电子商务平台为中国农民的农产品打开了市场,网上销售量逐步增加;直播成为一种使农民摆脱贫困的新方式,移动电话成为新的农具,然后介绍了海南一农民教育和培训中心向农民传授直播销售技能的相关情况
451、。据此可以判断,文章最可能摘自头版文章,故D项正确。Passage 18本文主要讲的是作者停止取悦别人的经历及其感悟。1.D考查细节理解。根据第一段中的Saying no produces a feeling of guilt and saying yes brings anger可知,D项正确。2.B考查推理判断。根据第二段中的I grew up in a household.an A meant the lesson was too easy可推断出,作者的父母对他们抱有很高的期望,故B项正确。3.C考查段落大意。根据第三段的第二句并结合下文的The very first thing An
452、d then The third可知,第三段讲述作者如何停止取悦他人,故C项正确。4.B考查推理判断。根据最后一段内容可知,有时候帮助别人实际上会伤害他们,有时候允许人们努力是你能为他们做的最好的事情,故可推知B项正确。题组4词义猜测题Passage 19三岁时我随着父亲在海滩玩耍,曾被海浪撞倒过,自此我对水产生了恐惧;十一岁学习游泳时,我被一个男孩扔进游泳池,这次经历让我自此避免水。但我仍然想享受游泳的乐趣,于是我请了专业指导老师,指导结束后我仍然没有克服对水的恐惧。后来在一次游泳中,我终于克服了对水的恐惧。1.C考查细节理解。根据第二段,特别是该段前两句可知,作者对水的恐惧源于三岁的时候被
453、父亲带到海滩,被海浪撞倒的经历,故C项正确。2.D考查细节理解。根据第三段中的But I was not frightenedto come out of the surface可知,作者并没有吓得要死,因为他认为一旦他的脚着池底,他能猛跃,跳出水面。据此可知,作者并不害怕的原因是他想到了跳出水面的方法,故D项正确。3.B考查词义猜测。根据画线句的下句Sometimes the terror would return可知,有时恐惧还会卷土重来;据此可以判断,画线句表示作者还没能克服恐惧,故B项正确。4.A考查最佳标题。结合全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了作者克服对水的恐惧的过程,故A项最适合作本文
454、的标题。Passage 20日本为2020年东京奥运会做了精心的准备,但它却因新冠肺炎大流行病而被推迟到2021年,这对日本是一个巨大的打击。但是,这是一个正确的决定,应得到支持。1.C考查代词指代。根据第三段中的If it is not brought under control, the harm done to human society by the pandemic could be more serious and far-reaching than even the two world wars可知,如果不被控制,流行病对人类社会所造成的危害甚至比两次世界大战更严重,由此可知,i
455、t指代流行病,故C项正确。2.D 考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的including renovating and upgrading its infrastructure and sports venues, such as rebuilding Tokyos Olympic Stadium at a cost of $1.45 billion 可知,日本对基础设施和体育馆进行翻新和升级,耗资14.5亿美元重建东京的奥林匹克体育场。由此可知,日本对这一体育赛事做了精心的准备。A项意为明智地;B项意为最近;C项意为容易地;D项意为精确地,认真地,一丝不苟地,故选D项。3.B考查细节理解。根据第六段
456、前两句可知,国际社会应该感谢日本为奥运会所做的一切,这届奥运会尽管被推迟到2021年,但仍然被称为2020年东京奥运会和残奥会,由此可推知,因日本所做的牺牲,这届奥运会仍会被称为2020年东京奥运会和残奥会。故B项正确。4.A考查推理判断。根据最后一段内容可知,所有奥林匹克大家庭成员在奥运会尊重和理解精神的指引下,在道义上,一定会支持日本度过奥运会历史上最困难的时刻。由此可推知,奥林匹克大家庭会支持日本。故A项正确。Passage 21一个人什么时候变老是个永恒的问题。本文就此介绍了相关的研究情况。1.C考查段落大意。根据第一段第二句中的not only does the definition
457、 of oldfor aging populations可知,本段主要讲的是对老的定义的重要性。故选C。2.A考查词义猜测。根据第三段最后一句Everyone with the same prospective age has the same expected remaining years of life并结合语境可推知,prospective age即the expected remaining years of life。故选A。3.D考查细节理解。根据第四段第一句中的their common reference point is life expectancy可知,年轻和年老的共同参
458、照标准是预期寿命。故选D。4.D考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句中的Those with more education tend not to smoke, exercise more frequently, have better diets and have regular checkups and, therefore, live longer可知,受教育更多的人活得更长,由此可推知,提高受教育水平有助于一个人活得更长。故选D。Passage 22本文主要介绍了一种通过玩捉迷藏自学合作技能的人工智能机器人,这些机器人还学会了使用基本工具来帮助自己获胜。1.D考查细节理解。根据第二段可知
459、,OpenAI的Bowen Baker和他的同事们想看看OpenAI Five的人工智能机器人的团队互动能否被用来产生将来对人类有用的技能,故D项正确。2.B考查段落大意。通读第三段可知,该段主要介绍了研究的设计:研究人员将机器人置于一个充满固定墙壁、可移动的盒子和梯子的模拟环境中,让它们玩团队捉迷藏游戏;且彼此不能直接交流。故B项正确。3.C考查词义猜测。根据第五段第一句But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults可知,但真正令人惊讶的是,机器人开始利用问题或失误且第五段给出
460、了相应的例子;结合尾段第一句可以判断,该句主语It指代的是机器人利用错误,故C项正确。4.D考查推理判断。根据尾段尾句中Chelsea Finn所说的话The main limitation is that it is in simulation可知,Chelsea Finn认为主要的局限在于机器人的互动是处于模拟状态下的。据此可以判断,Chelsea Finn认为超出模拟范围,这种结果可能不会发生。故D项正确。Passage 23研究发现,头像照片与性格之间有一定的关系。性格外向者更倾向于在头像照片中摆不寻常的姿势,照片的颜色也最鲜艳,而神经质的人经常会抑制自己的负面情绪,避免展示脸。1.C
461、考查细节理解。根据题中的neurotic people定位到文章第三段中的neurotic people often hold back their negative emotions和Thats because neurotic people are strongly influenced by the strong social norm against a very sad or angry appearance in profile pictures,由此可知,神经质的人避免展示他们的脸是因为他们不想暴露他们的负面形象,故C项正确。2.A考查词义猜测。画线词所在句的后半部分说的是因为他
462、们想强调自己的个性,展示自己,因此可推断画线词意为性格外向者,故A项正确。3.B考查观点态度。根据题干中的 the choice of a profile photo定位到文章最后一段中的So, when choosing a profile photo, maybe we should ask ourselves first what kind of image wed like to convey. After all, first impressions always last,由此可推知作者对选择个人头像照片持谨慎的态度,故B项正确。4.A考查主旨大意。通读全文可知,本文主要围绕一项研
463、究展开,该研究探讨的是头像照片与性格之间的关系,故A项正确。Passage 24本文主要介绍了中国努力研制新冠疫苗的相关情况。1.B考查文章出处。通读全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了中国努力研制新冠疫苗的相关情况,据此可以判断,本文属于新闻报道,故B项正确。2.A考查词义猜测。根据画线词组后面的against the deadly novel coronavirus并结合语境可知,此处表示推行防新型冠状病毒的免疫接种,故A项正确。3.B考查推理判断。根据第四段内容可知,截至6月,中国已基本控制住了新冠肺炎疫情,目前正在处理少量的疫情爆发;中国新发现的新冠肺炎病例不符合三期试验的必要条件,因此科兴生
464、物技术公司与巴西达成了协议,巴西的感染病例数量当时在世界上排名第二,报告的感染病例超过360万。据此可以推断,三期试验的必要条件是要有足够数量的感染者。故B项正确。4.A考查最佳标题。通读全文可知,文章第三段中的CoronaVac, the vaccine candidate from Sinovac, is part of Chinas push to be at the forefront of rolling out immunizations(免疫接种) against the deadly novel coronavirus点出了文章的主题,全文围绕中国努力研制新冠疫苗展开。故A项适
465、合作本文的标题。【答案速查】Passage 1ACBPassage 2CCD Passage 3BADD Passage 4BCDD Passage 5BBC Passage 6DCCAPassage 7DBBA Passage 8DDAC Passage 9BCDAPassage 10ADABPassage 11BDCDC Passage 12ABCAPassage 13BDCAPassage 14DBC Passage 15DABAPassage 16DCBDPassage 17CBAD Passage 18DABCPassage 19DBDAPassage 20DBCA Passage
466、21BADCPassage 22ADCA Passage 23BCDAD Passage 24DADA题组1文学、艺术与文化Passage 1本文是一则参赛须知,就比赛主题、奖项设置和参赛规则给出了相关信息。1.A考查细节理解。根据Prizes部分的 3 Grand Prizes中的for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winners choice可知,对特等奖获得者来说,他可以带自己的父母中的一个人且可再自选一个人参加这次免费的旅行,故选A。2.C考查细节理解。根据Prizes部分的 50 Honora
467、ble Mentions中的内容可知,评委选出的50名荣誉提名奖获得者会获得一件T恤衫。3.B考查细节理解。根据Rules部分的第一条规则可知,参赛作品的字数不得超过100词,所以B项写一首120词的诗作是不合格的。Passage 2本文介绍了Jo Usmar最喜欢的四本书。21.C考查代词指代。由标题My Favourite Books以及第一段内容可知,文章是以Jo Usmar的口吻进行写作的。故选C。22.C考查细节理解。根据After Dark部分中的Its about two sisters Eri,a model who either wont or cant stop sleep
468、ing, and Mari, a young student可知答案为C。23.D考查细节理解。根据Gone Girl部分中的but the horror story is brilliant可知答案为D。Passage 3本文主要介绍中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响,展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。24.B考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句中的The exhibition had record attendance可知,这次在纽约的展览拥有破纪录的出席人数,故选B。25.A考查细节理解。根据第四段中的Chinese models are the faces of beauty an
469、d fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement可知,中国女性不仅是时尚的消费者,她们还是时尚发展的核心。据此可知答案为A。26.D考查词义猜测。根据第四段最后一句中的and beating them hands down in design and sales可知,三位中国最优秀的时装设计者在设计和销量方面击败了三位顶尖西方设计
470、师,据此可推知take on在该句中表示 与较量,故选D。27.D考查标题判断。本文主要介绍了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响,展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。故选D。A项(向世界推销梦想的年轻模特)与文章内容不符;B项(在纽约举办的一次中国艺术展)以偏概全;C项(东西方美学的差异)范畴过大。Passage 4本文主要介绍了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中弘扬中国传统文化,他曾荣获有建筑学界诺贝尔奖之称的普利兹克建筑奖。28.B考查推理判断。根据第二段中的Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker A
471、rchitecture Prize which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture on February 28 可知,中国49岁的建筑设计师王澍获得了2012年普利兹克建筑奖,即他的作品赢得了国际的认同和肯定,从而可推断中国的建筑设计师获得了国际认可,故选B。A项曲解文意:王澍获奖并不意味着中国的建筑设计师正紧跟世界最新潮流;C项和D项均属无中生有。29.C考查细节理解。根据第四段中的The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chines
472、e universities和 The curves(曲线)of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view可知,杭州香山学院的建筑风格与中国大多数大学的校园建筑风格有很大差异,建筑曲线与山峦的起伏完美搭配,形成了独特的风景。故选C。A项 Its hilly environment(丘陵环境)曲解文意;B项和D项属无中生有。30.D考查细节理解。根据第五段中的This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixt
473、ure of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素)可知,王澍的作品之所以引起了广泛的关注,是因为他在作品中将现代和传统的中国元素进行了融合,构成了传统与现代(即新与旧)的和谐,故选D。31.D考查细节理解。根据最后一段可知,对传统的研究应该与实践联系起来,否则它的再创造就会是不自然的、空洞的。故选D。A项Spread them to the world属无中生有;B项Preserve them at museums与第七段内容不符;文章以大学校园为例说明王澍如何在建筑中体现中国传统,他并未建议在大学里教授中国传统,故C项错误。Passage 5
474、本文是一篇说明文,讲述了美国的汽车经济带动了其他经济的发展,但与此同时,也带来了严重的环境问题。28.B考查推理判断。根据第二段中的The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture .even the hamburger可知,汽车业的快速发展带动了大量体现美国文化的其他行业的发展。由此可知,本段提到汉堡包的目的在于说明汽车对美国文化的影响,故选B。29.B考查细节理解。根据第四段中的The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a g
475、lobal ecological disaster可知,汽车在美国的使用导致了环境问题,故选B。30.C考查观点态度。根据第五段中的but hopes for the best和文章最后一段可知,Friedman对美国的前景还是很看好的,故选C。Passage 6本文是一篇有关文化现象的说明文。文章主要介绍了爵士乐日的宗旨、当前爵士乐面临的挑战以及如何让爵士乐重新流行的设想。28.D考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April
476、 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures可知,联合国教科文组织最近把4月30日定为爵士乐日,旨在提高人们对爵士乐的认识。故选D。29.C考查代词指代。根据语境可知,画线词that指代上段Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and t
477、he music has failed to connect with younger generations,即爵士乐的听众群体持续缩小并趋于老龄化,而且这种音乐没能引起年轻一代的共鸣。故选C。30.C考查推理判断。根据第五段的内容,尤其是最后一句中的It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same可知,随着时代的发展,人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变,所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变,这样才能吸引更多的人。故选C。31.A考查主旨大意。本文介绍了为保护爵士乐,联合国教科文组织设立爵士乐日。根据全文内容
478、,尤其是第三至第六段中提到的Jason Moran对爵士乐的希望及看法可知,A项探索爵士乐的未来为本文的最佳标题。题组2社会生活与教育Passage 7重读一本读过很多次的书,感觉就像和老朋友喝酒一样。重读的美妙之处在于,我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的精神状态之上的。24.D考查推理判断。根据第二段首句及But with reading.pull their own weight可知,作者认为重读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系基于我们目前的精神状态,通过阅读时投入与汲取的过程,我们就能了解当下的自己。由此可推知,重读以前读过的书能让我们加深对自己的理解。因此答案为D。25.B细节理解题。根
479、据第三段中的Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time可知,A Moveable Feast讲述年迈的海明威回忆青年时代在巴黎度过的日子,因此本题答案为B。26. B词义猜测题。根据最后一段的第二句可知,作者认为,虽然金钱确实是令人愉悦而必要的,但重读作家的著作是读者对该作家的最高奖励,因此画线词在此处指奖励。 27.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的The third book is Julio Cort
480、zars Save Twilight:Selected Poems, because poetry可以推断作者喜爱诗歌。Passage 8 研究表明,与你一同进食的同伴会影响你的食物摄入量,想要减肥的人应当避免同食量大的瘦人一起进食。12.D考查主旨大意。通读全文可知,文章第一段为全文的主题段。我们的同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量,而且我们要避免与食量大的瘦人一起进食。结合全文内容可知,本文主要介绍了饮食行为,故D项正确。13.D考查词义猜测。根据第一段第二句And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid
481、eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid可知,与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭)相反,你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据contrary to可知,画线词与heavier people含义相反,故D项正确。14.A考查细节理解。根据第二段中的To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researc
482、hers conducted two experiments可知,为了验证社交影响对饮食习惯的影响,研究人员进行了两个实验;再结合下文介绍的两个实验可知,聘用演员参加实验旨在查看演员对参加实验的人的饮食习惯的影响,故A项正确。15.C考查推理判断。根据尾段中的If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I.because I see the results of his eating habits可知,如果这个同伴打算吃得更多,我也会吃得更多;但是,我们将调整这种影响。如果一个超重的人吃了很多,我会稍微保留一点,因为我看到了
483、他饮食习惯的结果。据此可以推知,我们对自己饮食的调整是以分析他人的饮食习惯和结果(即如何看待他人)为基础的,故C项正确。Passage 9调查报告发现,单独用餐在美国变得流行起来。28.B考查细节理解。根据第二段的统计数据可知,该段主要讲美国人的用餐习惯。故选B。29.C考查细节理解。根据第三段内容,尤其是最后一句中的Today,I just wanted some time to myself可知,Bechtel喜欢独自外出吃饭是因为她想拥有属于自己的时间。故选C。30.D考查细节理解。根据第四段中的chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first
484、-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流)可知,Mazoleny与酒吧服务员交流时可以直呼其名,可见Mazoleny熟悉酒吧服务员。31.A考查主旨大意。根据全文内容可知,本文主要讲单独用餐的趋势。Passage 10本文介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目,鼓励学生开发创新思维,培养实际生活技能。32.A考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the Internationa
485、l Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week可知,细菌很难被清除掉。故选A。33.D考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers可知,HUNCH项目的目的是把太空技术和学校教育结合起来。34.A考查细节理解。根据第三段中的Engineers come and really do an in-person review.Its a hard business review of
486、 your product可知,NASA的工程师们会检查学生们的作品。35.B考查标题判断。本文讲述的是美国一所中学与NASA合作的科研项目,让学生完成与太空技术有关的任务。B项与此内容密切相关,故选B。Passage 11本文讲述了小时候妈妈给我读书让我有了读书的渴望;随着年龄的增长,我越来越爱读书。读书伴我成长。时至今日,我依然热爱读书,也发现书中的可能性是无尽的。41.B考查细节理解。根据第二段中的Hearing Mom say, I cant believe whats printed in the newspaper this morning, made me want to gra
487、b it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew及本段主题句可知,作者渴望像她的妈妈那样知道发生了什么事。故选B。42.D考查细节理解。根据第三段中的My progress in reading raised my curiosity,and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I c
488、ould read all of the road signs we passed可知,读路标是举例说明我想要知道一切。故选D。43.C考查推理判断。根据第四段的内容可知,作者喜欢读事实性的书籍,因为其更具体,争议的空间小,C项提供真实客观的信息与之相符。44.D考查细节理解。根据第五段中的the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burden
489、s and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character.I just read to relax可知,作者发现自己所处的世界变得更复杂,读小说能让她暂时地逃离现实世界,进入一个令人愉悦而又神秘的世界,让她感到放松。故选D。45.C考查标题判断。本文讲述了小时候妈妈给作者读书让作者有了读书的渴望;随着年龄的增长,作者越来越爱读书;时至今日,作者依然热爱读书。故读书伴我成长作标题恰当。故选C。Passage 12本文是说明文,介绍了Common Sense Media(常识媒体)的一份研究报告
490、。报告展示了目前儿童阅读的趋势,并表明家长的示范和引领对儿童阅读习惯的培养作用非凡。28.A考查主旨大意。贯穿全文的一个关键词是report,这个report就是Common Sense Media发布的,因此从文章的第一段便可得出答案,常识媒体的报告是关于儿童阅读习惯的。29.B考查推理判断。文章第一段提出青少年和儿童更少地为了乐趣而阅读,文章第三段用一些数据来支持这一论点。由此可推知选B。30.C考查推理判断。根据文章第五段中的mainly due to concerns about increased screen time可以推出,家长限制孩子电子阅读的主要原因是担心孩子看屏幕的时间增
491、加,而长时间使用电子产品会对健康造成危害。由此可知应该选C。31.A考查细节理解。根据第六段第一句The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading可知,家长应该起模范带头作用,鼓励孩子多阅读。故选A。题组3科普研究与科技发展Passage 13研究发现居住在东南亚的巴瑶族人为了更好地生存,进化成了更好的潜水者。32.B考查推理判断。根据
492、第一段中的they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years可以推断,作者举例主要是为了告诉读者人类进化的新知识,故选B。33.D考查细节理解。根据第二段中的They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, theyve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters可知,巴瑶族人主要居住在沿海地区,故D项正确。34.C考查细节理解。根据第三段中的We wer
493、e so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders可知,年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的原因是他们可以在水下待很长时间,故选C。35.A考查标题判断。本文是一篇研究报道,根据第二段的研究结果a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation not to air or to food, but to the ocean可知,本文主要讲述了巴瑶族人为了更好地适应海上的生活,身体内基因发生了变化,所以A项适合作本文的标题。
494、Passage 14文章认为有挑战性的工作能够让人更好地保持大脑的活力。28.D考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中的assessed the volunteers memory and thinking skills可知,科学家对这些志愿者进行测试是为了研究和评估他们的记忆力和思考能力,故选D项。29.B考查推理判断。本题考查文章的写作手法。根据文章第四段中的This works just like physical exercise可知,Francisca Then把它与体育锻炼相比较,故采用的方法是对比法,故选B项。30.C考查标题判断。根据文章全文尤其是第一段中的Challenging wo
495、rkmight help your brain stay sharp as you age可知,本文主要说明了有挑战性的工作能更好地让你的头脑保持敏锐,故选C项。Passage 15某些形式的人工智能其实正被广泛地应用到生活中的很多领域,于是,一些人工智能先驱想要开发一个更加强大或完整的人工通用智能。但是,人工通用智能的未来很可观,同时风险也很大,其可能仍然处于梦想阶段。42.D考查词义猜测。根据下文中讲到的算法帮助人们在金融市场上进行了大量的交易,自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上,我们的智能手机正在把一种语言转化为另一种语言可知,人工智能被广泛地应用到生活中很多领域,所以画线词ubiquitou
496、s的意思应该与D项较为接近,故D项正确。43.A考查细节理解。根据第二段中的AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems可知,据其支持者称,AGI可以帮助我们解决问题,故A项正确。44.B考查观点态度。根据第三段首句可知,作者认为想象已经超越了可能性,然后举了Irving Good的想象的例子,即作者认为其看法是过于异想天开的,由此可以推断,作者对Irving Good在
497、超智能机器上的观点持反对态度,故B项正确。45.A考查推理判断。根据最后一段讲到的I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, if ever可以推断,我们在不久的将来可能不会看到AGI,故AGI可能只是一种梦想,所以A项正确。Passage 16 本文介绍了一种用智能键盘进行身份识别的技术。28.D考查细节理解。根据第一段的内容,尤其是第二句At present, these technologies are still expensive, though可知,现有的生物识别技术价格昂贵
498、;根据第二段第一句Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard可知,同样能够保护私人电子空间的智能键盘成本较低,故选D。29.C考查推理判断。根据第二段的内容可知,智能键盘能够准确地测量人们打字的节奏和力度,而打字模式因人而异,因此,智能键盘通过分析用户的打字模式进行身份识别,故选C。30.B考查细节理解。根据第四段的最后一句The team hopes to make it to
499、 market in the near future可知,该研究团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场,故选B。31.D考查文章出处。本文是一篇科技类说明文,可能出自杂志。diary日记;guidebook旅行指南;novel小说; magazine杂志。结合选项可知选D。Passage 17本文讲述了哈佛医学院科学家Margaret Livingstone及其带领的团队通过反复实验得出结论:猴子能算算术,且它们对大数值的关注超过小数值。32.C考查细节理解。根据第二段首句 A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associ
500、ate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward可知答案为C。33.B考查细节理解。根据第三段中的If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be
501、rewarded with the sum of the numbers 17 in this example可知答案为B。34.A考查推理判断。根据第四段 After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each com
502、bination 可知,大多数时候,猴子倾向于触摸更高的数值,这表明它们在进行计算,而不仅仅是记住每个数字组合的数值。35.D考查推理判断。通读全文可知,本文讲述了科学家们通过科学实验得出猴子能够算算术的结论。故选D。Passage 18随着科技的发展,诈骗手段越来越多样,自动语音电话给人们带来了受骗的风险。38.D考查推理判断。根据第一段中的Unfortunately, its too little, too late. By the time these solutions(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved on
503、to cleverer means可知,不幸的是,(作用)太微小了,也太晚了。等到这些解决方案被广泛使用时,不法分子就会转向更聪明的手段;由此可推知作者对自动语音电话问题的解决方案感到很失望,D项意为失望的,故D项正确。39.A考查细节理解。根据第三段中的The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision可知,自动语音电话让人头疼的原因比起数量更在于它能准确获取受害人的信息,故A项正确。40.B考查推理判断。根据第二段可知,新的声音处理和自动化技术可以给人们带来便利,第三段论述了这
504、一技术让不法分子有了可乘之机,据此可以判断,技术是把双刃剑,故B项正确。41.C考查标题判断。通读全文,首段提出越来越多的人拒接未知号码的电话的现象,接下来又阐述了这类电话给人们带来危害的原因,最后给出了解决方案,故C项最适合作本文标题。题组4自然生态和环境保护Passage 19 猩球崛起电影制作人使用了数字化的猿猴作主演,动物保护者对此深表感激。但是在电影行业中有很多动物演员受到了不公正的对待,这需要引起人们的关注。24.D考查细节理解。根据第一段中的Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived
505、 with a sign praising the filmmakers: Thanks for not using real apes(猿)!可知,动物保护者在Hollywood Boulevard集会是为了向一些电影制片人表示感谢,故D项正确。25.B考查段落大意。根据第二段中的The creative team behind Apes used motion-capture(动作捕捉)technology to create digitalized animals.records an actors performance and later processes it with comp
506、uter graphics to create a final image(图像)可以判断,本段主要介绍了数字化猿猴的创作过程,故选B。26.D考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment可知,该非营利性组织旨在监督电影娱乐业对待动物的方式,所以画线短语应与monitor(监督)意义最为接近,故D项密切关注正确。27.A考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的In some cases, its not so much the treatm
507、ent of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; its the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns可以推断,动物演员可能受到了不公正的对待,故A项正确。Passage 20热带雨林不仅是各种植物和动物的家园,还是地球的肺雨林储存大量的二氧化碳,并产生大量的氧气。为防止疾病和虫害,虽然树与树的叶子和树枝距离很近,但并不相连。热带雨林的湿气也有益于一些需要雨的国家。32.D考查细节理解。根据第一段第一、二句Rainfo
508、rests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.a single bush(灌木丛) in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain可知,热带雨林是各种药用植物、鸟类和动物的家园;亚马孙热带雨林的一处灌木丛里的蚂蚁种类可能比整个英国的蚂蚁种类都多。据此可知,热带雨林里有丰富的野生生物,故D项正确。33.B考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句可知,热带雨林自身有很好的生存系统:高大的树木用树枝和叶子组成树
509、冠,保护自己、较小的植物和雨林动物免受大雨的击打、烈日的炙烤和强风的侵袭。据此可知,大树的作用最大,故B项正确。34.C考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句可知,不同的树的树枝和树叶不连接,这可以防止任何树木疾病的传播,并使毛虫等以树叶为食的昆虫的存活更加困难。据此可知,这是雨林中树的自我保护方式。35.A考查标题归纳。通读全文可知,文章第一句Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals为全文的主题句,结合下文内容可知,本文主要介绍了热带雨林自身生存并积极影响着地球的知识:热带雨
510、林不仅是各种植物和动物的家园,还是地球的肺雨林储存大量的二氧化碳,并产生大量的氧气;热带雨林还能自我保护为防止疾病和虫害,虽然树与树的叶子和树枝距离很近,但并不相连;热带雨林的湿气也有益于一些需要雨的国家。故A项最适合作本文标题。Passage 21研究表明,一种名为phytoplankton的海洋微生物对海洋颜色的变化有很大的影响,它对我们研究气候变化也有一定意义。42.B考查段落大意。通读第一段可知,该段主要说明在不久的将来,随着气候变暖,海洋将变得更蓝、更绿;通读第二段可知,气候变化将影响海洋浮游植物的生长,从而导致海洋外观的变化。故第一、二段主要介绍了海洋颜色变化的原因。43.A考查词
511、义猜测。根据第三段尾句Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth.but also nutrients可知,温度变化对phytoplankton有很大的影响,由此可推知phytoplankton对海洋的温度很敏感,故选A。44.D考查细节理解。根据第四段第三句和第四句可知,phytoplankton数量越少,海洋的颜色越蓝;数量越多,海洋的颜色越绿,故D项正确。45.C考查写作意图。通读全文可知,本文主要讲气候变暖影响phytoplankton这一海洋微生物的生长,进而
512、导致海洋颜色的变化,故选C项。Passage 22文章主要讲述了美国加利福尼亚州的森林中大树急剧减少的现象,并分析了其原因。27.A考查段落大意。 根据文章第二段中The number of trees larger than two feet.declined by 50 percent.more than 55 percent.nearly 75 percent提到的数字可知,该段主要描述了加利福尼亚州森林中大树急剧减少的严重性,故选A。28.D考查推理判断。根据第三段中的Aggressive wildfire pete with big trees for resources(资源)可知
513、,声势浩大的森林防火措施虽然一定程度上保护了森林,但同时也导致小树泛滥,与大树争抢资源,从而导致大树数量减少,故选D。29.C考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的Since the 1930s, McIntyre said.have been rising temperatures.reduces the water supply可知,McIntyre认为水资源短缺的主要原因是逐渐上升的气温,故选C。30.A考查标题判断。 根据全文可知,文章主要讲述了美国加利福尼亚州森林中大树数量急剧减少的现象,并分析了其原因。因此A项能很好地概括全文。Passage 23这是一篇科普类说明文。为了弄清生态系统的运
514、转,科学家建立了数学模型,通过模型发现不同层次的物种之间的依存关系,而人类作为最高层的掠食动物,其一举一动都会影响整个生态系统。46.B考查推理判断。第一段说,为了弄清生态系统的运转,科学家建立了数学模型;第二段说,通过这一模型,科学家找到了生态系统食物网中运行的关键原则,因此选B。47.C考查细节理解。根据题干的关键词A strong link,我们把答案定位在第二段。根据该段的关键信息When a predator(掠食动物).strongly linked可知,如果掠食动物只吃一种猎物,那么它们之间的联系就很紧密,故本题选C。48.D考查细节理解。根据题干的关键信息顶端掠食动物的数量大大
515、减少,我们把答案定位在第三段。该段说,顶端掠食动物数量的小变化会给整个生态系统带来大变化,故选D。49.A考查推理判断。第四段开头说,无计划的人类活动已经证实顶端掠食动物能自上而下地控制其他物种,然后说到人类对海洋和陆地的顶端掠食动物的捕杀,并且说,这些行为极大地影响了生态平衡,A项失控的人类活动极大地扰乱了生态系统是对这一段最好的总结。50.D考查推理判断。根据题干的关键信息早期预警系统,我们把答案定位在最后一段。该段说,这个系统是以数学模型为基础建立的,能告诉我们什么时候应该改变人类把生态系统逼向崩溃的活动,然后说预防是关键。故选D。Passage 24本文是一篇议论文,主要讲述了塑料袋和
516、可重复使用纸袋的情况。24.D考查推理判断。根据第一段中的is defending an industry和第二段中的like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume可推知,Stein是一个为塑料业,特别是支持塑料袋使用而发声的科学家,故选D。25.A考查词义猜测。根据文章第二段中的The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles可知,在加
517、利福尼亚州,包括洛杉矶在内的约90个城市已经禁止使用塑料袋,再根据画线词下文的内容可知,画线词指代上文提到的禁止使用塑料袋,故选A。26.D考查细节理解。根据第四段中的However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make可知,生产可重复使用的袋子需要消耗更多的能源,故选D。27.A考查标题判断。根据最后一段中的Environmentalists dont dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too, 并结合全文可知, 本文主要讲述了塑料袋和可重复使用纸袋的利弊。故A项能很好地概括全文。